Author Report for: Graves TNo contact information in database for Graves T
Lindblad-Toh K, Garber M, Zuk O, Lin MF, Parker BJ, Washietl S, Kheradpour P, Ernst J, Jordan G and Kellis M <76 more author(s)> Lindblad-Toh K, Garber M, Zuk O, Lin MF, Parker BJ, Washietl S, Kheradpour P, Ernst J, Jordan G, Mauceli E, Ward LD, Lowe CB, Holloway AK, Clamp M, Gnerre S, Alfoldi J, Beal K, Chang J, Clawson H, Cuff J, Di Palma F, Fitzgerald S, Flicek P, Guttman M, Hubisz MJ, Jaffe DB, Jungreis I, Kent WJ, Kostka D, Lara M, Martins AL, Massingham T, Moltke I, Raney BJ, Rasmussen MD, Robinson J, Stark A, Vilella AJ, Wen J, Xie X, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Bloom T, Chin CW, Heiman D, Nicol R, Nusbaum C, Young S, Wilkinson J, Worley KC, Kovar CL, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Cree A, Dihn HH, Fowler G, Jhangiani S, Joshi V, Lee S, Lewis LR, Nazareth LV, Okwuonu G, Santibanez J, Warren WC, Mardis ER, Weinstock GM, Wilson RK, Delehaunty K, Dooling D, Fronik C, Fulton L, Fulton B, Graves T, Minx P, Sodergren E, Birney E, Margulies EH, Herrero J, Green ED, Haussler D, Siepel A, Goldman N, Pollard KS, Pedersen JS, Lander ES, Kellis M (- 76) Ref: Nature, 478:476, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Lindblad-Toh_2011_Nature_478_476 PubMedSearch: Lindblad-Toh 2011 Nature 478 476 PubMedID: 21993624 Gene_locus related to this paper: cavpo-1plip, cavpo-2plrp, cavpo-h0v1b7, cavpo-h0v5v8, cavpo-h0vj36, cavpo-lipli, rabit-1hlip, rabit-1plip, rabit-g1t6x7, rabit-LIPH, myolu-l7n1c2, myolu-g1pqd9, cavpo-h0uyz6, cavpo-h0vi56, rabit-g1tbj4, myolu-g1p5c0, rabit-g1sds3, rabit-g1sye0, cavpo-h0v0r2, cavpo-h0v7s5, rabit-g1sp43, myolu-g1p4p3, cavpo-h0vw09, rabit-g1ssu3, myolu-g1pds0, rabit-g1sic4, cavpo-h0v2c4, myolu-g1pg61, myolu-g1pnb1, myolu-g1pu06, myolu-g1qa15, myolu-g1qfu0, rabit-g1sn99, rabit-g1snq9, rabit-g1sns7, rabit-g1tuu8, rabit-g1tzq7, cavpo-h0v2i2, cavpo-h0v2j0, cavpo-h0vsf5, cavpo-a0a286x8d3, cavpo-a0a286xbr3, cavpo-a0a286y0i8, cavpo-a0a286y4p3, myolu-g1q2n9, cavpo-h0v1p4, myolu-g1pan8, myolu-g1paq0, myolu-g1par4, myolu-g1prn3, myolu-g1q3i0, myolu-g1q463, myolu-g1pat6, myolu-g1q859, rabit-g1sul9, rabit-g1sun0, rabit-g1sup0, myolu-l7n125, myolu-g1pan2, rabit-g1sxd0, cavpo-h0v8j4, rabit-d5fit0, rabit-g1tkr5, myolu-g1nty6, myolu-g1p1p3, cavpo-h0vdd5, myolu-g1pdp2, rabit-g1tmm5, cavpo-h0vhq3, myolu-g1nth4, cavpo-h0vqx6, rabit-g1tqr7, myolu-g1p1e9, cavpo-h0v8y6, rabit-g1skt3, myolu-g1nzg3, cavpo-h0v5z0, rabit-g1sgz5, myolu-g1pkg5, rabit-g1tmw5, rabit-g1t134, cavpo-a0a286x9v5, myolu-g1qc57, myolu-g1q061, rabit-g1tnp4, rabit-g1tyf7, cavpo-h0w2w1, rabit-g1ta36, cavpo-h0w342, myolu-g1q4e3, rabit-g1sqa1, cavpo-h0uxk7, myolu-g1p353, cavpo-h0vpm0, rabit-a0a5f9cru6, cavpo-a0a286xtc0 Abstract The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering approximately 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for approximately 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease. Title: The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis Hellsten U, Harland RM, Gilchrist MJ, Hendrix D, Jurka J, Kapitonov V, Ovcharenko I, Putnam NH, Shu S and Rokhsar DS <38 more author(s)> Hellsten U, Harland RM, Gilchrist MJ, Hendrix D, Jurka J, Kapitonov V, Ovcharenko I, Putnam NH, Shu S, Taher L, Blitz IL, Blumberg B, Dichmann DS, Dubchak I, Amaya E, Detter JC, Fletcher R, Gerhard DS, Goodstein D, Graves T, Grigoriev IV, Grimwood J, Kawashima T, Lindquist E, Lucas SM, Mead PE, Mitros T, Ogino H, Ohta Y, Poliakov AV, Pollet N, Robert J, Salamov A, Sater AK, Schmutz J, Terry A, Vize PD, Warren WC, Wells D, Wills A, Wilson RK, Zimmerman LB, Zorn AM, Grainger R, Grammer T, Khokha MK, Richardson PM, Rokhsar DS (- 38) Ref: Science, 328:633, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Hellsten_2010_Science_328_633 PubMedSearch: Hellsten 2010 Science 328 633 PubMedID: 20431018 Gene_locus related to this paper: xenla-q6pcj9, xentr-a9umk0, xentr-abhdb, xentr-ACHE, xentr-b0bm77, xentr-b1h0y7, xentr-b2guc4, xentr-b7zt03, xentr-b7ztj4, xentr-BCHE1, xentr-BCHE2, xentr-cxest2, xentr-d2x2k4, xentr-d2x2k6, xentr-f6rff6, xentr-f6v0g3, xentr-f6v2j6, xentr-f6v3z1, xentr-f6y4c8, xentr-f6yve5, xentr-f7a4y9, xentr-f7acc5, xentr-f7e2e2, xentr-LOC394897, xentr-ndrg1, xentr-q0vfb6, xentr-f7cpl7, xentr-f6yj44, xentr-f7ejk4, xentr-f6q8j8, xentr-f6z8f0, xentr-f7d709, xentr-b0bmb8, xentr-f7af63, xentr-a0a1b8y2w9, xentr-f7d4k9, xentr-f6r032, xentr-f6yvq3, xentr-a0a1b8y2z3, xentr-f7afg4, xentr-f6xb15, xentr-f7e1r2, xentr-a4ihf1, xentr-f7eue5, xentr-f6u7u3, xentr-f172a, xentr-f7equ8, xentr-f7dd89, xentr-a9jtx5 Abstract The western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis is an important model for vertebrate development that combines experimental advantages of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis with more tractable genetics. Here we present a draft genome sequence assembly of X. tropicalis. This genome encodes more than 20,000 protein-coding genes, including orthologs of at least 1700 human disease genes. Over 1 million expressed sequence tags validated the annotation. More than one-third of the genome consists of transposable elements, with unusually prevalent DNA transposons. Like that of other tetrapods, the genome of X. tropicalis contains gene deserts enriched for conserved noncoding elements. The genome exhibits substantial shared synteny with human and chicken over major parts of large chromosomes, broken by lineage-specific chromosome fusions and fissions, mainly in the mammalian lineage. Title: The genome of a songbird Warren WC, Clayton DF, Ellegren H, Arnold AP, Hillier LW, Kunstner A, Searle S, White S, Vilella AJ and Wilson RK <72 more author(s)> Warren WC, Clayton DF, Ellegren H, Arnold AP, Hillier LW, Kunstner A, Searle S, White S, Vilella AJ, Fairley S, Heger A, Kong L, Ponting CP, Jarvis ED, Mello CV, Minx P, Lovell P, Velho TA, Ferris M, Balakrishnan CN, Sinha S, Blatti C, London SE, Li Y, Lin YC, George J, Sweedler J, Southey B, Gunaratne P, Watson M, Nam K, Backstrom N, Smeds L, Nabholz B, Itoh Y, Whitney O, Pfenning AR, Howard J, Volker M, Skinner BM, Griffin DK, Ye L, McLaren WM, Flicek P, Quesada V, Velasco G, Lopez-Otin C, Puente XS, Olender T, Lancet D, Smit AF, Hubley R, Konkel MK, Walker JA, Batzer MA, Gu W, Pollock DD, Chen L, Cheng Z, Eichler EE, Stapley J, Slate J, Ekblom R, Birkhead T, Burke T, Burt D, Scharff C, Adam I, Richard H, Sultan M, Soldatov A, Lehrach H, Edwards SV, Yang SP, Li X, Graves T, Fulton L, Nelson J, Chinwalla A, Hou S, Mardis ER, Wilson RK (- 72) Ref: Nature, 464:757, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Warren_2010_Nature_464_757 PubMedSearch: Warren 2010 Nature 464 757 PubMedID: 20360741 Gene_locus related to this paper: taegu-b5fyu7, taegu-BCHE, taegu-h0z4h9, taegu-h0z9w8, taegu-h0zat6, taegu-h0ze48, taegu-h0zha8, taegu-h0zkr8, taegu-h0zqp3, taegu-h0zz82, taegu-h0zqs1, taegu-h0yy64, taegu-h0yv40, taegu-h0yyt1, taegu-h0zcc8, taegu-h0z3k5, taegu-h0yw95, taegu-h0zkm7, taegu-h1a198, taegu-h0z6w2, taegu-h0zl93, taegu-h0zt33, taegu-h0yp71, taegu-h0ypu5, taegu-h1a048, taegu-h0ztq1, fical-u3kau2, 9pass-a0a093qu66, taegu-h0z7g0, fical-u3jnn0, taegu-h0zb80, taegu-h0zb89, taegu-h0z994, taegu-h0ztj6 Abstract The zebra finch is an important model organism in several fields with unique relevance to human neuroscience. Like other songbirds, the zebra finch communicates through learned vocalizations, an ability otherwise documented only in humans and a few other animals and lacking in the chicken-the only bird with a sequenced genome until now. Here we present a structural, functional and comparative analysis of the genome sequence of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), which is a songbird belonging to the large avian order Passeriformes. We find that the overall structures of the genomes are similar in zebra finch and chicken, but they differ in many intrachromosomal rearrangements, lineage-specific gene family expansions, the number of long-terminal-repeat-based retrotransposons, and mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation. We show that song behaviour engages gene regulatory networks in the zebra finch brain, altering the expression of long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors and their targets. We also show evidence for rapid molecular evolution in the songbird lineage of genes that are regulated during song experience. These results indicate an active involvement of the genome in neural processes underlying vocal communication and identify potential genetic substrates for the evolution and regulation of this behaviour. Title: Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL and Ponting CP <21 more author(s)> Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL, DiCuccio M, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Meric P, Maglott D, Birtle Z, Marques AC, Graves T, Zhou S, Teague B, Potamousis K, Churas C, Place M, Herschleb J, Runnheim R, Forrest D, Amos-Landgraf J, Schwartz DC, Cheng Z, Lindblad-Toh K, Eichler EE, Ponting CP (- 21) Ref: PLoS Biol, 7:e1000112, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Church_2009_PLoS.Biol_7_E1000112 PubMedSearch: Church 2009 PLoS.Biol 7 E1000112 PubMedID: 19468303 Gene_locus related to this paper: mouse-1neur, mouse-2neur, mouse-abd12, mouse-abhd3, mouse-abhd5, mouse-acnt1, mouse-adcl3, mouse-bphl, mouse-c1ib, mouse-cauxin, mouse-Ces1a, mouse-Ces1b, mouse-Ces1c, mouse-Ces1e, mouse-Ces1h, mouse-Ces2a, mouse-Ces2c, mouse-Ces2f, mouse-Ces2g, mouse-Ces2h, mouse-Ces3b, mouse-Ces4a, mouse-CMBL, mouse-Dorz1, mouse-DPP6, mouse-dpp10, mouse-ephx4, mouse-g3uzn6, mouse-KFA, mouse-LIPN, mouse-Lipo2, mouse-Lipo4, mouse-MEST, mouse-ndr1, mouse-ndr4, mouse-notum, mouse-q3uuq7, mouse-Q8C1A9, mouse-Q9DAI6, mouse-SERHL, mouse-Tex30, mouse-thyro, mouse-tmco4, mouse-b1avu7, mouse-b2rwd2, mouse-j3qpi0, mouse-w4vsp6, mouse-f172a, mouse-f6yqt7 Abstract The mouse (Mus musculus) is the premier animal model for understanding human disease and development. Here we show that a comprehensive understanding of mouse biology is only possible with the availability of a finished, high-quality genome assembly. The finished clone-based assembly of the mouse strain C57BL/6J reported here has over 175,000 fewer gaps and over 139 Mb more of novel sequence, compared with the earlier MGSCv3 draft genome assembly. In a comprehensive analysis of this revised genome sequence, we are now able to define 20,210 protein-coding genes, over a thousand more than predicted in the human genome (19,042 genes). In addition, we identified 439 long, non-protein-coding RNAs with evidence for transcribed orthologs in human. We analyzed the complex and repetitive landscape of 267 Mb of sequence that was missing or misassembled in the previously published assembly, and we provide insights into the reasons for its resistance to sequencing and assembly by whole-genome shotgun approaches. Duplicated regions within newly assembled sequence tend to be of more recent ancestry than duplicates in the published draft, correcting our initial understanding of recent evolution on the mouse lineage. These duplicates appear to be largely composed of sequence regions containing transposable elements and duplicated protein-coding genes; of these, some may be fixed in the mouse population, but at least 40% of segmentally duplicated sequences are copy number variable even among laboratory mouse strains. Mouse lineage-specific regions contain 3,767 genes drawn mainly from rapidly-changing gene families associated with reproductive functions. The finished mouse genome assembly, therefore, greatly improves our understanding of rodent-specific biology and allows the delineation of ancestral biological functions that are shared with human from derived functions that are not. Title: Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution Warren WC, Hillier LW, Marshall Graves JA, Birney E, Ponting CP, Grutzner F, Belov K, Miller W, Clarke L and Wilson RK <94 more author(s)> Warren WC, Hillier LW, Marshall Graves JA, Birney E, Ponting CP, Grutzner F, Belov K, Miller W, Clarke L, Chinwalla AT, Yang SP, Heger A, Locke DP, Miethke P, Waters PD, Veyrunes F, Fulton L, Fulton B, Graves T, Wallis J, Puente XS, Lopez-Otin C, Ordonez GR, Eichler EE, Chen L, Cheng Z, Deakin JE, Alsop A, Thompson K, Kirby P, Papenfuss AT, Wakefield MJ, Olender T, Lancet D, Huttley GA, Smit AF, Pask A, Temple-Smith P, Batzer MA, Walker JA, Konkel MK, Harris RS, Whittington CM, Wong ES, Gemmell NJ, Buschiazzo E, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Merkel A, Schmitz J, Zemann A, Churakov G, Kriegs JO, Brosius J, Murchison EP, Sachidanandam R, Smith C, Hannon GJ, Tsend-Ayush E, McMillan D, Attenborough R, Rens W, Ferguson-Smith M, Lefevre CM, Sharp JA, Nicholas KR, Ray DA, Kube M, Reinhardt R, Pringle TH, Taylor J, Jones RC, Nixon B, Dacheux JL, Niwa H, Sekita Y, Huang X, Stark A, Kheradpour P, Kellis M, Flicek P, Chen Y, Webber C, Hardison R, Nelson J, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Delehaunty K, Markovic C, Minx P, Feng Y, Kremitzki C, Mitreva M, Glasscock J, Wylie T, Wohldmann P, Thiru P, Nhan MN, Pohl CS, Smith SM, Hou S, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Renfree MB, Mardis ER, Wilson RK (- 94) Ref: Nature, 453:175, 2008 : PubMed ESTHER: Warren_2008_Nature_453_175 PubMedSearch: Warren 2008 Nature 453 175 PubMedID: 18464734 Gene_locus related to this paper: ornan-f6s0q0, ornan-f6ty74, ornan-f6u2k2, ornan-f6uve1, ornan-f6vpb6, ornan-f6ybp3, ornan-f7bgu8, ornan-f7ct41, ornan-f7cza1, ornan-f7ejp8, ornan-f7exu1, ornan-f7f392, ornan-f7f9y6, ornan-f6ve87, ornan-f7f1d9, ornan-f6z3l1, ornan-f6r3f9, ornan-f6r3g8, ornan-f6vs71, ornan-f7g4v8 Abstract We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation. Title: Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee Hughes JF, Skaletsky H, Pyntikova T, Minx PJ, Graves T, Rozen S, Wilson RK, Page DC Ref: Nature, 437:100, 2005 : PubMed ESTHER: Hughes_2005_Nature_437_100 PubMedSearch: Hughes 2005 Nature 437 100 PubMedID: 16136134 Gene_locus related to this paper: pantr-h2rbj9, pantr-h2qku7 Abstract The human Y chromosome, transmitted clonally through males, contains far fewer genes than the sexually recombining autosome from which it evolved. The enormity of this evolutionary decline has led to predictions that the Y chromosome will be completely bereft of functional genes within ten million years. Although recent evidence of gene conversion within massive Y-linked palindromes runs counter to this hypothesis, most unique Y-linked genes are not situated in palindromes and have no gene conversion partners. The 'impending demise' hypothesis thus rests on understanding the degree of conservation of these genes. Here we find, by systematically comparing the DNA sequences of unique, Y-linked genes in chimpanzee and human, which diverged about six million years ago, evidence that in the human lineage, all such genes were conserved through purifying selection. In the chimpanzee lineage, by contrast, several genes have sustained inactivating mutations. Gene decay in the chimpanzee lineage might be a consequence of positive selection focused elsewhere on the Y chromosome and driven by sperm competition. Title: The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence classes Skaletsky H, Kuroda-Kawaguchi T, Minx PJ, Cordum HS, Hillier L, Brown LG, Repping S, Pyntikova T, Ali J and Page DC <30 more author(s)> Skaletsky H, Kuroda-Kawaguchi T, Minx PJ, Cordum HS, Hillier L, Brown LG, Repping S, Pyntikova T, Ali J, Bieri T, Chinwalla A, Delehaunty A, Delehaunty K, Du H, Fewell G, Fulton L, Fulton R, Graves T, Hou SF, Latrielle P, Leonard S, Mardis E, Maupin R, McPherson J, Miner T, Nash W, Nguyen C, Ozersky P, Pepin K, Rock S, Rohlfing T, Scott K, Schultz B, Strong C, Tin-Wollam A, Yang SP, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Rozen S, Page DC (- 30) Ref: Nature, 423:825, 2003 : PubMed ESTHER: Skaletsky_2003_Nature_423_825 PubMedSearch: Skaletsky 2003 Nature 423 825 PubMedID: 12815422 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-NLGN4Y Abstract The male-specific region of the Y chromosome, the MSY, differentiates the sexes and comprises 95% of the chromosome's length. Here, we report that the MSY is a mosaic of heterochromatic sequences and three classes of euchromatic sequences: X-transposed, X-degenerate and ampliconic. These classes contain all 156 known transcription units, which include 78 protein-coding genes that collectively encode 27 distinct proteins. The X-transposed sequences exhibit 99% identity to the X chromosome. The X-degenerate sequences are remnants of ancient autosomes from which the modern X and Y chromosomes evolved. The ampliconic class includes large regions (about 30% of the MSY euchromatin) where sequence pairs show greater than 99.9% identity, which is maintained by frequent gene conversion (non-reciprocal transfer). The most prominent features here are eight massive palindromes, at least six of which contain testis genes. Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 Dunham I, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP and O'Brien KP <207 more author(s)> Dunham I, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chen Y, Clark G, Clegg SM, Cobley VE, Cole CG, Collier RE, Connor R, Conroy D, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Cox AV, Davis J, Dawson E, Dhami PD, Dockree C, Dodsworth SJ, Durbin RM, Ellington AG, Evans KL, Fey JM, Fleming K, French L, Garner AA, Gilbert JGR, Goward ME, Grafham DV, Griffiths MND, Hall C, Hall RE, Hall-Tamlyn G, Heathcott RW, Ho S, Holmes S, Hunt SE, Jones MC, Kershaw J, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford CF, Leversha MA, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Martyn ID, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews LH, Mccann OT, Mcclay J, Mclaren S, McMurray AA, Milne SA, Mortimore BJ, Odell CN, Pavitt R, Pearce AV, Pearson D, Phillimore BJCT, Phillips SH, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Ramsey Y, Rogers L, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Skuce CD, Smalley S, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Spragon L, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann RM, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whiteley MN, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Williamson H, Wilmer TE, Wilming L, Wright CL, Hubbard T, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Shimizu N, Minoshima S, Kawasaki K, Sasaki T, Asakawa S, Kudoh J, Shintani A, Shibuya K, Yoshizaki Y, Aoki N, Mitsuyama S, Roe BA, Chen F, Chu L, Crabtree J, Deschamps S, Do A, Do T, Dorman A, Fang F, Fu Y, Hu P, Hua A, Kenton S, Lai H, Lao HI, Lewis J, Lewis S, Lin S-P, Loh P, Malaj E, Nguyen T, Pan H, Phan S, Qi S, Qian Y, Ray L, Ren Q, Shaull S, Sloan D, Song L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, White J, Willingham D, Wu H, Yao Z, Zhan M, Zhang G, Chissoe S, Murray J, Miller N, Minx P, Fulton R, Johnson D, Bemis G, Bentley D, Bradshaw H, Bourne S, Cordes M, Du Z, Fulton L, Goela D, Graves T, Hawkins J, Hinds K, Kemp K, Latreille P, Layman D, Ozersky P, Rohlfing T, Scheet P, Walker C, Wamsley A, Wohldmann P, Pepin K, Nelson J, Korf I, Bedell JA, Hillier L, Mardis E, Waterston R, Wilson R, Emanuel BS, Shaikh T, Kurahashi H, Saitta S, Budarf ML, McDermid HE, Johnson A, Wong ACC, Morrow BE, Edelmann L, Kim UJ, Shizuya H, Simon MI, Dumanski JP, Peyrard M, Kedra D, Seroussi E, Fransson I, Tapia I, Bruder CE, O'Brien KP (- 207) Ref: Nature, 402:489, 1999 : PubMed ESTHER: Dunham_1999_Nature_402_489 PubMedSearch: Dunham 1999 Nature 402 489 PubMedID: 10591208 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-CES5A, human-SERHL2 Abstract Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome. Title: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana Mayer K, Schuller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD and McCombie WR <220 more author(s)> Mayer K, Schuller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Dusterhoft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Muller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kotter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blocker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Lohnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schafer M, Muller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mundlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR (- 220) Ref: Nature, 402:769, 1999 : PubMed ESTHER: Mayer_1999_Nature_402_769 PubMedSearch: Mayer 1999 Nature 402 769 PubMedID: 10617198 Gene_locus related to this paper: arath-AT4G00500, arath-AT4G16690, arath-AT4G17480, arath-AT4G24380, arath-AT4g30610, arath-o65513, arath-o65713, arath-LPAAT, arath-f4jt64 Abstract The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins. | |||||||
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