Author Report for: Xie XNo contact information in database for Xie X
Ai H, Lee YY, Xie X, Tan CP, Ming Lai O, Li A, Wang Y, Zhang Z Ref: Food Chem, 412:135558, 2023 : PubMed ESTHER: Ai_2023_Food.Chem_412_135558 PubMedSearch: Ai 2023 Food.Chem 412 135558 PubMedID: 36716631 Abstract Palm olein (POL) was modified by enzymatic interesterification with different degrees of acyl migration in a solvent-free packed bed reactor. The fatty acid and acylglycerol composition, isomer content, thermodynamic behavior, and relationship between crystal polymorphism, solid fat content (SFC), crystal microstructure, and texture before and after modification were studied. We found that the increase in sn-2 saturation interesterification was not only due to the generated tripalmitin (PPP) but also caused by acyl migration, and the SFC profiles were changed accordingly. The emergence of high melting point acylglycerols was an important factor accelerating the crystallization rate, further shortening the crystallization induction time, leading to the formation of large crystal spherulites, thereby reducing the hardness. The transformation from the beta' to the beta form occurred during post-hardening during storage. The isomer content also affected the physicochemical properties of the modified POL. Title: Characterization of a New Thermostable and Organic Solution-Tolerant Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Its Application in the Enrichment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Hu Z, Jiao L, Xie X, Xu L, Yan J, Yang M, Yan Y Ref: Int J Mol Sci, 24:8924, 2023 : PubMed ESTHER: Hu_2023_Int.J.Mol.Sci_24_8924 PubMedSearch: Hu 2023 Int.J.Mol.Sci 24 8924 PubMedID: 37240270 Gene_locus related to this paper: psefs-c3kbe9 Abstract The search for and characterization of new lipases with excellent properties has always been urgent and is of great importance to meet industrial needs. In this study, a new lipase, lipB, from Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25, belonging to the lipase subfamily I.3, was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB800N. Enzymatic properties studies of recombinant LipB found that it exhibited the highest activity towards p-nitrophenyl caprylate at 40 degreesC and pH 8.0, retaining 73% of its original activity after incubation at 70 degreesC for 6 h. In addition, Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Ba(2+) strongly enhanced the activity of LipB, while Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), and CTAB showed an inhibiting effect. The LipB also displayed noticeable tolerance to organic solvents, especially acetonitrile, isopropanol, acetone, and DMSO. Moreover, LipB was applied to the enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil. After hydrolyzing for 24 h, it could increase the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids from 43.16% to 72.18%, consisting of 5.75% eicosapentaenoic acid, 19.57% docosapentaenoic acid, and 46.86% docosahexaenoic acid, respectively. The properties of LipB render it great potential in industrial applications, especially in health food production. Title: De Novo Computational Design of a Lipase with Hydrolysis Activity towards Middle-Chained Fatty Acid Esters Huang J, Xie X, Zheng Z, Ye L, Wang P, Xu L, Wu Y, Yan J, Yang M, Yan Y Ref: Int J Mol Sci, 24:8581, 2023 : PubMed ESTHER: Huang_2023_Int.J.Mol.Sci_24_8581 PubMedSearch: Huang 2023 Int.J.Mol.Sci 24 8581 PubMedID: 37239928 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9zzzz-1a8uD1 Abstract Innovations in biocatalysts provide great prospects for intolerant environments or novel reactions. Due to the limited catalytic capacity and the long-term and labor-intensive characteristics of mining enzymes with the desired functions, de novo enzyme design was developed to obtain industrial application candidates in a rapid and convenient way. Here, based on the catalytic mechanisms and the known structures of proteins, we proposed a computational protein design strategy combining de novo enzyme design and laboratory-directed evolution. Starting with the theozyme constructed using a quantum-mechanical approach, the theoretical enzyme-skeleton combinations were assembled and optimized via the Rosetta "inside-out" protocol. A small number of designed sequences were experimentally screened using SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry and a qualitative activity assay in which the designed enzyme 1a8uD(1) exhibited a measurable hydrolysis activity of 24.25 +/- 0.57 U/g towards p-nitrophenyl octanoate. To improve the activity of the designed enzyme, molecular dynamics simulations and the RosettaDesign application were utilized to further optimize the substrate binding mode and amino acid sequence, thus keeping the residues of theozyme intact. The redesigned lipase 1a8uD(1)-M8 displayed enhanced hydrolysis activity towards p-nitrophenyl octanoate-3.34 times higher than that of 1a8uD(1). Meanwhile, the natural skeleton protein (PDB entry 1a8u) did not display any hydrolysis activity, confirming that the hydrolysis abilities of the designed 1a8uD(1) and the redesigned 1a8uD(1)-M8 were devised from scratch. More importantly, the designed 1a8uD(1)-M8 was also able to hydrolyze the natural middle-chained substrate (glycerol trioctanoate), for which the activity was 27.67 +/- 0.69 U/g. This study indicates that the strategy employed here has great potential to generate novel enzymes exhibiting the desired reactions. Title: Neuroligins facilitate the development of bone cancer pain via regulating synaptic transmission: an experimental study Xie X, Li Y, Su S, Li X, Xu X, Gao Y, Peng M, Ke C Ref: Braz J Anesthesiol, :, 2023 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2023_Braz.J.Anesthesiol__ PubMedSearch: Xie 2023 Braz.J.Anesthesiol PubMedID: 36841430 Abstract BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of Neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established Bone Cancer Pain (BCP) model. The objective was to explore the mechanism of neuroligin involved in the occurrence and development of bone cancer pain. METHODS: Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP. RESULTS: We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not of NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP. Title: Predictive Value of Perioperative Cytokine Levels on the Risk for In-Stent Restenosis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Chen D, Xie X, Lu Y, Chen S, Lin S Ref: Contrast Media Mol Imaging, 2022:7832564, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2022_Contrast.Media.Mol.Imaging_2022_7832564 PubMedSearch: Chen 2022 Contrast.Media.Mol.Imaging 2022 7832564 PubMedID: 35542755 Abstract To investigate the value of perioperative cytokine levels in predicting the risk for in-stent restenosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 452 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to our hospital between June 2018 and June 2020 were prospectively selected as subjects. All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The baseline data of the patients were collected. Venous blood was taken before, 24 hours, and 3 days after the operation to detect the levels of related cytokines. Follow-up was performed for 1 year. The patients were assigned to restenosis and nonrestenosis groups according to the presence and absence of restenosis. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of the risk for in-stent restenosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. By July 1, 2021, 449 cases had been followed up. Of them, 44 cases suffered from in-stent restenosis and 405 cases did not affect in-stent restenosis. The incidence of in-stent restenosis was 9.80%. Before, 24 hours, and 3 days after the operation, the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level was significantly higher in the restenosis group than that in the nonrestenosis group. At 3 days after the operation, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) level was significantly higher in the restenosis group than that in the nonrestenosis group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis displayed that Lp-PLA2 level preoperatively (OR = 1.048, 95% CI 1.029-1.068), Lp-PLA2 level 24 hours postoperatively (OR = 1.013, 95% CI 1.007-1.019), Lp-PLA2 level 3 days postoperatively (OR = 1.032, 95% CI 1.015-1.048), and IL-6 level 3 days postoperatively (OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.000-1.040) were risk factors for in-stent restenosis (all P < 0.05). IL-6 and Lp-PLA2 levels can predict the risk for in-stent restenosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the perioperative period. Title: An ancestral function of strigolactones as symbiotic rhizosphere signals Kodama K, Rich MK, Yoda A, Shimazaki S, Xie X, Akiyama K, Mizuno Y, Komatsu A, Luo Y and Kyozuka J <15 more author(s)> Kodama K, Rich MK, Yoda A, Shimazaki S, Xie X, Akiyama K, Mizuno Y, Komatsu A, Luo Y, Suzuki H, Kameoka H, Libourel C, Keller J, Sakakibara K, Nishiyama T, Nakagawa T, Mashiguchi K, Uchida K, Yoneyama K, Tanaka Y, Yamaguchi S, Shimamura M, Delaux PM, Nomura T, Kyozuka J (- 15) Ref: Nat Commun, 13:3974, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Kodama_2022_Nat.Commun_13_3974 PubMedSearch: Kodama 2022 Nat.Commun 13 3974 PubMedID: 35803942 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Bryosymbiol Abstract In flowering plants, strigolactones (SLs) have dual functions as hormones that regulate growth and development, and as rhizosphere signaling molecules that induce symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Here, we report the identification of bryosymbiol (BSB), an SL from the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea. BSB is also found in vascular plants, indicating its origin in the common ancestor of land plants. BSB synthesis is enhanced at AM symbiosis permissive conditions and BSB deficient mutants are impaired in AM symbiosis. In contrast, the absence of BSB synthesis has little effect on the growth and gene expression. We show that the introduction of the SL receptor of Arabidopsis renders M. paleacea cells BSB-responsive. These results suggest that BSB is not perceived by M. paleacea cells due to the lack of cognate SL receptors. We propose that SLs originated as AM symbiosis-inducing rhizosphere signaling molecules and were later recruited as plant hormone. Title: From Function to Metabolome: Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Probiotic Fermentation on the Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Perilla frutescens Leaves Wang Z, Jin X, Zhang X, Xie X, Tu Z, He X Ref: Front Nutr, 9:933193, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2022_Front.Nutr_9_933193 PubMedSearch: Wang 2022 Front.Nutr 9 933193 PubMedID: 35898707 Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of probiotic fermentation on the active components and functions of Perilla frutescens leaves (PFL). PFL was fermented for 7 days using six probiotics (Lactobacillus Plantarum SWFU D16, Lactobacillus Plantarum ATCC 8014, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ATCC 53013, Streptococcus Thermophilus CICC 6038, Lactobacillus Casei ATCC 334, and Lactobacillus Bulgaricus CICC 6045). The total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant abilities, as well as alpha-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition abilities of PFL during the fermentation process were evaluated, and its bioactive compounds were further quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, non-targeted ultra-HPLC-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to identify the metabolites affected by fermentation and explore the possible mechanisms of the action of fermentation. The results showed that most of the active component contents and functional activities of PFL exhibited that it first increased and then decreased, and different probiotics had clearly distinguishable effects from each other, of which fermentation with ATCC 53013 for 1 day showed the highest enhancement effect. The same trend was also confirmed by the result of the changes in the contents of 12 phenolic acids and flavonoids by HPLC analysis. Further metabolomic analysis revealed significant metabolite changes under the best fermentation condition, which involved primarily the generation of fatty acids and their conjugates, flavonoids. A total of 574 and 387 metabolites were identified in positive ion and negative ion modes, respectively. Results of Spearman's analysis indicated that some primary metabolites and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, and fatty acids might play an important role in the functional activity of PFL. Differential metabolites were subjected to the KEGG database and 97 metabolites pathways were obtained, of which biosyntheses of unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoid, and isoflavonoid were the most enriched pathways. The above results revealed the potential reason for the differences in metabolic and functional levels of PFL after fermentation. This study could provide a scientific basis for the further study of PFL, as well as novel insights into the action mechanism of probiotic fermentation on the chemical composition and biological activity of food/drug. Title: Comprehensive analysis of the carboxylesterase gene reveals that NtCXE22 regulates axillary bud growth through strigolactone metabolism in tobacco Wang L, Xie X, Xu Y, Li Z, Xu G, Cheng L, Yang J, Li L, Pu W, Cao P Ref: Front Plant Sci, 13:1019538, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2022_Front.Plant.Sci_13_1019538 PubMedSearch: Wang 2022 Front.Plant.Sci 13 1019538 PubMedID: 36600915 Gene_locus related to this paper: tobac-NtCXE49, tobac-NtCXE48, tobac-NtCXE46, tobac-NtCXE44, tobac-NtCXE41, tobac-NtCXE40, tobac-NtCXE39, tobac-NtCXE38, tobac-NtCXE36, tobac-NtCXE34, tobac-NtCXE33, tobac-NtCXE28, tobac-NtCXE27, tobac-NtCXE26, tobac-NtCXE25, tobac-NtCXE24, tobac-NtCXE23, tobac-NtCXE21, tobac-NtCXE19, tobac-NtCXE18, tobac-NtCXE17, tobac-NtCXE15, tobac-NtCXE14, tobac-NtCXE13, tobac-NtCXE12, tobac-NtCXE11, tobac-NtCXE10, tobac-NtCXE8, tobac-NtCXE7, tobac-NtCXE6, tobac-NtCXE5, tobac-NtCXE4, tobac-NtCXE3, tobac-NtCXE2, tobac-NtCXE1, tobac-NtCXE30, tobac-NtCXE32, tobac-NtCXE22, tobac-NtCXE29, tobac-NtCXE35, tobac-NtCXE45 Abstract Carboxylesterases (CXE) are a class of hydrolytic enzymes with alpha/beta-folding domains that play a vital role in plant growth, development, stress response, and activation of herbicide-active substances. In this study, 49 Nicotiana tabacum L. CXE genes (NtCXEs) were identified using a sequence homology search. The basic characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, gene structure, subcellular location, promoter cis-elements, and gene expression patterns of the CXE family were systematically analyzed. RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression level of CXEs was associated with various stressors and hormones; gene expression levels were significantly different among the eight tissues examined and at different developmental periods. As a new class of hormones, strigolactones (SLs) are released from the roots of plants and can control the germination of axillary buds.NtCXE7, NtCXE9, NtCXE22, and NtCXE24 were homologous to Arabidopsis SLs hydrolase AtCXE15, and changes in their expression levels were induced by topping and by GR24 (a synthetic analogue of strigolactone). Further examination revealed that NtCXE22-mutant (ntcxe22) plants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology had shorter bud outgrowth with lower SLs content. Validation of NtCXE22 was also performed in NtCCD8-OE plants (with fewer axillary buds) and in ntccd8 mutant plants (with more axillary buds). The results suggest that NtCXE22 may act as an efficient SLs hydrolase and affects axillary bud development, thereby providing a feasible method for manipulating endogenous SLs in crops and ornamental plants. Title: Predictive value of serum cholinesterase in the mortality of acute pancreatitis: A retrospective cohort study Wei M, Xie X, Yu X, Lu Y, Ke L, Ye B, Zhou J, Li G, Li B and Li J <3 more author(s)> Wei M, Xie X, Yu X, Lu Y, Ke L, Ye B, Zhou J, Li G, Li B, Tong Z, Lu G, Li W, Li J (- 3) Ref: European Journal of Clinical Investigation, :e13741, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Wei_2022_Eur.J.Clin.Invest__e13741 PubMedSearch: Wei 2022 Eur.J.Clin.Invest e13741 PubMedID: 34981831 Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis has a high mortality of 20-40%, but there is lack of optimal prognostic biomarker for the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) or mortality. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between serum cholinesterase (ChE) level and poor outcomes of AP. METHODS: A total of 1904 AP patients were screened in the study, and we finally got 692 patients eligible for analysis. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on serum ChE. The primary outcome was mortality, and multivariable logistic regression analysis for mortality was completed. Additionally, we used receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to clarify the predictive value of serum ChE for mortality and organ failure. RESULTS: 378 patients and 314 patients were included in ChE low and normal group, respectively. Patients in ChE low group were older (46.68+/-12.70 vs 43.56+/-12.13 years old, p=0.001) and had a lower percentage of male (62.4% vs 71.0%, p=0.017) when compared with the ChE normal group. Mortality was significantly different in two groups (10.3% vs 0.0%, p<0.001). Moreover, organ failure also differed significantly in two groups (46.6% vs 8.6%, p<0.001). Decreased ChE level was independently associated with mortality in acute pancreatitis (odds ratio: 0.440; 95% confidence interval, 0.231, 0.838, p=0.013). The area under the curve of serum ChE was 0.875 and 0.803 for mortality and organ failure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lower level of serum ChE was independently associated with the severity and mortality of AP. Title: Identification of Host Molecules Involved in the Proliferation of Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Bombyx mori Xu J, Xie X, Ma Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Li K, Xiao Y, Tettamanti G and Tian L <1 more author(s)> Xu J, Xie X, Ma Q, Zhang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Li K, Xiao Y, Tettamanti G, Xu H, Tian L (- 1) Ref: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, :, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Xu_2022_J.Agric.Food.Chem__ PubMedSearch: Xu 2022 J.Agric.Food.Chem PubMedID: 36321811 Abstract The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), a foodborne infectious virus, is the pathogen causing nuclear polyhedrosis and high lethality in the silkworm. In this study, we characterized the molecules involved in BmNPV-silkworm interaction by RNA sequencing of the fat body isolated from the virus-susceptible strain P50. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation showed that the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in translation, signal transduction, folding, sorting, and degradation, as well as transport and catabolism, while the downregulated DEGs were predominantly enriched in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids at 72 h post BmNPV infection. Knockout of the upregulated somatomedin-B and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein, probable allantoicase, trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3, and Psl and pyoverdine operon regulator inhibited the proliferation of BmNPV, while knockout of the downregulated clip domain serine protease 3 and carboxylesterase clade H, member 1 promoted it. The molecules herein identified provide a foundation for developing strategies and designing drugs against BmNPV. Title: A preliminary study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Bombax ceiba L. flower and its potential mechanism in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology analysis Yin K, Yang J, Wang F, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xie X, Sun J, He X, Zhang X Ref: Front Nutr, 9:1018733, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Yin_2022_Front.Nutr_9_1018733 PubMedSearch: Yin 2022 Front.Nutr 9 1018733 PubMedID: 36313078 Abstract This study aimed to preliminary investigate the phytochemistry, bioactivity, hypoglycemic potential, and mechanism of action of Bombax ceiba L. flower (BCF), a wild edible and food plant in China. By using methanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, the crude extract (CE) of BCF and its petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and aqueous (AQ) fractions were obtained, and their chemical components and biological activities were evaluated. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to identify and quantify the active constituents of BFC and its five fractions, and the phytochemical composition of the best-performing fraction was then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Finally, a network pharmacology strategy based on the chemical profile of this fraction was applied to speculate its main hypoglycemic mechanism. Results revealed the excellent biological activities of BCF, especially the EtOAc fraction. In addition to the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (367.72 microg RE/mg E) and total phenolics content (TPC) (47.97 microg GAE/mg E), EtOAc showed the strongest DPPH scavenging ability (IC(50) value = 29.56 microg/mL), ABTS (+) scavenging ability (IC(50) value = 84.60 microg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (889.62 microg FeSO(4)/mg E), which were stronger than the positive control BHT. EtOAc also exhibited the second-best alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capacity and second-best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity with the IC(50) values of 2.85 and 3.27 mg/mL, respectively. Also, EtOAc inhibited HepG2, MCF-7, Raw264.7, and A549 cell with IC(50) values of 1.08, 1.62, 0.77, and 0.87 mg/mL, which were the second or third strongest in all fractions. Additionally, HPLC analysis revealed significant differences in the compounds' abundance between different fractions. Among them, EtOAc had the most detected compounds and the highest content. According to the results of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS, 38 compounds were identified in EtOAc, including 24 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids. Network pharmacological analysis further confirmed 41 potential targets of EtOAc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and intracellular receptor signaling pathways, unsaturated fatty acid, and DNA transcription pathways were the most possible mechanisms. These findings suggested that BCF was worthwhile to be developed as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic food/drug. Title: Characterization of a Chickpea Mutant Resistant to Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers. and Orobanche crenata Forsk Galili S, Hershenhorn J, Smirnov E, Yoneyama K, Xie X, Amir-Segev O, Bellalou A, Dor E Ref: Plants (Basel), 10:, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Galili_2021_Plants.(Basel)_10_ PubMedSearch: Galili 2021 Plants.(Basel) 10 PubMedID: 34961023 Abstract Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major pulse crop in Israel grown on about 3000 ha spread, from the Upper Galilee in the north to the North-Negev desert in the south. In the last few years, there has been a gradual increase in broomrape infestation in chickpea fields in all regions of Israel. Resistant chickpea cultivars would be simple and effective solution to control broomrape. Thus, to develop resistant cultivars we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant population of F01 variety (Kabuli type) for broomrape resistance. One of the mutant lines (CCD7M14) was found to be highly resistant to both Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata. The resistance mechanism is based on the inability of the mutant to produce strigolactones (SLs)-stimulants of broomrape seed germination. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed the SLs orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and didehydroorobanchol in root exudates of the wild type, but no SLs could be detected in the root exudates of CCD7M14. Sequence analyses revealed a point mutation (G-to-A transition at nucleotide position 210) in the Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) gene that is responsible for the production of key enzymes in the biosynthesis of SLs. This nonsense mutation resulted in a CCD7 stop codon at position 70 of the protein. The influences of the CCD7M14 mutation on chickpea phenotype and chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin content were characterized. Title: Key Metabolic Enzymes Involved in Remdesivir Activation in Human Lung Cells Li R, Liclican A, Xu Y, Pitts J, Niu C, Zhang J, Kim C, Zhao X, Soohoo D and Feng JY <14 more author(s)> Li R, Liclican A, Xu Y, Pitts J, Niu C, Zhang J, Kim C, Zhao X, Soohoo D, Babusis D, Yue Q, Ma B, Murray BP, Subramanian R, Xie X, Zou J, Bilello JP, Li L, Schultz BE, Sakowicz R, Smith BJ, Shi PY, Murakami E, Feng JY (- 14) Ref: Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, :AAC0060221, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2021_Antimicrob.Agents.Chemother__AAC0060221 PubMedSearch: Li 2021 Antimicrob.Agents.Chemother AAC0060221 PubMedID: 34125594 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Remdesivir Abstract Remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734; Veklury(a)), the first FDA-approved antiviral to treat COVID-19, is a single diastereomer monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue. RDV is taken up in the target cells and metabolized in multiple steps to form the active nucleoside triphosphate (TP) (GS-443902), which in turn acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of multiple viral RNA polymerases. In this report, we profiled the key enzymes involved in the RDV metabolic pathway with multiple parallel approaches: (1) bioinformatic analysis of nucleoside/tide metabolic enzyme mRNA expression using public human tissue and lung single-cell RNAseq datasets; (2) protein and mRNA quantification of enzymes in human lung tissue and primary lung cells; (3) biochemical studies on the catalytic rate of key enzymes; (4) effects of specific enzyme inhibitors on the GS-443902 formation; and (5) the effects of these inhibitors on RDV antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1). The monophosphate is then consecutively phosphorylated to diphosphate and triphosphate by cellular phosphotransferases. Our data support the hypothesis that the unique properties of RDV prodrug not only allow lung-specific accumulation critical for the treatment of respiratory viral infection such as COVID-19, they also enable efficient intracellular metabolism of RDV and its Met X to monophosphate and successive phosphorylation to form the active TP in disease-relevant cells. Title: Enhanced Secretory Expression and Surface Display Level of Bombyx mori Acetylcholinesterase 2 by Pichia pastoris Based on Codon Optimization Strategy for Pesticides Setection Li J, Xie X, Cai J, Wang H, Yang J Ref: Appl Biochem Biotechnol, :, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2021_Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol__ PubMedSearch: Li 2021 Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol PubMedID: 34160750 Abstract The cholinesterase-based spectrophotometric assay, also called enzyme inhibition method, is a good choice for rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and carbamate pesticides (CPs). Obviously, the cholinesterase is the core reagent in enzyme inhibition method. In our previous work, a recombinant acetylcholinesterase 2 from Bombyx mori (rBmAChE2) was expressed in yeast successfully and exhibited great sensitivity. However, the yield of rBmAChE2 is not desirable. In this study, a codon optimization strategy was employed to enhance the yield of rBmAChE2 in Pichia pastoris GS115. Results showed that by replacing 6 key rare codons and increasing the percentage of bases G and C up to 46.85%, codon adaptation index (CAI) of Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase 2 (bmace2) gene was improved from 0.70 to 0.81. After being transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 via electroporation, the expression transformant can produce 139.7 U/mL secretory codon-optimized rBmAChE2 (opt-rBmAChE2) in the culture supernatant, 3.62 times higher than that of strain bearing the wild-type bmace2 gene. Meanwhile, opt-rBmAChE2 displayed on the yeast surface was up to 2280.02 U/g, 2.8 times higher than wild-type displayed rBmAChE2. In addition, either secretory or surface-displayed opt-rBmAChE2 maintained the similar sensitivities to the wild-type rBmAChE2 for tested inhibitors. Furthermore, the detection limits of the opt-rBmAChE2-based enzyme inhibition method for 10 kinds of OPs or CPs (0.01-2.69 mg/kg) were lower than most of the indexes present in current standard method (GB/T 5009.199-2003) or the maximum residue limits (GB 2763-2019) in China. The results might contribute to the utilization of rBmAChE2 for pesticide residue screening detection in practice. Title: Fabrication of Bioresource-Derived Porous Carbon-Supported Iron as an Efficient Oxidase Mimic for Dual-Channel Biosensing Wang M, Zhou X, Wang S, Xie X, Wang Y, Su X Ref: Analytical Chemistry, :, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2021_Anal.Chem__ PubMedSearch: Wang 2021 Anal.Chem PubMedID: 33535742 Abstract Herein, we designed a new strategy for fabricating a renewable bioresource-derived N-doped hierarchical porous carbon-supported iron (Fe/NPC)-based oxidase mimic. The obtained results suggested that Fe/NPC possessed a large specific surface area (1144 m(2)/g) and pore volume (0.62 cm(3)/g) to afford extensive Fe-Nx active sites. Taking advantages of the remarkable oxidase-mimicking activity, outstanding stability, and reusability of Fe/NPC, a novel dual-channel biosensing system was strategically fabricated for sensitively determining acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through the integration of Fe/NPC and fluorescent silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) for the first time. The limits of detection for AChE can achieve as low as 0.0032 and 0.0073 U/L by the outputting fluorometric and colorimetric dual signals, respectively. Additionally, this dual-signal system was applied to analyze human erythrocyte AChE and its inhibitor with robust analytical performance. This work provides one sustainable and effective avenue to apply a bioresource for fabricating an Fe/NPC-based oxidase mimic with high catalytic performance and also gives new impetuses for developing novel biosensors by applying Fe/NPC-based enzyme mimics as substitutes for the natural enzyme. Title: Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract and Fractions: Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant, Enzymes (alpha-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Tyrosinase) Inhibitory, Anticancer, and Antidiabetic Activities Wang Z, Tu Z, Xie X, Cui H, Kong KW, Zhang L Ref: Foods, 10:, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2021_Foods_10_ PubMedSearch: Wang 2021 Foods 10 PubMedID: 33546380 Abstract This study aims to evaluate the bioactive components, in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo hypoglycemic effect of P. frutescens leaf, which is a traditional medicine-food homology plant. P. frutescens methanol crude extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and aqueous phase residue) were prepared by ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Among the samples, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the high total phenolic (440.48 microg GAE/mg DE) and flavonoid content (455.22 microg RE/mg DE), the best antioxidant activity (the DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power were 1.71, 1.14, 2.40, 1.29, and 2.4 times higher than that of control Vc, respectively), the most powerful alpha-glucosidase inhibitory ability with the IC(50) value of 190.03 microg/mL which was 2.2-folds higher than control acarbose, the strongest proliferative inhibitory ability against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell with the IC(50) values of 37.92 and 13.43 microg/mL, which were considerable with control cisplatin, as well as certain inhibition abilities on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. HPLC analysis showed that the luteolin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and catechin were the dominant components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction could significantly decrease the serum glucose level, food, and water intake of streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats, increase the body weight, modulate their serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, improve the histopathology and glycogen accumulation in liver and intestinal tissue. Taken together, P. frutescens leaf exhibits excellent hypoglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be exploited as a source of natural antidiabetic agent. Title: Evaluation and Quantification of Natural Strigolactones from Root Exudates Xie X, Yoneyama K, Nomura T Ref: Methods Mol Biol, 2309:3, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2021_Methods.Mol.Biol_2309_3 PubMedSearch: Xie 2021 Methods.Mol.Biol 2309 3 PubMedID: 34028674 Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) in the root exudates can be detected by germination assays with root parasitic weed seeds, but precise and accurate evaluation and quantification are possible only by chemical analysis with the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here we describe methods for root exudate collection, sample preparation, and LC-MS/MS analysis of SLs. Title: Cardiac-specific CGI-58 deficiency activates the ER stress pathway to promote heart failure in mice Xie X, Tie YF, Lai S, Zhang YL, Li HH, Liu Y Ref: Cell Death Dis, 12:1003, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2021_Cell.Death.Dis_12_1003 PubMedSearch: Xie 2021 Cell.Death.Dis 12 1003 PubMedID: 34702801 Abstract Excess myocardial triacylglycerol accumulation (i.e., cardiac steatosis) impairs heart function, suggesting that enzymes promoting triacylglycerol metabolism exert essential regulatory effects on heart function. Comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) is a key enzyme that promotes the hydrolysis of triglycerides by activating adipose triglyceride lipase and plays a protective role in maintaining heart function. In this study, the effects of CGI-58 on heart function and the underlying mechanism were investigated using cardiac-specific CGI58-knockout mice (CGI-58(cko) mice). Echocardiography and pathological staining were performed to detect changes in the structure and function of the heart. Proteomic profiling, immunofluorescent staining, western blotting, and real-time PCR were used to evaluate molecular changes. In CGI-58(cko) mice, we detected cardiac hypertrophic remodeling and heart failure associated with excessive cardiac lipid accumulation, ROS production, and decreased expression of regulators of fatty acid metabolism. These changes were markedly attenuated in CGI-58(cko) mice injected with rAAV9-CGI58. A quantitative proteomics analysis revealed significant increases in the expression of ER stress-related proteins and decreases in proteins related to fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in the hearts of CGI-58(cko) mice. Furthermore, the inhibition of ER stress by the inhibitor 4-PBA improved mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, and reversed cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in cultured cardiomyocytes or in CGI-58(cko) mice. Our results suggested that CGI-58 is essential for the maintenance of heart function by reducing lipid accumulation and ER stress in cardiomyocytes, providing a new therapeutic target for cardiac steatosis and dysfunction. Title: Strigolactone biosynthesis catalyzed by cytochrome P450 and sulfotransferase in sorghum Yoda A, Mori N, Akiyama K, Kikuchi M, Xie X, Miura K, Yoneyama K, Sato-Izawa K, Yamaguchi S and Nomura T <1 more author(s)> Yoda A, Mori N, Akiyama K, Kikuchi M, Xie X, Miura K, Yoneyama K, Sato-Izawa K, Yamaguchi S, Nelson DC, Nomura T (- 1) Ref: New Phytol, 232:1999, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoda_2021_New.Phytol_232_1999 PubMedSearch: Yoda 2021 New.Phytol 232 1999 PubMedID: 34525227 Abstract Root parasitic plants such as Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche spp. cause serious damage to crop production world-wide. Deletion of the Low Germination Stimulant 1 (LGS1) gene gives a Striga-resistance trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). The LGS1 gene encodes a sulfotransferase-like protein, but its function has not been elucidated. Since the profile of strigolactones (SLs) that induce seed germination in root parasitic plants is altered in the lgs1 mutant, LGS1 is thought to be an SL biosynthetic enzyme. In order to clarify the enzymatic function of LGS1, we looked for candidate SL substrates that accumulate in the lgs1 mutants and performed in vivo and in vitro metabolism experiments. We found the SL precursor 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid (18-OH-CLA) is a substrate for LGS1. CYP711A cytochrome P450 enzymes (SbMAX1 proteins) in sorghum produce 18-OH-CLA. When LGS1 and SbMAX1 coding sequences were co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana with the upstream SL biosynthesis genes from sorghum, the canonical SLs 5-deoxystrigol and 4-deoxyorobanchol were produced. This finding showed that LGS1 in sorghum uses a sulfo group to catalyze leaving of a hydroxyl group and cyclization of 18-OH-CLA. A similar SL biosynthetic pathway has not been found in other plant species. Title: Major components in the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2-ligand signaling pathway are conserved in the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha Mizuno Y, Komatsu A, Shimazaki S, Xie X, Ishizaki K, Naramoto S, Kyozuka J Ref: Biorxiv, 11.17.387852:, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Mizuno_2020_Biorxiv__ PubMedSearch: Mizuno 2020 Biorxiv Abstract KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) was first identified in Arabidopsis thaliana as a receptor of karrikin, a smoke-derived germination stimulant. KAI2 is also considered a receptor of an unidentified endogenous molecule called the KAI2-ligand (KL). Upon KAI2 activation, signals are transmitted through degradation of D53/SMXL proteins via ubiquitination by a Skp-Cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. All components in the KL signaling pathway exist in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, namely MpKAI2A and MpKAI2B, MpMAX2 encoding the F-box protein, and MpSMXL, indicating that the signaling pathway became functional in the common ancestor of bryophytes and seed plants. Genetic analysis using knock-out mutants of these KL signaling genes, produced using the CRISPR system, indicated that MpKAI2A, MpMAX2 and MpSMXL act in the same genetic pathway and control early gemma growth. Introduction of MpSMXLd53, in which a domain required for degradation is mutated, into wild-type plants caused phenotypes resembling those of the Mpkai2a and Mpmax2 mutants. In addition, Citrine fluorescence was detected in tobacco cells transiently transformed with the 35S:MpSMXL-Citrine gene construct and treated with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. On the other hand, introduction of 35S:MpSMXLd53-Citrine conferred Citrine fluorescence without MG132 treatment. These findings imply that MpSMXL is subjected to degradation, and that degradation of MpSMXL is crucial for KL signaling in M. polymorpha. We also showed that MpSMXL is negatively regulated by KL signaling. Taken together, this study demonstrates that basic mechanisms in the KL signaling pathway are conserved in M. polymorpha. Title: Chemical identification of 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid as an LjMAX1 product and in planta conversion of its methyl ester to canonical and non-canonical strigolactones in Lotus japonicus Mori N, Sado A, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Asami K, Seto Y, Nomura T, Yamaguchi S, Akiyama K Ref: Phytochemistry, 174:112349, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Mori_2020_Phytochemistry_174_112349 PubMedSearch: Mori 2020 Phytochemistry 174 112349 PubMedID: 32213359 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: MeCLA, Carlactonoic-acid Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of plant apocarotenoids that act as rhizosphere signaling molecules for both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasitic plants. They also regulate plant architecture as phytohormones. The model legume Lotus japonicus (synonym of Lotus corniculatus) produces canonical 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) and non-canonical lotuslactone (LL). The biosynthesis pathways of the two SLs remain elusive. In this study, we characterized the L. japonicus MAX1 homolog, LjMAX1, found in the Lotus japonicus genome assembly build 2.5. The L. japonicus max1 LORE1 insertion mutant was deficient in 5DS and LL production. A recombinant LjMAX1 protein expressed in yeast microsomes converted carlactone (CL) to 18-hydroxycarlactonoic acid (18-OH-CLA) via carlactonoic acid (CLA). Identity of 18-OH-CLA was confirmed by comparison of the methyl ester derivative of the MAX1 product with chemically synthesized methyl 18-hydroycarlactonoate (18-OH-MeCLA) using LC-MS/MS. (11R)-CL was detected as an endogenous compound in the root of L. japonicus.(13)C-labeled CL, CLA, and 18-OH-MeCLA were converted to [(13)C]-5DS and LL in plant feeding experiments using L. japonicus WT. These results showed that LjMAX1 is the crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of Lotus SLs and that 18-hydroxylated carlactonoates are possible precursors for SL biosynthesis in L. japonicus. Title: Hydroxyl carlactone derivatives are predominant strigolactones in Arabidopsis Yoneyama K, Akiyama K, Brewer PB, Mori N, Kawano-Kawada M, Haruta S, Nishiwaki H, Yamauchi S, Xie X and Nomura T <2 more author(s)> Yoneyama K, Akiyama K, Brewer PB, Mori N, Kawano-Kawada M, Haruta S, Nishiwaki H, Yamauchi S, Xie X, Umehara M, Beveridge CA, Nomura T (- 2) Ref: Plant Direct, 4:e00219, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoneyama_2020_Plant.Direct_4_e00219 PubMedSearch: Yoneyama 2020 Plant.Direct 4 e00219 PubMedID: 32399509 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Carlactonoic-acid Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) regulate important aspects of plant growth and stress responses. Many diverse types of SL occur in plants, but a complete picture of biosynthesis remains unclear. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we have demonstrated that MAX1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, converts carlactone (CL) into carlactonoic acid (CLA) and that LBO, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, can convert methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA) into a metabolite called [MeCLA + 16 Da]. In the present study, feeding experiments with deuterated MeCLAs revealed that [MeCLA + 16 Da] is hydroxymethyl carlactonoate (1'-HO-MeCLA). Importantly, this LBO metabolite was detected in plants. Interestingly, other related compounds, methyl 4-hydroxycarlactonoate (4-HO-MeCLA) and methyl 16-hydroxycarlactonoate (16-HO-MeCLA), were also found to accumulate in lbo mutants. 3-HO-, 4-HO-, and 16-HO-CL were detected in plants, but their expected corresponding metabolites, HO-CLAs, were absent in max1 mutants. These results suggest that HO-CL derivatives may be predominant SLs in Arabidopsis, produced through MAX1 and LBO. Title: Characterization of enzymatically interesterified palm oil-based fats and its potential application as cocoa butter substitute Zhang Z, Song J, Lee WJ, Xie X, Wang Y Ref: Food Chem, 318:126518, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2020_Food.Chem_318_126518 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2020 Food.Chem 318 126518 PubMedID: 32151925 Abstract Cocoa butter substitutes (CBS) used for chocolate preparation was produced using a mixture of palm kernel oil (PKO) and enzymatically interesterified fats. The interesterified fats consisted of palm olein (POL), fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO) and PKO that were catalyzed using Lipozyme TL IM at 65 degreeC in a solvent-free packed bed reactor. An interesterification degree of 97.10% was obtained using feed flow rate of 70 mL/min and the interesterified fats showed steep solid fat content (SFC) curve characteristics with low SFC at high temperature. In the binary system, PKO and the interesterified fats showed good compatibility at 5-10 degreeC, while eutectic effects were observed at 15-35 degreeC. CBS produced from PKO and the interesterified fats in a mass ratio of 4:6 (CBS-46) and 3:7 (CBS-37) had crystals formed prominently in the beta' form. Without the need of a tempering process, chocolate made using CBS-46 as the base oil exhibited the desired properties in terms of hardness and fracturability. Title: Donepezil, a drug for Alzheimer's disease, promotes oligodendrocyte generation and remyelination Cui X, Guo YE, Fang JH, Shi CJ, Suo N, Zhang R, Xie X Ref: Acta Pharmacol Sin, 40:1386, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Cui_2019_Acta.Pharmacol.Sin_40_1386 PubMedSearch: Cui 2019 Acta.Pharmacol.Sin 40 1386 PubMedID: 30918344 Abstract Myelin sheaths play important roles in neuronal functions. In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs), which are differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). In CNS demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the myelin sheaths are damaged and the remyelination process is hindered. Small molecule drugs that promote OPC to OL differentiation and remyelination may provide a new way to treat these demyelinating diseases. Here we report that donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), significantly promotes OPC to OL differentiation. Interestingly, other AChEIs, including huperzine A, rivastigmine, and tacrine, have no such effect, indicating that donepezil's effect in promoting OPC differentiation is not dependent on the inhibition of AChE. Donepezil also facilitates the formation of myelin sheaths in OPC-DRG neuron co-culture. More interestingly, donepezil also promotes the repair of the myelin sheaths in vivo and provides significant therapeutic effect in a cuprizone-mediated demyelination animal model. Donepezil is a drug that has been used to treat AD safely for many years; our findings suggest that it might be repurposed to treat CNS demyelinating diseases such as MS by promoting OPC to OL differentiation and remyelination. Title: ABHD5 blunts the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to fluorouracil via promoting autophagic uracil yield Ou J, Peng Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Hao J, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Xie X and Liang H <8 more author(s)> Ou J, Peng Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Hao J, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Xie X, Wu S, Zha L, Luo X, Xie G, Wang L, Sun W, Zhou Q, Li J, Liang H (- 8) Ref: Nat Commun, 10:1078, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Ou_2019_Nat.Commun_10_1078 PubMedSearch: Ou 2019 Nat.Commun 10 1078 PubMedID: 30842415 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-ABHD5 Abstract The efficacy of Fluorouracil (FU) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is greatly limited by drug resistance. Autophagy has been implicated in chemoresistance, but the role of selective autophagic degradation in regulating chemoresistance remains unknown. In this study, we revealed a critical role of ABHD5 in charging CRC sensitivity to FU via regulating autophagic uracil yield. We demonstrated that ABHD5 localizes to lysosome and interacts with PDIA5 to prevent PDIA5 from interacting with RNASET2 and inactivating RNASET2. ABHD5 deficiency releases PDIA5 to directly interact with RNASET2 and leave RNASET2 in an inactivate state, which impairs RNASET2-mediated autophagic uracil yield and promotes CRC cells to uptake FU as an exogenous uracil, thus increasing their sensitivity to FU. Our findings for the first time reveal a novel role of ABHD5 in regulating lysosome function, highlighting the significance of ABHD5 as a compelling biomarker predicting the sensitivity of CRCs to FU-based chemotherapy. Title: Lotuslactone, a non-canonical strigolactone from Lotus japonicus Xie X, Mori N, Yoneyama K, Nomura T, Uchida K, Akiyama K Ref: Phytochemistry, 157:200, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2019_Phytochemistry_157_200 PubMedSearch: Xie 2019 Phytochemistry 157 200 PubMedID: 30439621 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Avenaol, MeCLA Abstract Root exudates from Lotus japonicus were found to contain at least three different hyphal branching-inducing compounds for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Gigaspora margarita, one of which had been previously identified as (+)-5-deoxystrigol (5DS), a canonical strigolactone (SL). One of the two remaining unknown hyphal branching inducers was purified and named lotuslactone. Its structure was determined as methyl (E)-2-(3-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazulen-2-yl)-3-(((R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)acrylate, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI- and EI-MS. Although lotuslactone, a non-canonical SL, contains the AB-ring and the enol ether-bridged D-ring, it lacks the C-ring and has a seven-membered cycloheptadiene in the A-ring part as in medicaol, a major SL of Medicago truncatula. Lotuslactone was much less active than 5DS, but showed comparable activity to methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA) in inducing hyphal branching of G. margarita. Other natural non-canonical SLs including avenaol, heliolactone, and zealactone (methyl zealactonoate) were also found to be moderate to weak inducers of hyphal branching in the AM fungus. Lotuslactone strongly elicited seed germination in Phelipanche ramosa and Orobanche minor, but Striga hermonthica seeds were 100-fold less sensitive to this stimulant. Title: Sevoflurane-induced inflammation development: involvement of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway Yin J, Zhao X, Wang L, Xie X, Geng H, Zhan X, Teng J Ref: Behav Pharmacol, 30:730, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Yin_2019_Behav.Pharmacol_30_730 PubMedSearch: Yin 2019 Behav.Pharmacol 30 730 PubMedID: 31625977 Abstract Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the mechanisms underpinning the development of anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, less is known about how anesthesia causes inflammation. One possibility is that the inflammation is related to alteration of the activity of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This study analyzed the effect of sevoflurane administration on the cognitive function by using a novel object recognition test and Y-maze test, and on acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in hippocampal tissue by using an acetylcholinesterase assay kit and quantitative real-time PCR. This study also evaluated the effect of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PNU-282987 and antagonist methyllycaconitine on cognitive function and the level of hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-alpha in aged rats exposed to sevoflurane anesthesia. We found that 3% sevoflurane significantly impaired cognitive function and increased acetylcholinesterase activity by upregulating its expression in hippocampal tissue. Sevoflurane-induced impairment of cognitive function was significantly rescued by PNU-282987 but aggravated by methyllycaconitine. In addition to impairment of cognitive function, sevoflurane also significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma and hippocampal tissue. Similarly, this sevoflurane-induced change of tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in rats was antagonized by PNU-282987 but amplified by methyllycaconitine. In conclusion, our data show that the development of inflammation in sevoflurane-induced cognitive decline is associated with the downregulation of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in aged rats. Title: Regulation of biosynthesis, perception, and functions of strigolactones for promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and managing root parasitic weeds Yoneyama K, Xie X, Nomura T, Takahashi I, Asami T, Mori N, Akiyama K, Kusajima M, Nakashita H Ref: Pest Manag Sci, 75:2353, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoneyama_2019_Pest.Manag.Sci_75_2353 PubMedSearch: Yoneyama 2019 Pest.Manag.Sci 75 2353 PubMedID: 30843315 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: XM-47, 2-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development as plant hormones, and in rhizosphere communications with symbiotic microbes and also root parasitic weeds. Therefore, sophisticated regulation of the biosynthesis, perception and functions of SLs is expected to promote symbiosis of beneficial microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and also to retard parasitism by devastating root parasitic weeds. We have developed SL mimics with different skeletons, SL biosynthesis inhibitors acting at different biosynthetic steps, SL perception inhibitors that covalently bind to the SL receptor D14, and SL function inhibitors that bind to the serine residue at the catalytic site. In greenhouse pot tests, TIS108, an azole-type SL biosynthesis inhibitor effectively reduced numbers of attached root parasites Orobanche minor and Striga hermonthica without affecting their host plants; tomato and rice, respectively. AM colonization resulted in weak but distinctly enhanced plant resistance to pathogens. SL mimics can be used to promote AM symbiosis and to reduce the application rate of systemic-acquired resistance inducers which are generally phytotoxic to horticultural crops. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry. Title: Interesterification of rice bran wax and palm olein catalyzed by lipase: Crystallization behaviours and characterization Zhang Z, Ye J, Fei T, Ma X, Xie X, Huang H, Wang Y Ref: Food Chem, 286:29, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2019_Food.Chem_286_29 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2019 Food.Chem 286 29 PubMedID: 30827609 Abstract Rice bran wax (RBW) is a traditional plant based natural wax and an increasingly popular component in textiles, fruit coatings and cosmetics. Properties of RBW can be modified by acyglycerols, and the resulting products can possess features with great potential in different applications. In this study, RBW was interesterified with palm olein (POL) catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM, and the effects of RBW on the crystallization rate, solid fat content (SFC) and thermodynamic properties were investigated. The crystallization rates of RBW-based enzymatically interesterified (EIE) products were significantly higher than both the starting mixture and fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil (FHRSO). The EIE RBW-based samples were predominantly crystallized in beta' form, and presented a much smoother SFC profile as compared to physically blended raw materials. The SFC values were significantly decreased, conversely increased, and remained constant, and at 10 degreeC, 20-30 degreeC, and 35-40 degreeC as the wax ester and acylglycerols compositions changes. Overall, RBW-based samples after EIE showed an increased hardness and good surface properties, which make it a potential plastic fats substitute. Title: Guided Evolution of Recombinant Bombyx mori Acetylcholinesterase II by Homology Modeling to Change Pesticide Sensitivity Cai J, Wang B, Li J, Chen Z, Rao M, Muyldermans S, Hua X, Xie X, Wang H and Sun Y <3 more author(s)> Cai J, Wang B, Li J, Chen Z, Rao M, Muyldermans S, Hua X, Xie X, Wang H, Yang J, Xu Z, Shen Y, Sun Y (- 3) Ref: Int J Mol Sci, 19:, 2018 : PubMed Title: A low trans margarine fat analog to beef tallow for healthier formulations: Optimization of enzymatic interesterification using soybean oil and fully hydrogenated palm oil Li Y, Zhao J, Xie X, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Wang Y Ref: Food Chem, 255:405, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2018_Food.Chem_255_405 PubMedSearch: Li 2018 Food.Chem 255 405 PubMedID: 29571493 Abstract The health hazard of tallow and partial hydrogenated oils is well known in margarine productions. For this, food manufactures are urged to develop novel alternatives for healthier margarine formulations. The highest interesterification degree acquired with lipase Lipozyme 435 standing out from other catalysts (solid acid, sodium hydroxide and methoxide) was applied to produce low trans margarine fat analogs to beef tallow (BT) with the blend of soybean oil (SO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO) in a mass ratio of 4:3. Reaction parameters like enzyme dosage (4.2 wt%), temperature (95 degreeC) and time (245 min) were optimized using the Box-Behnken design. Regarding fatty acid profiles, triacylglycerol species, solid fat content, polymorphism, melting and crystallization behaviors, the resulting interesterified oil was characterized in comparison with BT, FHPO and the SO-FHPO blend so as to prove its potential in formulating low trans fat margarines because of desirable physicochemical properties and polymorphs. Title: Conversion of carlactone to carlactonoic acid is a conserved function of MAX1 homologs in strigolactone biosynthesis Yoneyama K, Mori N, Sato T, Yoda A, Xie X, Okamoto M, Iwanaga M, Ohnishi T, Nishiwaki H and Nomura T <3 more author(s)> Yoneyama K, Mori N, Sato T, Yoda A, Xie X, Okamoto M, Iwanaga M, Ohnishi T, Nishiwaki H, Asami T, Yokota T, Akiyama K, Nomura T (- 3) Ref: New Phytol, 218:1522, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoneyama_2018_New.Phytol_218_1522 PubMedSearch: Yoneyama 2018 New.Phytol 218 1522 PubMedID: 29479714 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Carlactonoic-acid Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones which regulate shoot branching and function as host recognition signals for symbionts and parasites in the rhizosphere. However, steps in SL biosynthesis after carlactone (CL) formation remain elusive. This study elucidated the common and diverse functions of MAX1 homologs which catalyze CL oxidation. We have reported previously that ArabidopsisMAX1 converts CL to carlactonoic acid (CLA), whereas a rice MAX1 homolog has been shown to catalyze the conversion of CL to 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO). To determine which reaction is conserved in the plant kingdom, we investigated the enzymatic function of MAX1 homologs in Arabidopsis, rice, maize, tomato, poplar and Selaginella moellendorffii. The conversion of CL to CLA was found to be a common reaction catalyzed by MAX1 homologs, and MAX1s can be classified into three types: A1-type, converting CL to CLA; A2-type, converting CL to 4DO via CLA; and A3-type, converting CL to CLA and 4DO to orobanchol. CLA was detected in root exudates from poplar and Selaginella, but not ubiquitously in other plants examined in this study, suggesting its role as a species-specific signal in the rhizosphere. This study provides new insights into the roles of MAX1 in endogenous and rhizosphere signaling. Title: Which are the major players, canonical or non-canonical strigolactones? Yoneyama K, Xie X, Kisugi T, Nomura T, Nakatani Y, Akiyama K, McErlean CSP Ref: J Exp Bot, 69:2231, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoneyama_2018_J.Exp.Bot_69_2231 PubMedSearch: Yoneyama 2018 J.Exp.Bot 69 2231 PubMedID: 29522151 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Carlactonoic-acid Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) can be classified into two structurally distinct groups: canonical and non-canonical SLs. Canonical SLs contain the ABCD ring system, and non-canonical SLs lack the A, B, or C ring but have the enol ether-D ring moiety, which is essential for biological activities. The simplest non-canonical SL is the SL biosynthetic intermediate carlactone. In plants, carlactone and its oxidized metabolites, such as carlactonoic acid and methyl carlactonoate, are present in root and shoot tissues. In some plant species, including black oat (Avena strigosa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and maize (Zea mays), non-canonical SLs in the root exudates are major germination stimulants. Various plant species, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Arabidopsis, and poplar (Populus spp.), release carlactonoic acid into the rhizosphere. These observations suggest that both canonical and non-canonical SLs act as host-recognition signals in the rhizosphere. In contrast, the limited distribution of canonical SLs in the plant kingdom, and the structure-specific and stereospecific transportation of canonical SLs from roots to shoots, suggest that plant hormones inhibiting shoot branching are not canonical SLs but, rather, are non-canonical SLs. Title: TRPA1 channel mediates organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy Ding Q, Fang S, Chen X, Wang Y, Li J, Tian F, Xu X, Attali B, Xie X, Gao Z Ref: Cell Discov, 3:17024, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Ding_2017_Cell.Discov_3_17024 PubMedSearch: Ding 2017 Cell.Discov 3 17024 PubMedID: 28894590 Abstract The organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), often leads to paresthesias, ataxia and paralysis, occurs in the late-stage of acute poisoning or after repeated exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides or nerve agents, and may contribute to the Gulf War Syndrome. The acute phase of OP poisoning is often attributed to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. However, the underlying mechanism for the delayed neuropathy remains unknown and no treatment is available. Here we demonstrate that TRPA1 channel (Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) mediates OPIDN. A variety of OPs, exemplified by malathion, activates TRPA1 but not other neuronal TRP channels. Malathion increases the intracellular calcium levels and upregulates the excitability of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Mice with repeated exposures to malathion also develop local tissue nerve injuries and pain-related behaviors, which resembles OPIDN. Both the neuropathological changes and the nocifensive behaviors can be attenuated by treatment of TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 or abolished by knockout of Trpa1 gene. In the classic hens OPIDN model, malathion causes nerve injuries and ataxia to a similar level as the positive inducer tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which also activates TRPA1 channel. Treatment with HC030031 reduces the damages caused by malathion or tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. Duloxetine and Ketotifen, two commercially available drugs exhibiting TRPA1 inhibitory activity, show neuroprotective effects against OPIDN and might be used in emergency situations. The current study suggests TRPA1 is the major mediator of OPIDN and targeting TRPA1 is an effective way for the treatment of OPIDN. Title: ABHD5 interacts with BECN1 to regulate autophagy and tumorigenesis of colon cancer independent of PNPLA2 Peng Y, Miao H, Wu S, Yang W, Zhang Y, Xie G, Xie X, Li J, Shi C and Ou J <4 more author(s)> Peng Y, Miao H, Wu S, Yang W, Zhang Y, Xie G, Xie X, Li J, Shi C, Ye L, Sun W, Wang L, Liang H, Ou J (- 4) Ref: Autophagy, 12:2167, 2016 : PubMed ESTHER: Peng_2016_Autophagy_12_2167 PubMedSearch: Peng 2016 Autophagy 12 2167 PubMedID: 27559856 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-ABHD5 Abstract Autophagy critically contributes to metabolic reprogramming and chromosomal stability. It has been reported that monoallelic loss of the essential autophagy gene BECN1 (encoding BECN1/Beclin 1) promotes cancer development and progression. However, the mechanism by which BECN1 is inactivated in malignancy remains largely elusive. We have previously reported a tumor suppressor role of ABHD5 (abhydrolase domain containing 5), a co-activator of PNPLA2 (patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Here we report a noncanonical role of ABHD5 in regulating autophagy and CRC tumorigenesis. ABHD5 directly competes with CASP3 for binding to the cleavage sites of BECN1, and consequently prevents BECN1 from being cleaved by CASP3. ABHD5 deficiency provides CASP3 an advantage to cleave and inactivate BECN1, thus impairing BECN1-induced autophagic flux and augmenting genomic instability, which subsequently promotes tumorigenesis. Notably, clinical data also confirm that ABHD5 proficiency is significantly correlated with the expression levels of BECN1, LC3-II and CASP3 in human CRC tissues. Our findings suggest that ABHD5 possesses a PNPLA2-independent function in regulating autophagy and tumorigenesis, further establishing the tumor suppressor role of ABHD5, and offering an opportunity to develop new approaches aimed at preventing CRC carcinogenesis. Title: Strigolactones are required for nitric oxide to induce root elongation in response to nitrogen and phosphate deficiencies in rice Sun H, Bi Y, Tao J, Huang S, Hou M, Xue R, Liang Z, Gu P, Yoneyama K and Zhang Y <3 more author(s)> Sun H, Bi Y, Tao J, Huang S, Hou M, Xue R, Liang Z, Gu P, Yoneyama K, Xie X, Shen Q, Xu G, Zhang Y (- 3) Ref: Plant Cell Environ, 39:1473, 2016 : PubMed ESTHER: Sun_2016_Plant.Cell.Environ_39_1473 PubMedSearch: Sun 2016 Plant.Cell.Environ 39 1473 PubMedID: 27194103 Abstract The response of the root system architecture to nutrient deficiencies is critical for sustainable agriculture. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a key regulator of root growth, although the mechanisms remain unknown. Phenotypic, cellular and genetic analyses were undertaken in rice to explore the role of NO in regulating root growth and strigolactone (SL) signalling under nitrogen-deficient and phosphate-deficient conditions (LN and LP). LN-induced and LP-induced seminal root elongation paralleled NO production in root tips. NO played an important role in a shared pathway of LN-induced and LP-induced root elongation via increased meristem activity. Interestingly, no responses of root elongation were observed in SL d mutants compared with wild-type plants, although similar NO accumulation was induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application. Application of abamine (the SL inhibitor) reduced seminal root length and pCYCB1;1::GUS expression induced by SNP application in wild type; furthermore, comparison with wild type showed lower SL-signalling genes in nia2 mutants under control and LN treatments and similar under SNP application. Western blot analysis revealed that NO, similar to SL, triggered proteasome-mediated degradation of D53 protein levels. Therefore, we presented a novel signalling pathway in which NO-activated seminal root elongation under LN and LP conditions, with the involvement of SLs. Title: Cloning of two carboxylesterase cDNAs from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus: Molecular evidences for their putative roles in methyl farnesotae degradation Tao T, Xie X, Liu M, Jiang Q, Zhu D Ref: Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology B Biochem Mol Biol, 203:100, 2016 : PubMed ESTHER: Tao_2016_Comp.Biochem.Physiol.B.Biochem.Mol.Biol_203_100 PubMedSearch: Tao 2016 Comp.Biochem.Physiol.B.Biochem.Mol.Biol 203 100 PubMedID: 27720728 Gene_locus related to this paper: portr-a0a1i9kj57, portr-a0a1i9ky23 Abstract The sesquiterpenoid methyl farnesoate (MF) is the unepoxidized form of insect juvenile hormone (JH) III, and is considered an equivalent of JH in crustaceans. Degradation of MF is similar to that of JH which occurs through ester hydrolysis by specific carboxylesterases (CXEs). In this study, the full-length cDNAs of two JH esterase-like CXEs were cloned from the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. The predicted amino acid sequences of the two PtCXEs contain the conserved motifs including catalytic triad and oxyanion hole, which are the hallmark of the CXE family proteins. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the two PtCXEs may belong to the hormone/semiochemical processing group of CXE family, indicating their possible roles on metabolism of hormones. Transcripts of both PtCXEs were most abundant in hepatopancreas and the PtCXE2 was also highly expressed in ovary. The mRNA levels of two PtCXEs in hepatopancreas were induced by in vivo MF treatment and eyestalk ablation, further indicating their potential in degrading MF. However, during the ovarian maturation, expression of the two PtCXEs increased significantly in the early-vitellogenic stage, prior to the remarkable rise in hemolymph MF titer reported by our previous studies. Taken together, our results suggest that the two PtCXEs can potentially serve as the MF esterases, but their catalytic activity may not be restricted to MF. Title: Schizandrin ameliorates ovariectomy-induced memory impairment, potentiates neurotransmission and exhibits antioxidant properties Jiang ZJ, Wang CY, Xie X, Yang JF, Huang JN, Cao ZP, Xiao P, Li CH Ref: British Journal of Pharmacology, 172:2479, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2015_Br.J.Pharmacol_172_2479 PubMedSearch: Jiang 2015 Br.J.Pharmacol 172 2479 PubMedID: 25573619 Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Schizandrin (SCH) has been reported to prevent or reduce learning and memory defects. However, it is not known whether SCH ameliorates cognitive impairments induced by oestrogen deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SCH on memory in ovariectomized (OVX) and non-OVX rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A passive avoidance test was used to evaluate the effect of SCH on memory. Field EPSPs were recorded in hippocampal slices using an electrophysiological method. In OVX rats, biochemical parameters in the bilateral hippocampus were measured; these included superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and AChE. Also, the number of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive neurons was counted by NADPH-d histochemistry staining technique. KEY Title: Carlactone is converted to carlactonoic acid by MAX1 in Arabidopsis and its methyl ester can directly interact with AtD14 in vitro Abe S, Sado A, Tanaka K, Kisugi T, Asami K, Ota S, Kim HI, Yoneyama K, Xie X and Nomura T <4 more author(s)> Abe S, Sado A, Tanaka K, Kisugi T, Asami K, Ota S, Kim HI, Yoneyama K, Xie X, Ohnishi T, Seto Y, Yamaguchi S, Akiyama K, Nomura T (- 4) Ref: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111:18084, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Abe_2014_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_111_18084 PubMedSearch: Abe 2014 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 111 18084 PubMedID: 25425668 Gene_locus related to this paper: arath-AtD14 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: MeCLA, Carlactonoic-acid Abstract Strigolactones (SLs) stimulate seed germination of root parasitic plants and induce hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. In addition, they have been classified as a new group of plant hormones essential for shoot branching inhibition. It has been demonstrated thus far that SLs are derived from carotenoid via a biosynthetic precursor carlactone (CL), which is produced by sequential reactions of DWARF27 (D27) enzyme and two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases CCD7 and CCD8. We previously found an extreme accumulation of CL in the more axillary growth1 (max1) mutant of Arabidopsis, which exhibits increased lateral inflorescences due to SL deficiency, indicating that CL is a probable substrate for MAX1 (CYP711A1), a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. To elucidate the enzymatic function of MAX1 in SL biosynthesis, we incubated CL with a recombinant MAX1 protein expressed in yeast microsomes. MAX1 catalyzed consecutive oxidations at C-19 of CL to convert the C-19 methyl group into carboxylic acid, 9-desmethyl-9-carboxy-CL [designated as carlactonoic acid (CLA)]. We also identified endogenous CLA and its methyl ester [methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA)] in Arabidopsis plants using LC-MS/MS. Although an exogenous application of either CLA or MeCLA suppressed the growth of lateral inflorescences of the max1 mutant, MeCLA, but not CLA, interacted with Arabidopsis thaliana DWARF14 (AtD14) protein, a putative SL receptor, as shown by differential scanning fluorimetry and hydrolysis activity tests. These results indicate that not only known SLs but also MeCLA are biologically active in inhibiting shoot branching in Arabidopsis. Title: Low strigolactone root exudation: a novel mechanism of broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) resistance available for faba bean breeding Fernandez-Aparicio M, Kisugi T, Xie X, Rubiales D, Yoneyama K Ref: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62:7063, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Fernandez-Aparicio_2014_J.Agric.Food.Chem_62_7063 PubMedSearch: Fernandez-Aparicio 2014 J.Agric.Food.Chem 62 7063 PubMedID: 24974726 Abstract Faba bean yield is severely constrained in the Mediterranean region and Middle East by the parasitic weeds Orobanche crenata, O. foetida, and Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Seed germination of these weeds is triggered upon recognition of host root exudates. Only recently faba bean accessions have been identified with resistance based in low induction of parasitic seed germination, but the underlying mechanism was not identified. Strigolactones are a group of terpenoid lactones involved in the host recognition by parasitic plants. Our LC-MS/MS analysis of root exudates of the susceptible accession Prothabon detected orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and a novel germination stimulant. A time course analysis indicated that their concentration increased with plant age. However, low or undetectable amounts of these germination stimulants were detected in root exudates of the resistant lines Quijote and Navio at all plant ages. A time course analysis of seed germination induced by root exudates of each faba bean accession indicated important differences in the ability to stimulate parasitic germination. Results presented here show that resistance to parasitic weeds based on low strigolactone exudation does exist within faba bean germplasm. Therefore, selection for this trait is feasible in a breeding program. The remarkable fact that low induction of germination is similarly operative against O. crenata, O. foetida, and P. aegyptiaca reinforces the value of this resistance. Title: Endothelial Lipase-384A/C Polymorphism Is Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Lipid Status in Elderly Uygur Patients in Xinjiang Huang D, Xie X, Ma YT, Huang Y, Ma X Ref: Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 18:781, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Huang_2014_Genet.Test.Mol.Biomarkers_18_781 PubMedSearch: Huang 2014 Genet.Test.Mol.Biomarkers 18 781 PubMedID: 25291260 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the endothelial lipase (EL) gene promoter -384A/C polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and lipid status in elderly Uygur patients in Xinjiang. Title: Surface Display and Bioactivity of Bombyx mori Acetylcholinesterase on Pichia pastoris Dong JX, Xie X, He YS, Beier RC, Sun YM, Xu ZL, Wu WJ, Shen YD, Xiao ZL and Yang JY <2 more author(s)> Dong JX, Xie X, He YS, Beier RC, Sun YM, Xu ZL, Wu WJ, Shen YD, Xiao ZL, Lai LN, Wang H, Yang JY (- 2) Ref: PLoS ONE, 8:e70451, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Dong_2013_PLoS.One_8_e70451 PubMedSearch: Dong 2013 PLoS.One 8 e70451 PubMedID: 23940577 Abstract A Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) cell surface display system of Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase (BmAChE) was constructed and its bioactivity was studied. The modified Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase gene (bmace) was fused with the anchor protein (AGalpha1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and transformed into P. pastoris strain GS115. The recombinant strain harboring the fusion gene bmace-AGalpha1 was induced to display BmAChE on the P. pastoris cell surface. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assays revealed that the BmAChE was successfully displayed on the cell surface of P. pastoris GS115. The enzyme activity of the displayed BmAChE was detected by the Ellman method at 787.7 U/g (wet cell weight). In addition, bioactivity of the displayed BmAChE was verified by inhibition tests conducted with eserine, and with carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides. The displayed BmAChE had an IC50 of 4.17x10(-8) M and was highly sensitive to eserine and five carbamate pesticides, as well as seven organophosphorus pesticides. Results suggest that the displayed BmAChE had good bioactivity. Title: Confirming stereochemical structures of strigolactones produced by rice and tobacco Xie X, Yoneyama K, Kisugi T, Uchida K, Ito S, Akiyama K, Hayashi H, Yokota T, Nomura T Ref: Mol Plant, 6:153, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2013_Mol.Plant_6_153 PubMedSearch: Xie 2013 Mol.Plant 6 153 PubMedID: 23204500 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Solanacyl-acetate, Solanacol Abstract Major strigolactones (SLs) produced by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Michinoku No. 1) were purified and their stereochemical structures were determined by comparing with optically pure synthetic standards for their NMR and CD data and retention times and mass fragmentations in ESI-LC/MS and GC-MS. SLs purified from root exudates of rice plants were orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol. In addition to these SLs, 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate and the putative three methoxy-5-deoxystrigol isomers were detected by LC-MS/MS. The production of 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate seemed to occur in the early growth stage, as it was detected only in the root exudates collected during the first week of incubation. The root exudates of tobacco contained at least 11 SLs, including solanacol, solanacyl acetate, orobanchol, ent-2'-epi-orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, ent-2'-epi-orobanchyl acetate, 5-deoxystrigol, ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol, and three isomers of putative didehydro-orobanchol whose structures remain to be clarified. Furthermore, two sorgolactone isomers but not sorgolactone were detected as minor SLs by LC-MS/MS analysis. It is intriguing to note that rice plants produced only orobanchol-type SLs, derived from ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol, but both orobanchol-type and strigol-type SLs, derived from 5-deoxystrigol were detected in tobacco plants. Title: Characterization of streptonigrin biosynthesis reveals a cryptic carboxyl methylation and an unusual oxidative cleavage of a N-C bond Xu F, Kong D, He X, Zhang Z, Han M, Xie X, Wang P, Cheng H, Tao M and Lin S <2 more author(s)> Xu F, Kong D, He X, Zhang Z, Han M, Xie X, Wang P, Cheng H, Tao M, Zhang L, Deng Z, Lin S (- 2) Ref: Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135:1739, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Xu_2013_J.Am.Chem.Soc_135_1739 PubMedSearch: Xu 2013 J.Am.Chem.Soc 135 1739 PubMedID: 23301954 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9actn-l7pij2 Abstract Streptonigrin (STN, 1) is a highly functionalized aminoquinone alkaloid with broad and potent antitumor activity. Here, we reported the biosynthetic gene cluster of STN identified by genome scanning of a STN producer Streptomyces flocculus CGMCC4.1223. This cluster consists of 48 genes determined by a series of gene inactivations. On the basis of the structures of intermediates and shunt products accumulated from five specific gene inactivation mutants and feeding experiments, the biosynthetic pathway was proposed, and the sequence of tailoring steps was preliminarily determined. In this pathway, a cryptic methylation of lavendamycin was genetically and biochemically characterized to be catalyzed by a leucine carboxyl methyltransferase StnF2. A [2Fe-2S](2+) cluster-containing aromatic ring dioxygenase StnB1/B2 system was biochemically characterized to catalyze a regiospecific cleavage of the N-C8' bond of the indole ring of the methyl ester of lavendamycin. This work provides opportunities to illuminate the enzymology of novel reactions involved in this pathway and to create, using genetic and chemo-enzymatic methods, new streptonigrinoid analogues as potential therapeutic agents. Title: Origin of strigolactones in the green lineage Delaux PM, Xie X, Timme RE, Puech-Pages V, Dunand C, Lecompte E, Delwiche CF, Yoneyama K, Becard G, Sejalon-Delmas N Ref: New Phytol, 195:857, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Delaux_2012_New.Phytol_195_857 PubMedSearch: Delaux 2012 New.Phytol 195 857 PubMedID: 22738134 Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate the appearance of strigolactones in the green lineage and to determine the primitive function of these molecules. We measured the strigolactone content of several isolated liverworts, mosses, charophyte and chlorophyte green algae using a sensitive biological assay and LC-MS/MS analyses. In parallel, sequence comparison of strigolactone-related genes and phylogenetic analyses were performed using available genomic data and newly sequenced expressed sequence tags. The primitive function of strigolactones was determined by exogenous application of the synthetic strigolactone analog, GR24, and by mutant phenotyping. Liverworts, the most basal Embryophytes and Charales, one of the closest green algal relatives to Embryophytes, produce strigolactones, whereas several other species of green algae do not. We showed that GR24 stimulates rhizoid elongation of Charales, liverworts and mosses, and rescues the phenotype of the strigolactone-deficient Ppccd8 mutant of Physcomitrella patens. These findings demonstrate that the first function of strigolactones was not to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Rather, they suggest that the strigolactones appeared earlier in the streptophyte lineage to control rhizoid elongation. They may have been conserved in basal Embryophytes for this role and then recruited for the stimulation of colonization by glomeromycotan fungi. Title: Strigolactone deficiency confers resistance in tomato line SL-ORT1 to the parasitic weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp Dor E, Yoneyama K, Wininger S, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H, Xie X, Hershenhorn J Ref: Phytopathology, 101:213, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Dor_2011_Phytopathology_101_213 PubMedSearch: Dor 2011 Phytopathology 101 213 PubMedID: 20942651 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Solanacol Abstract The parasitic flowering plants of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (broomrape species) are obligatory chlorophyll-lacking root-parasitic weeds that infect dicotyledonous plants and cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. One of the most effective strategies for broomrape control is crop breeding for broomrape resistance. Previous efforts to find natural broomrape-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genotypes were unsuccessful, and no broomrape resistance was found in any wild tomato species. Recently, however, the fast-neutron-mutagenized tomato mutant SL-ORT1 was found to be highly resistant to various Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Nevertheless, SL-ORT1 plants were parasitized by Phelipanche aegyptiaca if grown in pots together with the susceptible tomato cv. M-82. In the present study, no toxic activity or inhibition of Phelipanche seed germination could be detected in the SL-ORT1 root extracts. SL-ORT1 roots did not induce Phelipanche seed germination in pots but they were parasitized, at the same level as M-82, after application of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 to the rhizosphere. Whereas liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis of root exudates of M-82 revealed the presence of the strigolactones orobanchol, solanacol, and didehydro-orobanchol isomer, these compounds were not found in the exudates of SL-ORT1. It can be concluded that SL-ORT1 resistance results from its inability to produce and secrete natural germination stimulants to the rhizosphere. Title: The plant cell wall-decomposing machinery underlies the functional diversity of forest fungi Eastwood DC, Floudas D, Binder M, Majcherczyk A, Schneider P, Aerts A, Asiegbu FO, Baker SE, Barry K and Watkinson SC <38 more author(s)> Eastwood DC, Floudas D, Binder M, Majcherczyk A, Schneider P, Aerts A, Asiegbu FO, Baker SE, Barry K, Bendiksby M, Blumentritt M, Coutinho PM, Cullen D, de Vries RP, Gathman A, Goodell B, Henrissat B, Ihrmark K, Kauserud H, Kohler A, LaButti K, Lapidus A, Lavin JL, Lee YH, Lindquist E, Lilly W, Lucas S, Morin E, Murat C, Oguiza JA, Park J, Pisabarro AG, Riley R, Rosling A, Salamov A, Schmidt O, Schmutz J, Skrede I, Stenlid J, Wiebenga A, Xie X, Kues U, Hibbett DS, Hoffmeister D, Hogberg N, Martin F, Grigoriev IV, Watkinson SC (- 38) Ref: Science, 333:762, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Eastwood_2011_Science_333_762 PubMedSearch: Eastwood 2011 Science 333 762 PubMedID: 21764756 Gene_locus related to this paper: serl3-f8prj2, serl3-f8qcc4, serl9-f8ngp6, serl9-f8nhd7, serl9-f8nhq9, serl9-f8nq77, serl9-f8nr67, serl9-f8nrt5, serl9-f8nvy7.1, serl9-f8nvy7.2, serl9-f8nvy8, serl9-f8nxt0.1, serl9-f8nxt0.2, serl9-f8nzr3, serl9-f8p0f0, serl9-f8p6v0, serl9-f8p015, serl9-f8p018, serl9-f8p386, serl9-f8paz8, serl9-f8pbv1, serl9-f8pby1, serl9-f8pc25, serl9-f8pc39, serl9-f8nia7, serl3-f8pju2, serl9-f8peh1, serl9-nps3 Abstract Brown rot decay removes cellulose and hemicellulose from wood--residual lignin contributing up to 30% of forest soil carbon--and is derived from an ancestral white rot saprotrophy in which both lignin and cellulose are decomposed. Comparative and functional genomics of the "dry rot" fungus Serpula lacrymans, derived from forest ancestors, demonstrated that the evolution of both ectomycorrhizal biotrophy and brown rot saprotrophy were accompanied by reductions and losses in specific protein families, suggesting adaptation to an intercellular interaction with plant tissue. Transcriptome and proteome analysis also identified differences in wood decomposition in S. lacrymans relative to the brown rot Postia placenta. Furthermore, fungal nutritional mode diversification suggests that the boreal forest biome originated via genetic coevolution of above- and below-ground biota. Title: A high-resolution map of human evolutionary constraint using 29 mammals Lindblad-Toh K, Garber M, Zuk O, Lin MF, Parker BJ, Washietl S, Kheradpour P, Ernst J, Jordan G and Kellis M <76 more author(s)> Lindblad-Toh K, Garber M, Zuk O, Lin MF, Parker BJ, Washietl S, Kheradpour P, Ernst J, Jordan G, Mauceli E, Ward LD, Lowe CB, Holloway AK, Clamp M, Gnerre S, Alfoldi J, Beal K, Chang J, Clawson H, Cuff J, Di Palma F, Fitzgerald S, Flicek P, Guttman M, Hubisz MJ, Jaffe DB, Jungreis I, Kent WJ, Kostka D, Lara M, Martins AL, Massingham T, Moltke I, Raney BJ, Rasmussen MD, Robinson J, Stark A, Vilella AJ, Wen J, Xie X, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Bloom T, Chin CW, Heiman D, Nicol R, Nusbaum C, Young S, Wilkinson J, Worley KC, Kovar CL, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Cree A, Dihn HH, Fowler G, Jhangiani S, Joshi V, Lee S, Lewis LR, Nazareth LV, Okwuonu G, Santibanez J, Warren WC, Mardis ER, Weinstock GM, Wilson RK, Delehaunty K, Dooling D, Fronik C, Fulton L, Fulton B, Graves T, Minx P, Sodergren E, Birney E, Margulies EH, Herrero J, Green ED, Haussler D, Siepel A, Goldman N, Pollard KS, Pedersen JS, Lander ES, Kellis M (- 76) Ref: Nature, 478:476, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Lindblad-Toh_2011_Nature_478_476 PubMedSearch: Lindblad-Toh 2011 Nature 478 476 PubMedID: 21993624 Gene_locus related to this paper: cavpo-1plip, cavpo-2plrp, cavpo-h0v1b7, cavpo-h0v5v8, cavpo-h0vj36, cavpo-lipli, rabit-1hlip, rabit-1plip, rabit-g1t6x7, rabit-LIPH, myolu-l7n1c2, myolu-g1pqd9, cavpo-h0uyz6, cavpo-h0vi56, rabit-g1tbj4, myolu-g1p5c0, rabit-g1sds3, rabit-g1sye0, cavpo-h0v0r2, cavpo-h0v7s5, rabit-g1sp43, myolu-g1p4p3, cavpo-h0vw09, rabit-g1ssu3, myolu-g1pds0, rabit-g1sic4, cavpo-h0v2c4, myolu-g1pg61, myolu-g1pnb1, myolu-g1pu06, myolu-g1qa15, myolu-g1qfu0, rabit-g1sn99, rabit-g1snq9, rabit-g1sns7, rabit-g1tuu8, rabit-g1tzq7, cavpo-h0v2i2, cavpo-h0v2j0, cavpo-h0vsf5, cavpo-a0a286x8d3, cavpo-a0a286xbr3, cavpo-a0a286y0i8, cavpo-a0a286y4p3, myolu-g1q2n9, cavpo-h0v1p4, myolu-g1pan8, myolu-g1paq0, myolu-g1par4, myolu-g1prn3, myolu-g1q3i0, myolu-g1q463, myolu-g1pat6, myolu-g1q859, rabit-g1sul9, rabit-g1sun0, rabit-g1sup0, myolu-l7n125, myolu-g1pan2, rabit-g1sxd0, cavpo-h0v8j4, rabit-d5fit0, rabit-g1tkr5, myolu-g1nty6, myolu-g1p1p3, cavpo-h0vdd5, myolu-g1pdp2, rabit-g1tmm5, cavpo-h0vhq3, myolu-g1nth4, cavpo-h0vqx6, rabit-g1tqr7, myolu-g1p1e9, cavpo-h0v8y6, rabit-g1skt3, myolu-g1nzg3, cavpo-h0v5z0, rabit-g1sgz5, myolu-g1pkg5, rabit-g1tmw5, rabit-g1t134, cavpo-a0a286x9v5, myolu-g1qc57, myolu-g1q061, rabit-g1tnp4, rabit-g1tyf7, cavpo-h0w2w1, rabit-g1ta36, cavpo-h0w342, myolu-g1q4e3, rabit-g1sqa1, cavpo-h0uxk7, myolu-g1p353, cavpo-h0vpm0, rabit-a0a5f9cru6, cavpo-a0a286xtc0 Abstract The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering approximately 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for approximately 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease. Title: Distribution of CuO nanoparticles in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their potential toxicity Zhao J, Wang Z, Liu X, Xie X, Zhang K, Xing B Ref: J Hazard Mater, 197:304, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2011_J.Hazard.Mater_197_304 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2011 J.Hazard.Mater 197 304 PubMedID: 22014442 Abstract Adverse effect of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) on the aquatic environment and organisms has recently drawn much attention. This paper reports on the toxicity of CuO NPs to juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their distribution in the fish. CuO NPs and its counterpart bulk particles (BPs) (10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 mg L(-1)) exhibited no acute toxicity (96 h), while during the 30 day sub-acute toxicity test, carp growth was significantly inhibited by CuO NPs (100 mg L(-1)) in comparison to control, CuO BPs and Cu(2+) groups. CuO NPs (or released Cu(2+) ions inside the fish body) could distribute in various tissues/organs and followed an order: intestine>gill>muscle>skin and scale>liver>brain. For time-related distribution, Cu content (expressed on a dry mass basis) in intestine, gill and liver increased faster (within 1 day) and they had obviously higher Cu content than other tissues/organs at all exposure times. CuO NPs could be excreted by carp to lower their toxicity. Cholinesterase activity was inhibited during CuO NPs exposure, suggesting NPs exposure could have potential neurotoxicity, and free Cu(2+) ions dissolved inside the carp body was responsible for the cholinesterase inhibition. Finally, actual suspended NPs concentrations should be used instead of initially added concentrations whenever possible in nanotoxicity studies. Title: The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome Li R, Fan W, Tian G, Zhu H, He L, Cai J, Huang Q, Cai Q, Li B and Yang H <103 more author(s)> Li R, Fan W, Tian G, Zhu H, He L, Cai J, Huang Q, Cai Q, Li B, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang W, Li J, Wei F, Li H, Jian M, Nielsen R, Li D, Gu W, Yang Z, Xuan Z, Ryder OA, Leung FC, Zhou Y, Cao J, Sun X, Fu Y, Fang X, Guo X, Wang B, Hou R, Shen F, Mu B, Ni P, Lin R, Qian W, Wang G, Yu C, Nie W, Wang J, Wu Z, Liang H, Min J, Wu Q, Cheng S, Ruan J, Wang M, Shi Z, Wen M, Liu B, Ren X, Zheng H, Dong D, Cook K, Shan G, Zhang H, Kosiol C, Xie X, Lu Z, Li Y, Steiner CC, Lam TT, Lin S, Zhang Q, Li G, Tian J, Gong T, Liu H, Zhang D, Fang L, Ye C, Zhang J, Hu W, Xu A, Ren Y, Zhang G, Bruford MW, Li Q, Ma L, Guo Y, An N, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao J, Qu N, Zhao S, Tian F, Wang X, Wang H, Xu L, Liu X, Vinar T, Wang Y, Lam TW, Yiu SM, Liu S, Huang Y, Yang G, Jiang Z, Qin N, Li L, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, Wong GK, Olson M, Zhang X, Li S, Yang H (- 103) Ref: Nature, 463:311, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2010_Nature_463_311 PubMedSearch: Li 2010 Nature 463 311 PubMedID: 20010809 Gene_locus related to this paper: ailme-ABH15, ailme-ACHE, ailme-BCHE, ailme-d2gtv3, ailme-d2gty9, ailme-d2gu87, ailme-d2gu97, ailme-d2gve7, ailme-d2gwu1, ailme-d2gx08, ailme-d2gyt0, ailme-d2gz36, ailme-d2gz37, ailme-d2gz38, ailme-d2gz39, ailme-d2gz40, ailme-d2h5r9, ailme-d2h7b7, ailme-d2h9c9, ailme-d2h794, ailme-d2hau7, ailme-d2hau8, ailme-d2hcd9, ailme-d2hdi6, ailme-d2heu6, ailme-d2hga4, ailme-d2hqw5, ailme-d2hs98, ailme-d2hsx4, ailme-d2hti6, ailme-d2htv3, ailme-d2htz6, ailme-d2huc7, ailme-d2hwj8, ailme-d2hwy7, ailme-d2hxm1, ailme-d2hyc8, ailme-d2hyv2, ailme-d2hz11, ailme-d2hza3, ailme-d2hzr4, ailme-d2i1l4, ailme-d2i2g8, ailme-g1l7m3, ailme-g1lu36, ailme-g1m769, ailme-g1mc29, ailme-g1mdj8, ailme-g1mdr5, ailme-g1mfp4, ailme-g1mfx5, ailme-g1lj41, ailme-g1lm28, ailme-g1l3u1, ailme-g1l7l1, ailme-g1m5i3, ailme-g1l2f6, ailme-g1lji5, ailme-g1lqk3, ailme-g1l8s9, ailme-d2h717, ailme-d2h718, ailme-d2h719, ailme-d2h720, ailme-g1m5v0, ailme-g1m5y7, ailme-g1lkt7, ailme-g1l2a1, ailme-g1lsc8, ailme-g1lrp4, ailme-d2gv02, ailme-g1mik5, ailme-g1ljr1, ailme-g1lxw7, ailme-d2h8b5, ailme-d2h2r2, ailme-d2h9w7, ailme-g1meh3, ailme-g1m719 Abstract Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes. Title: Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium Ma LJ, van der Does HC, Borkovich KA, Coleman JJ, Daboussi MJ, Di Pietro A, Dufresne M, Freitag M, Grabherr M and Rep M <53 more author(s)> Ma LJ, van der Does HC, Borkovich KA, Coleman JJ, Daboussi MJ, Di Pietro A, Dufresne M, Freitag M, Grabherr M, Henrissat B, Houterman PM, Kang S, Shim WB, Woloshuk C, Xie X, Xu JR, Antoniw J, Baker SE, Bluhm BH, Breakspear A, Brown DW, Butchko RA, Chapman S, Coulson R, Coutinho PM, Danchin EG, Diener A, Gale LR, Gardiner DM, Goff S, Hammond-Kosack KE, Hilburn K, Hua-Van A, Jonkers W, Kazan K, Kodira CD, Koehrsen M, Kumar L, Lee YH, Li L, Manners JM, Miranda-Saavedra D, Mukherjee M, Park G, Park J, Park SY, Proctor RH, Regev A, Ruiz-Roldan MC, Sain D, Sakthikumar S, Sykes S, Schwartz DC, Turgeon BG, Wapinski I, Yoder O, Young S, Zeng Q, Zhou S, Galagan J, Cuomo CA, Kistler HC, Rep M (- 53) Ref: Nature, 464:367, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2010_Nature_464_367 PubMedSearch: Ma 2010 Nature 464 367 PubMedID: 20237561 Gene_locus related to this paper: fusox-a0a1d3s5h0, gibf5-fus2, fusof-f9f2k2, fusof-f9f3l6, fusof-f9f6t8, fusof-f9f6v2, fusof-f9f132, fusof-f9f781, fusof-f9fd72, fusof-f9fd90, fusof-f9fem0, fusof-f9fhk2, fusof-f9fj19, fusof-f9fj20, fusof-f9fki8, fusof-f9fmx2, fusof-f9fnt4, fusof-f9fpy4, fusof-f9fvs6, fusof-f9fwu0, fusof-f9fxz4, fusof-f9fzy5, fusof-f9g2a2, fusof-f9g3b1, fusof-f9g5h7, fusof-f9g6e6, fusof-f9g6y7, fusof-f9g7b0, fusof-f9g797, fusof-f9g972, fusof-f9ga50, fusof-f9gck4, fusof-f9gd15, gibze-a8w610, gibze-b1pdn0, gibze-i1r9e6, gibze-i1rda9, gibze-i1rdk7, gibze-i1rec8, gibze-i1rgs0, gibze-i1rgy0, gibze-i1rh52, gibze-i1rhi8, gibze-i1rig9, gibze-i1rip5, gibze-i1rpg6, gibze-i1rsg2, gibze-i1rv36, gibze-i1rxm5, gibze-i1rxp8, gibze-i1rxv5, gibze-i1s1u3, gibze-i1s3j9, gibze-i1s6l7, gibze-i1s8i8, gibze-i1s9x4, gibze-q4huy1, gibze-i1rg17, fuso4-j9mvr9, fuso4-j9ngs6, fuso4-j9niq8, fuso4-j9nqm2, gibze-i1rb76, gibze-i1s1m7, gibze-i1s3z6, gibze-i1rd78, gibze-i1rgl9, gibze-i1rjp7, gibze-i1s1q6, gibze-i1ri35, gibze-i1rf76, gibze-i1rhp3, fusc1-n4uj11, fusc4-n1s9p6, gibf5-s0dqr2, gibm7-w7n1b5, fusof-f9g6q0, gibm7-w7n497, fusox-x0bme4, gibm7-w7mcf8, gibm7-w7mak5, fusox-x0a2c5, gibm7-w7mum7, fusox-w9iyc7, gibm7-w7maw6, gibm7-w7msi0, gibm7-w7luf0, gibm7-w7msa3, gibm7-w7mna8, gibm7-w7n8b7, gibm7-w7n564, fusox-w9jpi0, gibm7-w7ngc3, gibm7-w7m4v6, gibm7-w7m4v2, gibm7-w7lt61, gibm7-w7mly6, gibm7-w7ncn3, fusox-w9ibd7, fusof-f9fnm6, gibm7-w7n526, gibza-a0a016pda4, gibza-a0a016pl96, gibm7-w7muq1, fusof-f9gfd3, gibm7-w7mt52, gibze-i1rjb5, gibf5-s0ehu3, fusox-w9hvf0, gibze-i1rkc4, gibm7-w7mv30, gibze-a0a1c3ylb1, fuso4-a0a0c4diy4, gibm7-w7n4n0, gibze-gra11, gibze-fsl2, gibf5-fub4, gibf5-fub5, gibf5-fus5, gibm7-dlh1 Abstract Fusarium species are among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi. To understand the molecular underpinnings of pathogenicity in the genus Fusarium, we compared the genomes of three phenotypically diverse species: Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. LS regions are rich in transposons and genes with distinct evolutionary profiles but related to pathogenicity, indicative of horizontal acquisition. Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum, converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. Transfer of LS chromosomes between otherwise genetically isolated strains explains the polyphyletic origin of host specificity and the emergence of new pathogenic lineages in F. oxysporum. These findings put the evolution of fungal pathogenicity into a new perspective. Title: Influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone on mast cells Li H, Wang L, Ye L, Mao Y, Xie X, Xia C, Chen J, Lu Z, Song J Ref: Med Microbiol Immunol, 198:113, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2009_Med.Microbiol.Immunol_198_113 PubMedSearch: Li 2009 Med.Microbiol.Immunol 198 113 PubMedID: 19337750 Abstract Quorum sensing system is a cell-to-cell communication system that plays a pivotal role in virulence expression in bacteria. Recent advances have demonstrated that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing molecule, N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC(12)-HSL), exerts effects on mammalian cells and modulates host immune response. Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in the tissues that are constantly exposed to external stimulus. Therefore, it is very much possible that 3OC(12)-HSL may interact with MCs. Little is known, however, about specific effects of 3OC(12)-HSL on MCs. To address this, we investigated the influence of 3OC(12)-HSL on cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular calcium and cytokine release in MCs. We found that at high concentrations (100 microM), 3OC(12)-HSL inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in P815. The 3OC(12)-HSL treatment significantly increased intracellular calcium release in both P815 and HMC-1. We also observed that 3OC(12)-HSL-induced histamine release and degranulation in HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, 3OC(12)-HSL-induced IL-6 production at lower concentrations (6.25-12.5 microM) but steadily reduced IL-6 production at high concentration (50-100 muM). These data demonstrate that P. aeruginosa 3OC(12)-HSL affects MCs function. Title: Fabacyl acetate, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants from Pisum sativum Xie X, Yoneyama K, Harada Y, Fusegi N, Yamada Y, Ito S, Yokota T, Takeuchi Y Ref: Phytochemistry, 70:211, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2009_Phytochemistry_70_211 PubMedSearch: Xie 2009 Phytochemistry 70 211 PubMedID: 19155028 Abstract A germination stimulant, fabacyl acetate, was purified from root exudates of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and its structure was determined as ent-2'-epi-4a,8a-epoxyorobanchyl acetate [(3aR,4R,4aR,8bS,E)-4a,8a-epoxy-8,8-dimethyl-3-(((R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-decahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl acetate], by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, ESI- and EI-MS spectrometric, X-ray crystallographic analyses, and by comparing the (1)H NMR spectroscopic data and relative retention times (RR(t)) in LC-MS and GC-MS with those of synthetic standards prepared from (+)-orobanchol and (+)-2'-epiorobanchol. The (1)H NMR spectroscopic data and RR(t) of fabacyl acetate were identical with those of an isomer prepared from (+)-2'-epiorobanchol except for the opposite sign in CD spectra. This is the first natural ent-strigolactone containing an epoxide group. Fabacyl acetate was previously detected in root exudates of other Fabaceae plants including faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Title: 7-Oxoorobanchyl acetate and 7-Oxoorobanchol as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants from flax (Linum usitatissimum) Xie X, Yoneyama K, Kurita JY, Harada Y, Yamada Y, Takeuchi Y Ref: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 73:1367, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2009_Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem_73_1367 PubMedSearch: Xie 2009 Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem 73 1367 PubMedID: 19502732 Abstract Germination stimulants for root parasitic plants produced by flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were purified and characterized. The root exudate of flax contained at least 8 active fractions, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses suggested that there were 6 strigolactones. Two of them were identified as orobanchol and orobanchyl acetate by comparing NMR and GC-MS and LC-MS/MS data with those of synthetic standards. One of the two novel strigolactones was purified and determined as 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate [((3aS,4S,8bS,E)-8,8-dimethyl-3-(((R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl acetate) by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, and ESI- and EI-MS spectrometric analyses. The other one was also purified and identified as 7-oxoorobanchol. The remaining two compounds could not been characterized due to their scarcity. Title: Solid-phase synthesis of tris-heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes and application to acetylcholinesterase inhibition Mulcahy SP, Li S, Korn R, Xie X, Meggers E Ref: Inorg Chem, 47:5030, 2008 : PubMed ESTHER: Mulcahy_2008_Inorg.Chem_47_5030 PubMedSearch: Mulcahy 2008 Inorg.Chem 47 5030 PubMedID: 18373338 Abstract A synthetic route with two consecutive coordination chemistry steps on a solid support affords tris-heteroleptic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with high purity and in good yields. As an application we report the identification of a nanomolar acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from a small ruthenium complex library synthesized on Lanterns. Title: Isolation and identification of alectrol as (+)-orobanchyl acetate, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants Xie X, Yoneyama K, Kusumoto D, Yamada Y, Yokota T, Takeuchi Y Ref: Phytochemistry, 69:427, 2008 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2008_Phytochemistry_69_427 PubMedSearch: Xie 2008 Phytochemistry 69 427 PubMedID: 17822727 Abstract Alectrol, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants, was purified from root exudates of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and identified as a strigolactone, (+)-orobanchyl acetate [(3aS,4S,8bS,E)-8,8-dimethyl-3-(((R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl acetate], by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and ESI- and EI-MS spectrometry. Orobanchyl acetate afforded an [M-42](+) ion in EI-MS and thus had been recognized as an isomer of strigol. Orobanchyl acetate was detected in root exudates of soybean (Glycine max L.) and cowpea (Vigina unguiculata L.) along with orobanchol. Title: Strigolactones, host recognition signals for root parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, from Fabaceae plants Yoneyama K, Xie X, Sekimoto H, Takeuchi Y, Ogasawara S, Akiyama K, Hayashi H Ref: New Phytol, 179:484, 2008 : PubMed ESTHER: Yoneyama_2008_New.Phytol_179_484 PubMedSearch: Yoneyama 2008 New.Phytol 179 484 PubMedID: 19086293 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: 5-Deoxystrigol Abstract Both root parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi take advantage of strigolactones, released from plant roots as signal molecules in the initial communication with host plants, in order to commence parasitism and mutualism, respectively. In this study, strigolactones in root exudates from 12 Fabaceae plants, including hydroponically grown white lupin (Lupinus albus), a nonhost of AM fungi, were characterized by comparing retention times of germination stimulants on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with those of standards and by using tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). All the plant species examined were found to exude known strigolactones, such as orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and 5-deoxystrigol, suggesting that these strigolactones are widely distributed in the Fabaceae. It should be noted that even the nonmycotrophic L. albus exuded orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, 5-deoxystrigol, and novel germination stimulants. By contrast to the mycotrophic Fabaceae plant Trifolium pratense, in which phosphorus deficiency promoted strigolactone exudation, neither phosphorus nor nitrogen deficiency increased exudation of these strigolactones in L. albus. Therefore, the regulation of strigolactone production and/or exudation seems to be closely related to the nutrient acquisition strategy of the plants. Title: Enzymatic synthesis of aromatic polyketides using PKS4 from Gibberella fujikuroi Ma SM, Zhan J, Watanabe K, Xie X, Zhang W, Wang CC, Tang Y Ref: Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129:10642, 2007 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2007_J.Am.Chem.Soc_129_10642 PubMedSearch: Ma 2007 J.Am.Chem.Soc 129 10642 PubMedID: 17696354 Gene_locus related to this paper: gibf5-bik1 Abstract Iterative fungal polyketide synthases (PKSs) use a unique set of biochemical rules in the synthesis of complex polyketides. These rules dictate polyketide starter unit selection, chain length control, and post-PKS processing. We have demonstrated the E. coli expression and reconstitution of an iterative, unreduced fungal PKS. The Gibberella fujikuroi PKS4 was expressed at high levels, purified to homogeneity and functionally characterized. In the presence of malonyl-CoA, PKS4 was able to synthesize the nonaketide 3,8,10,11-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-12H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-one (2) as the predominant product. PKS4 selectively used octanoyl-CoA as the starter unit and synthesized two novel benzopyrone-containing polyketides. Our work sets the stage for a comprehensive characterization of the intact PKS and its domains, and offers significant opportunity towards the enzymatic synthesis of additional compounds. Title: Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences Mikkelsen TS, Wakefield MJ, Aken B, Amemiya CT, Chang JL, Duke S, Garber M, Gentles AJ, Goodstadt L and Lindblad-Toh K <52 more author(s)> Mikkelsen TS, Wakefield MJ, Aken B, Amemiya CT, Chang JL, Duke S, Garber M, Gentles AJ, Goodstadt L, Heger A, Jurka J, Kamal M, Mauceli E, Searle SM, Sharpe T, Baker ML, Batzer MA, Benos PV, Belov K, Clamp M, Cook A, Cuff J, Das R, Davidow L, Deakin JE, Fazzari MJ, Glass JL, Grabherr M, Greally JM, Gu W, Hore TA, Huttley GA, Kleber M, Jirtle RL, Koina E, Lee JT, Mahony S, Marra MA, Miller RD, Nicholls RD, Oda M, Papenfuss AT, Parra ZE, Pollock DD, Ray DA, Schein JE, Speed TP, Thompson K, Vandeberg JL, Wade CM, Walker JA, Waters PD, Webber C, Weidman JR, Xie X, Zody MC, Graves JA, Ponting CP, Breen M, Samollow PB, Lander ES, Lindblad-Toh K (- 52) Ref: Nature, 447:167, 2007 : PubMed ESTHER: Mikkelsen_2007_Nature_447_167 PubMedSearch: Mikkelsen 2007 Nature 447 167 PubMedID: 17495919 Gene_locus related to this paper: mondo-ACHE, mondo-b2bsf5, mondo-b2bsz5, mondo-BCHE, mondo-d2x2i6, mondo-d2x2i8, mondo-f6slk2, mondo-f6wu00, mondo-f6wuf2, mondo-f6xfj4, mondo-f6yt13, mondo-f7c7p0, mondo-f7ckd0, mondo-f7cvq8, mondo-f7cvr5, mondo-f7eil6, mondo-f7ez13, mondo-f7f0i7, mondo-f7fg16, mondo-f7gcv7, mondo-f7gep4, mondo-f7gly2, mondo-f6u7q2, mondo-f7fw54, mondo-f7dpf6, mondo-f6pgj5, mondo-f6yg68, mondo-f7g8u4, mondo-f7eyv1, mondo-f6pq73, mondo-f7cre0, mondo-f7fdj0, mondo-f7fdj5, mondo-f7ft63, mondo-f7ge99, mondo-f7gea2, mondo-f6pxq2, mondo-f7awc1, mondo-f7c412, mondo-f7ev24, mondo-f7b6s6, mondo-f6vcx0, mondo-f7g148, mondo-f6tlv9, mondo-f6tdm5, mondo-f7f3w0, mondo-f7fg39, mondo-f7d6c2, mondo-f6sdn0, mondo-f7gi08, mondo-f6xss6, mondo-f6sa37, mondo-f7gd97, mondo-f6z6x9 Abstract We report a high-quality draft of the genome sequence of the grey, short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). As the first metatherian ('marsupial') species to be sequenced, the opossum provides a unique perspective on the organization and evolution of mammalian genomes. Distinctive features of the opossum chromosomes provide support for recent theories about genome evolution and function, including a strong influence of biased gene conversion on nucleotide sequence composition, and a relationship between chromosomal characteristics and X chromosome inactivation. Comparison of opossum and eutherian genomes also reveals a sharp difference in evolutionary innovation between protein-coding and non-coding functional elements. True innovation in protein-coding genes seems to be relatively rare, with lineage-specific differences being largely due to diversification and rapid turnover in gene families involved in environmental interactions. In contrast, about 20% of eutherian conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are recent inventions that postdate the divergence of Eutheria and Metatheria. A substantial proportion of these eutherian-specific CNEs arose from sequence inserted by transposable elements, pointing to transposons as a major creative force in the evolution of mammalian gene regulation. Title: Improving simvastatin bioconversion in Escherichia coli by deletion of bioH Xie X, Wong WW, Tang Y Ref: Metab Eng, 9:379, 2007 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2007_Metab.Eng_9_379 PubMedSearch: Xie 2007 Metab.Eng 9 379 PubMedID: 17625941 Abstract Simvastatin is an important cholesterol lowering compound and is currently synthesized from the natural product lovastatin via multistep chemical synthesis. We have previously reported the use of an Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)/pAW31 as the host for whole-cell biocatalytic conversion of monacolin J acid to simvastatin acid. During fermentation and bioconversion, unknown E. coli enzyme(s) hydrolyzed the membrane permeable thioester substrate dimethylbutyryl-S-methyl mercaptopropionate (DMB-S-MMP) to the free acid, significantly decreased the efficiencies of the whole-cell bioconversion and the downstream purification steps. Using the Keio K-12 Singe-Gene Knockout collection, we identified BioH as the sole enzyme responsible for the observed substrate hydrolysis. Purification and reconstitution of E. coli BioH activity in vitro confirmed its function. BioH catalyzed the rapid hydrolysis of DMB-S-MMP with kcat and Km values of 260+/-45 s(-1) and 229+/-26 microM, respectively. This is in agreement with previous reports that BioH can function as a carboxylesterase towards fatty acid esters. YT2, which is a delta bioH mutant of BL21(DE3), did not hydrolyze DMB-S-MMP during prolonged fermentation and was used as an alternative host for whole-cell biocatalysis. The rate of simvastatin acid synthesis in YT2 was significantly faster than in BL21(DE3) and 99% conversion of 15 mM simvastatin acid in less than 12 h was achieved. Furthermore, the engineered host required significantly less DMB-S-MMP to be added to accomplish complete conversion. Finally, simvastatin acid synthesized using YT2 can be readily purified from fermentation broth and no additional steps to remove the hydrolyzed dimethylbutyryl-S-mercaptopropionic acid is required. Together, the proteomic and metabolic engineering approaches render the whole-cell biocatalytic process more robust and economically attractive. Title: 2'-epi-orobanchol and solanacol, two unique strigolactones, germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds, produced by tobacco Xie X, Kusumoto D, Takeuchi Y, Yoneyama K, Yamada Y Ref: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55:8067, 2007 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2007_J.Agric.Food.Chem_55_8067 PubMedSearch: Xie 2007 J.Agric.Food.Chem 55 8067 PubMedID: 17803261 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Solanacol Abstract Germination stimulants for root holoparasitic weeds broomrapes ( Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) produced by tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) were purified and characterized. The root exudates of tobacco contained at least five different stimulants, and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that four of them were strigolactones; a tetradehydrostrigol isomer, a didehydrostrigol isomer, and two strigol isomers. The two isomers of strigol were identified as (+)-orobanchol and its 2'-epimer by comparison of NMR and GC- and LC-MS data with those of synthetic standards. The structure of the tetradehydrostrigol isomer, the major stimulant of the bright yellow tobacco cultivars, was determined as 4-alpha-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-GR24 [( E)-4-alpha-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-3a,4-dihydro-3 H-indeno[1,2- b]furan-2(8b H)-one] and named solanacol. 2'-Epi-orobanchol and solanacol are the first natural strigolactones having a 2'-epi stereochemistry and a benzene ring, respectively. Title: Chronic oral nicotine normalizes dopaminergic function and synaptic plasticity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned primates Quik M, Chen L, Parameswaran N, Xie X, Langston JW, McCallum SE Ref: Journal of Neuroscience, 26:4681, 2006 : PubMed ESTHER: Quik_2006_J.Neurosci_26_4681 PubMedSearch: Quik 2006 J.Neurosci 26 4681 PubMedID: 16641249 Abstract Our recent studies show that chronic oral nicotine partially protects against striatal damage in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated nonhuman primates. To identify the cellular changes associated with this protective action, we investigated the effects of nicotine treatment on stimulus-evoked dopamine release, dopamine turnover, and synaptic plasticity in striatum from lesioned and unlesioned animals. Monkeys were chronically (6 months) treated with nicotine in the drinking water and subsequently lesioned with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP (6 months) while nicotine was continued. Nigrostriatal damage increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated fractional dopamine release from residual terminals, primarily through changes in alpha3*/alpha6* nAChRs. In contrast, fractional receptor-evoked dopamine release was similar to control in unlesioned and lesioned animals with chronic oral nicotine. Long-term nicotine administration also attenuated the enhanced K(+)-evoked fractional dopamine release from synaptosomes of MPTP-lesioned animals, suggesting that nicotine treatment had a generalized effect on dopaminergic function. This premise was further supported by experiments showing that nicotine dosing decreased the elevated dopamine turnover that occurs after nigrostriatal damage. We next investigated changes in synaptic plasticity with lesioning and nicotine treatment. Nicotine treatment alone enhanced synaptic plasticity by lowering the threshold for long-term depression (LTD) in the corticostriatal pathway. MPTP lesioning led to a loss of LTD, a measure of short-term synaptic plasticity. In contrast, LTD was preserved in nicotine-treated lesioned animals. Thus, the present data show that the disruptions in striatal dopaminergic function after nigrostriatal damage were attenuated with chronic nicotine administration. These cellular alterations may underlie the ability of nicotine to maintain/restore normal function with nigrostriatal damage. Title: The -250G-->A polymorphism in the human hepatic lipase gene promoter affects blood lipids in Chinese Zhao S, Xie X, Nie S Ref: Clinica Chimica Acta, 365:149, 2006 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2006_Clin.Chim.Acta_365_149 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2006 Clin.Chim.Acta 365 149 PubMedID: 16153627 Abstract BACKGROUND: Human hepatic lipase (HL) is a glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides and phospholipids in all major classes of lipoproteins. We studied whether the hepatic lipase gene -250G(guanine)-->A(adenine) polymorphism affect blood lipids level and the coronary heart disease. Title: Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS, Karlsson EK, Jaffe DB, Kamal M, Clamp M, Chang JL, Kulbokas EJ, 3rd and Lander ES <224 more author(s)> Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS, Karlsson EK, Jaffe DB, Kamal M, Clamp M, Chang JL, Kulbokas EJ, 3rd, Zody MC, Mauceli E, Xie X, Breen M, Wayne RK, Ostrander EA, Ponting CP, Galibert F, Smith DR, deJong PJ, Kirkness E, Alvarez P, Biagi T, Brockman W, Butler J, Chin CW, Cook A, Cuff J, Daly MJ, Decaprio D, Gnerre S, Grabherr M, Kellis M, Kleber M, Bardeleben C, Goodstadt L, Heger A, Hitte C, Kim L, Koepfli KP, Parker HG, Pollinger JP, Searle SM, Sutter NB, Thomas R, Webber C, Baldwin J, Abebe A, Abouelleil A, Aftuck L, Ait-Zahra M, Aldredge T, Allen N, An P, Anderson S, Antoine C, Arachchi H, Aslam A, Ayotte L, Bachantsang P, Barry A, Bayul T, Benamara M, Berlin A, Bessette D, Blitshteyn B, Bloom T, Blye J, Boguslavskiy L, Bonnet C, Boukhgalter B, Brown A, Cahill P, Calixte N, Camarata J, Cheshatsang Y, Chu J, Citroen M, Collymore A, Cooke P, Dawoe T, Daza R, Decktor K, DeGray S, Dhargay N, Dooley K, Dorje P, Dorjee K, Dorris L, Duffey N, Dupes A, Egbiremolen O, Elong R, Falk J, Farina A, Faro S, Ferguson D, Ferreira P, Fisher S, FitzGerald M, Foley K, Foley C, Franke A, Friedrich D, Gage D, Garber M, Gearin G, Giannoukos G, Goode T, Goyette A, Graham J, Grandbois E, Gyaltsen K, Hafez N, Hagopian D, Hagos B, Hall J, Healy C, Hegarty R, Honan T, Horn A, Houde N, Hughes L, Hunnicutt L, Husby M, Jester B, Jones C, Kamat A, Kanga B, Kells C, Khazanovich D, Kieu AC, Kisner P, Kumar M, Lance K, Landers T, Lara M, Lee W, Leger JP, Lennon N, Leuper L, LeVine S, Liu J, Liu X, Lokyitsang Y, Lokyitsang T, Lui A, MacDonald J, Major J, Marabella R, Maru K, Matthews C, McDonough S, Mehta T, Meldrim J, Melnikov A, Meneus L, Mihalev A, Mihova T, Miller K, Mittelman R, Mlenga V, Mulrain L, Munson G, Navidi A, Naylor J, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nguyen C, Nicol R, Norbu N, Norbu C, Novod N, Nyima T, Olandt P, O'Neill B, O'Neill K, Osman S, Oyono L, Patti C, Perrin D, Phunkhang P, Pierre F, Priest M, Rachupka A, Raghuraman S, Rameau R, Ray V, Raymond C, Rege F, Rise C, Rogers J, Rogov P, Sahalie J, Settipalli S, Sharpe T, Shea T, Sheehan M, Sherpa N, Shi J, Shih D, Sloan J, Smith C, Sparrow T, Stalker J, Stange-Thomann N, Stavropoulos S, Stone C, Stone S, Sykes S, Tchuinga P, Tenzing P, Tesfaye S, Thoulutsang D, Thoulutsang Y, Topham K, Topping I, Tsamla T, Vassiliev H, Venkataraman V, Vo A, Wangchuk T, Wangdi T, Weiand M, Wilkinson J, Wilson A, Yadav S, Yang S, Yang X, Young G, Yu Q, Zainoun J, Zembek L, Zimmer A, Lander ES (- 224) Ref: Nature, 438:803, 2005 : PubMed ESTHER: Lindblad-Toh_2005_Nature_438_803 PubMedSearch: Lindblad-Toh 2005 Nature 438 803 PubMedID: 16341006 Gene_locus related to this paper: canfa-1lipg, canfa-2neur, canfa-3neur, canfa-ACHE, canfa-BCHE, canfa-cauxin, canfa-CESDD1, canfa-e2qsb1, canfa-e2qsl3, canfa-e2qsz2, canfa-e2qvk3, canfa-e2qw15, canfa-e2qxs8, canfa-e2qzs6, canfa-e2r5t3, canfa-e2r6f6, canfa-e2r7e8, canfa-e2r8v9, canfa-e2r8z1, canfa-e2r9h4, canfa-e2r455, canfa-e2rb70, canfa-e2rcq9, canfa-e2rd94, canfa-e2rgi0, canfa-e2rkq0, canfa-e2rlz9, canfa-e2rm00, canfa-e2rqf1, canfa-e2rss9, canfa-f1p6w8, canfa-f1p8b6, canfa-f1p9d8, canfa-f1p683, canfa-f1pb79, canfa-f1pgw0, canfa-f1phd0, canfa-f1phx2, canfa-f1pke8, canfa-f1pp08, canfa-f1ppp9, canfa-f1ps07, canfa-f1ptf1, canfa-f1pvp4, canfa-f1pw93, canfa-f1pwk3, canfa-pafa, canfa-q1ert3, canfa-q5jzr0, canfa-e2rmb9, canlf-f6v865, canlf-e2rjg6, canlf-e2r2h2, canlf-f1p648, canlf-f1pw90, canlf-j9p8v6, canlf-f1pcc4, canlf-e2qxh0, canlf-e2r774, canlf-f1pf96, canlf-e2rq56, canlf-j9nwb1, canlf-f1ptw2, canlf-j9p8h1, canlf-e2ree2, canlf-f1prs1, canlf-j9nus1, canlf-e2rf91, canlf-f1pg57, canlf-f1q111 Abstract Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health. Title: Pharmacokinetics and neurotoxicity of dipterex in hens. A comparative study of administration methods Xie X, Piao FY, Tian Y, Yamauchi T Ref: Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 23:25, 1998 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_1998_J.Toxicol.Sci_23_25 PubMedSearch: Xie 1998 J.Toxicol.Sci 23 25 PubMedID: 9513919 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Trichlorfon~Metrifonate Abstract We compared the tissue concentration of dipterex and the inhibition of the neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity among groups of hens (n = 8 each) which were intravenously (i.v.), subcutaneously (s.c.) or orally (p.o.) administered the insecticide dipterex. The tissue concentrations of dipterex in the s.c. group were higher than those in the i.v. and p.o. groups. When dosed subcutaneously, the tissue concentration of dipterex was high in the brain, spinal cord and muscle at 3 hr after dosing and then concentrated in the spinal cord and muscle for the subsequent 3 hr. When dosed intravenously or orally, dipterex was evenly dispersed in various tissues. All hens treated with dipterex showed acute neurotoxic signs within 15 min after dosing. The hens dosed intravenously recovered from this acute poisoning within 3 hr, and the hens dosed orally recovered within 6 hr, while the hens dosed subcutaneously recovered within 24 hr after dosing. One hen in the s.c. group exhibited acute neurological sequelae following the acute poisoning. In addition, the loss of body weight was the largest in the s.c. group (157 +/- 49 g), moderate in the i.v. group (133 +/- 91 g), small in the p.o. group (96 +/- 54 g) and the smallest in the PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, which was dosed to promote delayed neuropathy) group (80 +/- 49 g). In the untreated hens, the activity of NTE in both the cerebrum and cerebellum was higher than that in the midbrain (p < 0.01). There was no difference in NTE activity between the cerebrum and cerebellum. In both the cerebrum and midbrain, the inhibition of NTE activity in the p.o. group was less than that in the i.v. and s.c. groups, and no difference was found between the i.v. and s.c. groups. In the cerebellum, the inhibition of NTE activity in the s.c. group was larger than that in the i.v. and p.o. groups. These results indicate that the s.c. dosing of dipterex results in a stronger neurotoxicity compared to i.v. and p.o. dosing. However, it was difficult to induce the clinical signs of delayed neuropathy with any administration of dipterex in hens, even when the promotion of delayed neurotoxicity of dipterex was attempted with PMSF or double doses of dipterex itself. | |||||||
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