Author Report for: Zhang GNo contact information in database for Zhang G
Li J, Wang Y, Yang P, Han H, Zhang G, Xu H, Quan K Ref: Anim Biotechnol, :1, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2022_Anim.Biotechnol__1 PubMedSearch: Li 2022 Anim.Biotechnol 1 PubMedID: 36306180 Abstract Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the key enzyme for the degradation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). It functions in concert with other enzymes to mobilize TAG and supply fatty acids (FAs) for energy production. Dysregulated lipolysis leads to excess concentrations of circulating FAs, which may lead to destructive and lipotoxic effects to the organism. To understand the role of ATGL in mammary lipid metabolism, ATGL was overexpressed in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) by using a recombinant adenovirus system. ATGL overexpression decreased lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and cellular TG content (p< 0.05) along with a decrease in the expression of the key enzyme that catalyzes the final step of TG synthesis (DGAT). Significant increases were observed in the expression of genes related to lipolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase [HSL]) and FA desaturation (SCD) by ATGL overexpression. Genes responsible for FA oxidation (PPARalpha), LD formation and secretion (ADRP and BTN1A1), and long-chain FA uptake (CD36) were all decreased by ATGL overexpression (p < 0.05). The primary products of TAG lipolysis, free FAs (FFAs), were notably increased in the ATGL-overexpressing cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ATGL activation impairs lipid formation partially through accelerating lipolysis in GMECs. Title: Inhibitory Mechanism of Baicalein on Acetylcholinesterase: Inhibitory Interaction, Conformational Change, and Computational Simulation Liao Y, Hu X, Pan J, Zhang G Ref: Foods, 11:, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Liao_2022_Foods_11_ PubMedSearch: Liao 2022 Foods 11 PubMedID: 35053900 Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease in elderly individuals, causing dementia. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is regarded as one of the most popular drug targets for AD. Herbal secondary metabolites are frequently cited as a major source of AChE inhibitors. In the current study, baicalein, a typical bioactive flavonoid, was found to inhibit AChE competitively, with an associated IC(50) value of 6.42 +/- 0.07 microM, through a monophasic kinetic process. The AChE fluorescence quenching by baicalein was a static process. The binding constant between baicalein and AChE was an order of magnitude of 10(4) L mol(-1), and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction were the major forces for forming the baicalein-AChE complex. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that baicalein caused the AChE structure to shrink and increased its surface hydrophobicity by increasing the alpha-helix and beta-turn contents and decreasing the beta-sheet and random coil structure content. Molecular docking revealed that baicalein predominated at the active site of AChE, likely tightening the gorge entrance and preventing the substrate from entering and binding with the enzyme, resulting in AChE inhibition. The preceding findings were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. The current study provides an insight into the molecular-level mechanism of baicalein interaction with AChE, which may offer new ideas for the research and development of anti-AD functional foods and drugs. Title: Exploring the Inhibition of Quercetin on Acetylcholinesterase by Multispectroscopic and In Silico Approaches and Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Effects on PC12 Cells Liao Y, Mai X, Wu X, Hu X, Luo X, Zhang G Ref: Molecules, 27:, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Liao_2022_Molecules_27_ PubMedSearch: Liao 2022 Molecules 27 PubMedID: 36432070 Abstract This study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of quercetin in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its neuroprotective effects on beta-amyloid(25-35)-induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells. Quercetin inhibited AChE in a reversible mixed manner with an IC(50) of 4.59 +/- 0.27 microM. The binding constant of quercetin with AChE at 25 degreesC was (5.52 +/- 0.05) x 10(4) L mol(-1). Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were the main interactions in forming the stable quercetin-AChE complex. Computational docking revealed that quercetin was dominant at the peripheral aromatic site in AChE and induced enzymatic allosterism; meanwhile, it extended deep into the active center of AChE and destabilized the hydrogen bond network, which caused the constriction of the gorge entrance and prevented the substrate from entering the enzyme, thus resulting in the inhibition of AChE. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation emphasized the stability of the quercetin-AChE complex and corroborated the previous findings. Interestingly, a combination of galantamine hydrobromide and quercetin exhibited the synergistic inhibition effect by binding to different active sites of AChE. In a beta-amyloid(25-35)-induced oxidative stress injury model in PC12 cells, quercetin exerted neuroprotective effects by increasing the glutathione level and reducing the malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species levels. These findings may provide novel insights into the development and application of quercetin in the dietary treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Title: Aflatoxin B(1) exposure disrupts the intestinal immune function via a soluble epoxide hydrolase-mediated manner Wang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Cheng J, Singh N, Edwards P, Morisseau C and Hammock BD <2 more author(s)> Wang W, Wang Y, Yang J, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Cheng J, Singh N, Edwards P, Morisseau C, Zhang G, Panigrahy D, Hammock BD (- 2) Ref: Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 249:114417, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2022_Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf_249_114417 PubMedSearch: Wang 2022 Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf 249 114417 PubMedID: 36525946 Abstract Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) contamination in food and feed leads to severe global health problems. Acting as the frontier immunological barrier, the intestinal mucosa is constantly challenged by exposure to foodborne toxins such as AFB(1) via contaminated diets, but the detailed toxic mechanism and endogenous regulators of AFB(1) toxicity are still unclear. Here, we showed that AFB(1) disrupted intestinal immune function by suppressing macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, and antimicrobial peptide-secreting Paneth cells. Using an oxylipinomics approach, we identified that AFB(1) immunotoxicity is associated with decreased epoxy fatty acids, notably epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and increased soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) levels in the intestine. Furthermore, sEH deficiency or inhibition rescued the AFB(1)-compromised intestinal immunity by restoring M2 macrophages as well as Paneth cells and their-derived lysozyme and alpha-defensin-3 in mice. Altogether, our study demonstrates that AFB(1) exposure impairs intestinal immunity, at least in part, in a sEH-mediated way. Moreover, the present study supports the potential application of pharmacological intervention by inhibiting the sEH enzyme in alleviating intestinal immunotoxicity and associated complications caused by AFB(1) global contamination. Title: A versatile tag for simple preparation of cutinase towards enhanced biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate Yuan H, Liu G, Chen Y, Yi Z, Jin W, Zhang G Ref: Int J Biol Macromol, :, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Yuan_2022_Int.J.Biol.Macromol__ PubMedSearch: Yuan 2022 Int.J.Biol.Macromol PubMedID: 36403765 Abstract Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) suffered from challenges such as complex and costly enzyme preparation, difficult access to PET substrates, poor reusability of free enzymes and sometimes MHET inhibitions. Herein, we propose an "all-in-one" strategy to address these issues with a well-designed elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) tag. The preparation of the ELPs-tagged cutinase (ET-C) was efficient and easy to scale up by centrifugation, with an activity recovery of 57.55 % and a yield of 160 mg/L. Besides, the activity of the ET-C was 1.3 and 1.66-fold higher in degrading PET micro- and macro-plastics compared to wild-type cutinase. The self-immobilized cutinase (ET-C@SiO(2)) obtained by the ELPs-mediated biosilicification exhibited high loading capacity, activity, and thermostability and maintained 77.65 % of the original activity after 10 reuses. Interestingly, the product of the ET-C was TPA, whereas the wild-type was TPA and MHET. This is a simple way to release the intermediates inhibition compared with the existing methods. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of the versatile ELPs tag, which will pave an alternative economic way for scalable PET biodegradation. Title: GPIHBP1 autoantibody is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis Zhang G, Yang Q, Mao W, Hu Y, Pu N, Deng H, Yu X, Zhang J, Zhou J and Li W <10 more author(s)> Zhang G, Yang Q, Mao W, Hu Y, Pu N, Deng H, Yu X, Zhang J, Zhou J, Ye B, Li G, Li B, Ke L, Tong Z, Murakami M, Kimura T, Nakajima K, Cao W, Liu Y, Li W (- 10) Ref: J Clin Lipidol, :, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2022_J.Clin.Lipidol__ PubMedSearch: Zhang 2022 J.Clin.Lipidol PubMedID: 36064883 Abstract BACKGROUND: GPIHBP1, a glycolipid-anchored protein of capillary endothelial cells, is a crucial partner for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in plasma triglyceride metabolism. GPIHBP1 autoantibodies block LPL binding to GPIHBP1 and lead to severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and HTG-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). We sought to define the incidence of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies in patients with HTG-AP. OBJECTIVE: We determined the incidence of GPIHBP1 autoantibody in HTG-AP patients, and compared the clinical features and long-term outcomes between GPIHBP1 autoantibody-positive and negative groups. METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen for GPIHBP1 autoantibody in 116 HTG-AP patients hospitalized from Jan 1, 2015 to Aug 31, 2019. All patients were followed up for 24 months. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate of HTG-AP during the two-year follow-up period. The incidence of recurrent episodes was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression was used to identify risk factors. RESULTS: GPIHBP1 autoantibodies were present in 17 of 116 study patients (14.66%). The 2-year recurrence rate of HTG-AP was much higher in the GPIHBP1 autoantibody-positive group (35%, 6 in 17) than in the negative group (4%, 4 in 99). The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that GPIHBP1 autoantibody was an independent risk factor for HTG-AP recurrence in two years. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of GPIHBP1 autoantibody is common in patients with HTG-AP, and is an independent risk factor for two-year recurrence of HTG-AP. Title: Green synthesis of polydopamine functionalized magnetic mesoporous biochar for lipase immobilization and its application in interesterification for novel structured lipids production Zhao J, Ma M, Yan X, Zhang G, Xia J, Zeng Z, Yu P, Deng Q, Gong D Ref: Food Chem, 379:132148, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2022_Food.Chem_379_132148 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2022 Food.Chem 379 132148 PubMedID: 35074745 Abstract In this study, the polydopamine functionalized magnetic mesoporous biochar (MPCB-DA) was prepared for immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis lipase via covalent immobilization. Under optimized immobilization conditions, the maximum immobilization yield, efficiency and immobilized lipase amount were found to be 45%, 54% and 36.9 mg/g, respectively. The immobilized lipase, MPCB-DA-Lipase showed good thermal stability and alkali resistance. The MPCB-DA-Lipase retained 56% initial activity after 10 reuse cycles, with more than 85% relative activity after 70 days' storage at 4 or 25 degreesC. The MPCB-DA-Lipase was efficiently applied in the interesterification of Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil and perilla seed oil, with maximum interesterification efficiency of 46%. The produced structured lipids belong to the S(2)U and U(2)S triacylglycerols, a novel medium-and long-chain triacylglycerol. These results demonstrated that the MPCB-DA-Lipase may be used as an efficient biocatalyst in lipid processing applications of food industries. Title: Expression and characterization of a novel lipase from Bacillus licheniformis NCU CS-5 for application in enhancing fatty acids flavor release for low-fat cheeses Zhao J, Ma M, Yan X, Zhang G, Xia J, Zeng G, Tian W, Bao X, Zeng Z and Gong D <1 more author(s)> Zhao J, Ma M, Yan X, Zhang G, Xia J, Zeng G, Tian W, Bao X, Zeng Z, Yu P, Gong D (- 1) Ref: Food Chem, 368:130868, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2022_Food.Chem_368_130868 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2022 Food.Chem 368 130868 PubMedID: 34438173 Gene_locus related to this paper: bacld-q65hr4 Abstract A novel lipase from Bacillus licheniformis NCU CS-5 was expressed in different Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant enzyme achieved a high activity (161.74 U/mL) with protein concentration of 0.27 mg/mL under optimal conditions at the large-scale expression of 12 h. The recombinant lipase showed optimal activity at 40 degC and pH 10.0, and maintained more than 80% relative activity after 96 h of incubation at pH 9.0-10.0. This typical alkaline lipase was activated under medium temperature conditions (30 and 45 degC for 96 h). The lipase exhibited a degree of adaptability in various organic solvents and metal ions, and showed high specificity towards triglycerides with short and medium chain fatty acids. Among different substrates, the lipase showed the strongest binding affinity towards pNPP (Km = 0.674 mM, Vmax = 950.196 microM/min). In the experiments of its application in enhancing fatty acids flavor release for low-fat cheeses, the lipase was found to hydrolyze cheeses and mainly increase the contents of butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid and decanoic acid. The results from NMR and GC provided the possibility of enhancing fatty acids flavor released from low-fat cheeses by the lipolysis method. Title: Ric8 acts as a regulator of G-protein signaling required for nematode-trapping lifecycle of Arthrobotrys oligospora Bai N, Zhang G, Wang W, Feng H, Yang X, Zheng Y, Yang L, Xie M, Zhang KQ, Yang J Ref: Environ Microbiol, :, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Bai_2021_Environ.Microbiol__ PubMedSearch: Bai 2021 Environ.Microbiol PubMedID: 34431203 Abstract Resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (Ric8) is a conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is involved in the regulation of G-protein signaling in filamentous fungi. Here, we characterized an orthologous Ric8 (AoRic8) in Arthrobotrys oligospora by multi-omics analyses. The Aoric8 deletion (deltaAoric8) mutants lost an ability to produce traps essential for nematode predation, accompanied by a marked reduction in cAMP level. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that AoRic8 interacted with G-protein subunit Galpha1. Moreover, the mutants were compromised in mycelia growth, conidiation, stress resistance, endocytosis, cellular components, and intrahyphal hyphae. Revealed by transcriptomic analysis differentially upregulated genes in the absence of Aoric8 were involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and recombination during trap formation while downregulated genes were primarily involved in organelles, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis showed that many compounds were markedly downregulated in deltaAoric8 mutants versus the wild-type strain. Our results demonstrated a crucial role for AoRic8 in the fungal growth, environmental adaption, and nematode predation through control of cell cycle, organelle, and secondary metabolism by G-protein signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Title: Evaluation of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Chronic Kidney Disease Qu H, Zhang G, Pan J, Huang Y, Lv W Ref: Clin Lab, 67:, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Qu_2021_Clin.Lab_67_ PubMedSearch: Qu 2021 Clin.Lab 67 PubMedID: 34383418 Abstract BACKGROUND: The leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is atherosclerosis (AS). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a biomarker of atherosclerotic plaque stability. The aim of our study was to analyze the association of Lp-PLA2 with CKD complicated with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis (CAS). METHODS: Serum specimens were collected from 77 CKD patients and 39 healthy controls. Laboratory examination results including glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp-PLA2 were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, glucose, and Lp-PLA2 were considered as risks for CKD-CAS with odds ratios (OR) of 1.111 (95% CI: 1.055, 1.170), 5.123 (95% CI: 1.482, 17.714), 1.679 (95% CI: 1.123, 2.512), and 1.023 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.037), respectively. The AUC for Lp-PLA2 and glucose was 0.618 (p = 0.014) and 0.592 (p = 0.057), respectively. The best diagnostic value was archived by Lp-PLA2 with the cutoff value of 201.06 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Lp-PLA2 is a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for CKD-CAS. Title: Structure-activity relationship, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel dienyl sulphonyl fluorides as selective BuChE inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease Wu C, Zhang G, Zhang ZW, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Li H, Qin HL, Tang W Ref: J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem, 36:1860, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Wu_2021_J.Enzyme.Inhib.Med.Chem_36_1860 PubMedSearch: Wu 2021 J.Enzyme.Inhib.Med.Chem 36 1860 PubMedID: 34425715 Abstract To discover novel scaffolds as leads against dementia, a series of delta-aryl-1,3-dienesulfonyl fluorides with alpha-halo, alpha-aryl and alpha-alkynyl were assayed for ChE inhibitory activity, in which compound A10 was identified as a selective BuChE inhibitor (IC(50) = 0.021 microM for eqBChE, 3.62 microM for hBuChE). SAR of BuChE inhibition showed: (i) o- > m- > p-; -OCH(3) > -CH(3) > -Cl (-Br) for delta-aryl; (ii) alpha-Br > alpha-Cl, alpha-I. Compound A10 exhibited neuroprotective, BBB penetration, mixed competitive inhibitory effect on BuChE (K(i) = 29 nM), and benign neural and hepatic safety. Treatment with A10 could almost entirely recover the Abeta(1-42)-induced cognitive dysfunction to the normal level, and the assessment of total amount of Abeta(1-42) confirmed its anti-amyloidogenic profile. Therefore, the potential BuChE inhibitor A10 is a promising effective lead for the treatment of AD. Title: Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value of the Neuronal Protein Neuroligin 2 in Breast Cancer Zhang G, Sun Y, Wu ZS, Huang X Ref: Front Oncol, 11:630257, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2021_Front.Oncol_11_630257 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2021 Front.Oncol 11 630257 PubMedID: 34804909 Abstract Neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) is a well-recognized transmembrane scaffolding protein that functions in synapse development and neuronal signal transduction. It has recently been implicated in multiple diseases of peripheral ectodermal origin. However, the potential roles of NLGN2 in tumors remain ill-defined. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance and prognostic value of NLGN2 in breast cancer. To this end, breast cancer datasets were extracted from TCGA and other public databases, and subjected to Kaplan-Meier potter for survival analysis, GEPIA2 for assessing the immunological relevance of NLGN2 and THPA for identifying its subcellular localization. The in-silico results were further validated by immunohistochemistry analysis of in-house tumor tissue specimens. NLGN2 was identified as a prognostic factor in breast cancer subtypes, and its high expression correlated to a favorable survival outcome. Moreover, NLGN2 overexpression in breast cancer was significantly associated with large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, late TNM stage, and high histological grade. Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between the expression level of NLGN2 and the immunomodulatory molecules, along with increased interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes. Furthermore, NLGN2 was predominantly localized in the mitochondria of breast cancer cells. In conclusion, NLGN2 has a prognostic role and immunoregulatory potential in breast cancer, and its functions likely have a mitochondrial basis. It is a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer and should be explored further. Title: DECR1 directly activates HSL to promote lipolysis in cervical cancer cells Zhou H, Zhang J, Yan Z, Qu M, Zhang G, Han J, Wang F, Sun K, Wang L, Yang X Ref: Biochimica & Biophysica Acta Molecular & Cellular Biology Lipids, :159090, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhou_2021_Biochim.Biophys.Acta.Mol.Cell.Biol.Lipids__159090 PubMedSearch: Zhou 2021 Biochim.Biophys.Acta.Mol.Cell.Biol.Lipids 159090 PubMedID: 34896618 Abstract Fatty acids have a high turnover rate in cancer cells to supply energy for tumor growth and proliferation. Lipolysis is particularly important for the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis and in the maintenance of cancer cells. In the current study, we explored how 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR1), a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase associated with mitochondrial and cytoplasmic compartments, promotes cancer cell growth. We report that DECR1 overexpression significantly reduced the triglyceride (TAG) content in HeLa cells; conversely, DECR1 silencing increased intracellular TAG content. Subsequently, our experiments demonstrate that DECR1 promotes lipolysis via effects on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The direct interaction of DECR1 with HSL increases HSL phosphorylation and activity, facilitating the translocation of HSL to lipid droplets. The ensuing enhancement of lipolysis thus increases the release of free fatty acids. Downstream effects include the promotion of cervical cancer cell migration and growth, associated with the enhanced levels of p62 protein. In summary, high levels of DECR1 serves to enhance lipolysis and the release of fatty acid energy stores to support cervical cancer cell growth. Title: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of acridone glycosides as selective BChE inhibitors Ma W, Bi J, Zhao C, Gao Y, Zhang G Ref: Carbohydr Res, 491:107977, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2020_Carbohydr.Res_491_107977 PubMedSearch: Ma 2020 Carbohydr.Res 491 107977 PubMedID: 32169593 Abstract Based on structure analyses of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a series of 21 acridone glycosides were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their BChE and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. d-ribose derivative 6f exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity on BChE (IC50 = 6.95 muM), and was the most selective inhibitor of BChE with the IC50 ratio of AChE/BChE was 20.59. d-glucose and d-galactose derivatives 6a and 6b showed inhibitory activities against both AChE and BChE. Moreover, compounds 6a, 6b, 6f and 5t were found nontoxic on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma and HepG2 cell and exhibited remarkable neuroprotective activity. Besides, compound 6f showed mixed-type inhibition against BChE (Ki = 1.76 muM), which renders 6f a potential agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These novel acridone hybrids might be used as efficient probes to reveal the relationship between ligands and BChE and pave the way for developing selective BChE inhibitors to further study the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. Title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase is an endogenous regulator of obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation Wang Y, Yang J, Wang W, Sanidad KZ, Cinelli MA, Wan D, Hwang SH, Kim D, Lee KSS and Zhang G <2 more author(s)> Wang Y, Yang J, Wang W, Sanidad KZ, Cinelli MA, Wan D, Hwang SH, Kim D, Lee KSS, Xiao H, Hammock BD, Zhang G (- 2) Ref: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117:8431, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2020_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_117_8431 PubMedSearch: Wang 2020 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 117 8431 PubMedID: 32220957 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-EPHX2 Abstract Intestinal barrier dysfunction, which leads to translocation of bacteria or toxic bacterial products from the gut into bloodstream and results in systemic inflammation, is a key pathogenic factor in many human diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to intestinal barrier defects are not well understood, and there are currently no available therapeutic approaches to target intestinal barrier function. Here we show that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an endogenous regulator of obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We find that sEH is overexpressed in the colons of obese mice. In addition, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of sEH abolishes obesity-induced gut leakage, translocation of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide or bacteria, and bacterial invasion-induced adipose inflammation. Furthermore, systematic treatment with sEH-produced lipid metabolites, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, induces bacterial translocation and colonic inflammation in mice. The actions of sEH are mediated by gut bacteria-dependent mechanisms, since inhibition or genetic ablation of sEH fails to attenuate obesity-induced gut leakage and adipose inflammation in mice lacking gut bacteria. Overall, these results support that sEH is a potential therapeutic target for obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, and that sEH inhibitors, which have been evaluated in human clinical trials targeting other human disorders, could be promising agents for prevention and/or treatment. Title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target for obesity-induced disorders: roles of gut barrier function involved Zhang J, Tu M, Liu Z, Zhang G Ref: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 162:102180, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2020_Prostaglandins.Leukot.Essent.Fatty.Acids_162_102180 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2020 Prostaglandins.Leukot.Essent.Fatty.Acids 162 102180 PubMedID: 33038829 Abstract Emerging research supports that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in eicosanoid metabolism, could be a promising target for obesity-associated disorders. The sEH enzyme is overexpressed in many tissues of obese animals. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of sEH attenuates the development of a wide range of obesity-induced disorders, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic syndrome, kidney diseases, insulin resistance, fatty liver, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, our recent research showed that genetic ablation or inhibition of sEH attenuated obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and its resulted bacterial translocation, which is widely regarded to be a central mechanism for the pathogenesis of various obesity-induced disorders. Together, these results support that targeting sEH could be a promising strategy to reduce risks of obesity-induced disorders, at least in part through blocking obesity-induced leaky gut syndrome. Title: Ethanol extracts from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel: Potential bioactivities as affected by alkaline hydrolysis and simulated gastrointestinal digestion Zhang G, Yan X, Wu S, Ma M, Yu P, Gong D, Deng S, Zeng Z Ref: Food Res Int, 137:109363, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2020_Food.Res.Int_137_109363 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2020 Food.Res.Int 137 109363 PubMedID: 33233066 Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of potential bioactivities of ethanol extracts (EE) from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel (CCSK) after alkaline hydrolysis and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. A total of 13 compounds in EE, mainly phenolics and saponins were tentatively identified using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS(2) analysis. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in EE decreased by 30.6%, 1%, 33% and 11.8% after hydrolysis and digestion, respectively. The total saponins content decreased by 17% after hydrolysis while increased by 48% after digestion. The total condensed tannin contents increased by 70.3% and 17.2% after hydrolysis and digestion, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating activity (MCA) were used to determine antioxidant activity. Overall, the changes of antioxidant activities by hydrolysis and digestion were consistent with the changes of their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities in EE increased by 817% and 33.3% after digestion while decreased by 12.3% and 19% after hydrolysis, respectively. Although the inhibitory activities of cholinesterase, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase were decreased by hydrolysis and digestion, most of these activities were retained. These results showed that CCSK ethanol extracts had strong bioactivities and were reasonably stable to alkali and digestive enzymes. Title: Discovery of Aryl Formyl Piperidine Derivatives as Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors Zhi Z, Zhang W, Yao J, Shang Y, Hao Q, Liu Z, Ren Y, Li J, Zhang G, Wang J Ref: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, :, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhi_2020_J.Med.Chem__ PubMedSearch: Zhi 2020 J.Med.Chem PubMedID: 32429662 Abstract Most of the current MAGL inhibitors function by an irreversible mechanism of action, causing a series of side effects. Herein, starting from irreversible inhibitors, 25 compounds were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for MAGL inhibition, among which, compound 36 showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15 nM).Crucially, docking studies demonstrated that the m-chlorine-substituted aniline fragment occupied a hydrophobic sub-pocket enclosed by side chains of Val191, Tyr194, Val270, and Lys273, which creatively identify a new key anchoring point for the development of new MAGL inhibitors. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation innovatively revealed that this reversible inhibitor 36 significantly displayed the depressive-like behaviors induced by reserpine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that reversible inhibitors of MAGL were developed to support MAGL as a potential therapeutic target for depression. Title: Donepezil prevents ox-LDL-induced attachment of THP-1 monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) Zhou S, Li Z, Liu P, Wang S, Zhao J, Zhang G Ref: Chemical Research in Toxicology, :, 2020 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhou_2020_Chem.Res.Toxicol__ PubMedSearch: Zhou 2020 Chem.Res.Toxicol PubMedID: 32174113 Abstract Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)- induced endothelial insults plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Donepezil is a well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with its primary application being the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. More recently, there has been increased interest in donepezil as an anti-atherosclerosis treatment as it possesses a host of relevant and potentially beneficial properties. In the present study, we found that donepezil could reduce the expression of lectin-type oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1)in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found that donepezil could suppress the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which recruits monocytes to adhere to the endothelium, by more than half. Another key finding of our study is that donepezil could reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by more than half at both the mRNA and protein transcriptional levels. Donepezil also reduced the expression of tissue factor (TF), which is considerably upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions, by more than half. Finally, we turned our attention to the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) for its potential role in mediating the effects of donepezil. Through our Egr-1 overexpression experiment, we found that overexpression of Egr-1 almost completely abolished the effects of donepezil described above. Thus, the effects of donepezil are likely mediated through downregulation of Egr-1. These findings provide evidence that donepezil may exert protective effects against atherosclerosis. Title: Highly Selective Synthesis of Monolaurin via Enzymatic Transesterification under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions Chen F, Zhang G, Liu C, Zhang J, Zhao F, Xu B Ref: J Oleo Sci, 68:1125, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2019_J.Oleo.Sci_68_1125 PubMedSearch: Chen 2019 J.Oleo.Sci 68 1125 PubMedID: 31611516 Abstract This study aimed to investigate the highly selective production of monolaurin via enzymatic transesterification of methyl laurate and glycerol. It was determined that a binary solvent system (tert-butanol/iso-propanol, 20:80, wt./wt.) was suitable for the enzymatic production of monolaurin, especially in the continuous process. The highest mass fraction of monolaurin in the product mixture (80.8 wt.%) was achieved in a batch mode under the following conditions: a methyl laurate-to-glycerol molar ratio of 1:6, a substrate concentration (methyl laurate in the binary solvent) of 15 wt.%, an enzyme dosage of 6 wt.% of the amount of methyl laurate, and a reaction time of 1.5 h at 50 degC. Compared with the results under the batch conditions, a slightly higher yield of monolaurin (82.5 +/- 2.5 wt.%) was obtained in a continuous flow system at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min, while the mass fraction of dilaurin in the product mixture was only 0.7 +/- 0.6 wt.%. In addition, the yield of monolaurin remained almost unchanged during the 18 tested days of the continuous experiment. Title: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a Tail Switching Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton Chen Z, Mori W, Deng X, Cheng R, Ogasawara D, Zhang G, Schafroth MA, Dahl K, Fu H and Liang SH <24 more author(s)> Chen Z, Mori W, Deng X, Cheng R, Ogasawara D, Zhang G, Schafroth MA, Dahl K, Fu H, Hatori A, Shao T, Zhang Y, Yamasaki T, Zhang X, Rong J, Yu Q, Hu K, Fujinaga M, Xie L, Kumata K, Gou Y, Chen J, Gu S, Bao L, Wang L, Collier TL, Vasdev N, Shao Y, Ma JA, Cravatt BF, Fowler C, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH (- 24) Ref: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 62:3336, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2019_J.Med.Chem_62_3336 PubMedSearch: Chen 2019 J.Med.Chem 62 3336 PubMedID: 30829483 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-MGLL Abstract Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with (11)C or (18)F. [(11)C]8 ([(11)C]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [(11)C]17 ([(11)C]PAD) and [(18)F]37 ([(18)F]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms. Title: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of (18)F-Labeled Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors as Novel Positron Emission Tomography Probes Chen Z, Mori W, Fu H, Schafroth MA, Hatori A, Shao T, Zhang G, Van RS, Zhang Y and Liang SH <17 more author(s)> Chen Z, Mori W, Fu H, Schafroth MA, Hatori A, Shao T, Zhang G, Van RS, Zhang Y, Hu K, Fujinaga M, Wang L, Belov V, Ogasawara D, Giffenig P, Deng X, Rong J, Yu Q, Zhang X, Papisov MI, Shao Y, Collier TL, Ma JA, Cravatt BF, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH (- 17) Ref: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 62:8866, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2019_J.Med.Chem_62_8866 PubMedSearch: Chen 2019 J.Med.Chem 62 8866 PubMedID: 31518130 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: PF-06795071 Abstract Dysfunction of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is associated with several psychopathological disorders, including drug addiction and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we design, synthesize, and evaluate several irreversible fluorine-containing MAGL inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) ligand development. Compound 6 (identified from a therapeutic agent) was advanced for (18)F-labeling via a novel spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) strategy, which demonstrated high brain permeability and excellent specific binding. This work supports further development of novel (18)F-labeled MAGL PET probes. Title: Challenges in Fluorescence Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Vapors Using Solid-State Films Fan S, Zhang G, Dennison GH, FitzGerald N, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE Ref: Adv Mater, :e1905785, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Fan_2019_Adv.Mater__e1905785 PubMedSearch: Fan 2019 Adv.Mater e1905785 PubMedID: 31692155 Abstract Organophosphorus (OP)-based nerve agents are extremely toxic and potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and recent attacks involving nerve agents highlight the need for fast detection and intervention. Fluorescence-based detection, where the sensing material undergoes a chemical reaction with the agent causing a measurable change in the luminescence, is one method for sensing and identifying nerve agents. Most studies use the simulants diethylchlorophosphate and di-iso-propylfluorophosphate to evaluate the performance of sensors due to their reduced toxicity relative to OP nerve agents. While detection of nerve agent simulants in solution is relatively widely reported, there are fewer reports on vapor detection using solid-state sensors. Herein, progress in organic semiconductor sensing materials developed for solid-state detection of OP-based nerve agent vapors is reviewed. The effect of acid impurities arising from the hydrolysis of simulants and nerve agents on the efficacy and selectivity of the reported sensing materials is also discussed. Indeed, in some cases it is unclear whether it is the simulant that is detected or the acid hydrolysis products. Finally, it is highlighted that while analyte diffusion into the sensing film is critical in the design of fast, responsive sensing systems, it is an area that is currently not well studied. Title: Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inactivation by Using URB602 Mitigates Myocardial Damage in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest Hai K, Chen G, Gou X, Jang H, Gong D, Cheng Y, Gong C, Li X, Liu Y and Liu J <4 more author(s)> Hai K, Chen G, Gou X, Jang H, Gong D, Cheng Y, Gong C, Li X, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang G, Yang L, Ke B, Liu J (- 4) Ref: Critical Care Medicine, 47:e144, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Hai_2019_Crit.Care.Med_47_e144 PubMedSearch: Hai 2019 Crit.Care.Med 47 e144 PubMedID: 30431495 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Monoacylglycerol lipase participates in organ protection by regulating the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. This study investigated whether blocking monoacylglycerol lipase protects against postresuscitation myocardial injury and improves survival in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DESIGN: Prospective randomized laboratory study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rat (n = 96). INTERVENTIONS: Rats underwent 8-minute asphyxia-based cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Surviving rats were randomly divided into cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group, cardiopulmonary resuscitation group, and sham group. One minute after successful resuscitation, rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 group received a single dose of URB602 (5 mg/kg), a small-molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, whereas rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution. The sham rats underwent all of the procedures performed on rats in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation + URB602 groups minus cardiac arrest and asphyxia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Survival was recorded 168 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation (n = 22 in each group). Compared with vehicle treatment (31.8%), URB602 treatment markedly improved survival (63.6%) 168 hours after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Next, we used additional surviving rats to evaluate myocardial and mitochondrial injury 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation, and we found that URB602 significantly reduced myocardial injury and prevented myocardial mitochondrial damage. In addition, URB602 attenuated the dysregulation of endocannabinoid and eicosanoid metabolism 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation and prevented the acceleration of mitochondrial permeability transition 15 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation. CONCLUSIONS: Monoacylglycerol lipase blockade may reduce myocardial and mitochondrial injury and significantly improve the resuscitation effect after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Title: Heterologous biosynthesis of elsinochrome A sheds light on the formation of the photosensitive perylenequinone system Hu J, Sarrami F, Li H, Zhang G, Stubbs KA, Lacey E, Stewart SG, Karton A, Piggott AM, Chooi YH Ref: Chem Sci, 10:1457, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Hu_2019_Chem.Sci_10_1457 PubMedSearch: Hu 2019 Chem.Sci 10 1457 PubMedID: 30809363 Gene_locus related to this paper: phano-elca Abstract Perylenequinones are a class of aromatic polyketides characterised by a highly conjugated pentacyclic core, which confers them with potent light-induced bioactivities and unique photophysical properties. Despite the biosynthetic gene clusters for the perylenequinones elsinochrome A (1), cercosporin (4) and hypocrellin A (6) being recently identified, key biosynthetic aspects remain elusive. Here, we first expressed the intact elc gene cluster encoding 1 from the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum heterologously in Aspergillus nidulans on a yeast-fungal artificial chromosome (YFAC). This led to the identification of a novel flavin-dependent monooxygenase, ElcH, responsible for oxidative enolate coupling of a perylenequinone intermediate to the hexacyclic dihydrobenzo(ghi)perylenequinone in 1. In the absence of ElcH, the perylenequione intermediate formed a hexacyclic cyclohepta(ghi)perylenequinone system via an intramolecular aldol reaction resulting in 6 and a novel hypocrellin 12 with opposite helicity to 1. Theoretical calculations supported that 6 and 12 resulted from atropisomerisation upon formation of the 7-membered ring. Using a bottom-up pathway reconstruction approach on a tripartite YFAC system developed in this study, we uncovered that both a berberine bridge enzyme-like oxidase ElcE and a laccase-like multicopper oxidase ElcG are involved in the double coupling of two naphthol intermediates to form the perylenequinone core. Gene swapping with the homologs from the biosynthetic pathway of 4 showed that cognate pairing of the two classes of oxidases is required for the formation of the perylenequinone core, suggesting the involvement of protein-protein interactions. Title: Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates a high-fat diet-mediated renal injury by activating PAX2 and AMPK Luo Y, Wu MY, Deng BQ, Huang J, Hwang SH, Li MY, Zhou CY, Zhang QY, Yu HB and Liu JY <5 more author(s)> Luo Y, Wu MY, Deng BQ, Huang J, Hwang SH, Li MY, Zhou CY, Zhang QY, Yu HB, Zhao DK, Zhang G, Qin L, Peng A, Hammock BD, Liu JY (- 5) Ref: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 116:5154, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Luo_2019_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_116_5154 PubMedSearch: Luo 2019 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 116 5154 PubMedID: 30804206 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: SCHEMBL15272467 Abstract A high-fat diet (HFD) causes obesity-associated morbidities involved in macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). AMPK, the mediator of macroautophage, has been reported to be inactivated in HFD-caused renal injury. However, PAX2, the mediator for CMA, has not been reported in HFD-caused renal injury. Here we report that HFD-caused renal injury involved the inactivation of Pax2 and Ampk, and the activation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in a murine model. Specifically, mice fed on an HFD for 2, 4, and 8 wk showed time-dependent renal injury, the significant decrease in renal Pax2 and Ampk at both mRNA and protein levels, and a significant increase in renal sEH at mRNA, protein, and molecular levels. Also, administration of an sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea, significantly attenuated the HFD-caused renal injury, decreased renal sEH consistently at mRNA and protein levels, modified the renal levels of sEH-mediated epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) as expected, and increased renal Pax2 and Ampk at mRNA and/or protein levels. Furthermore, palmitic acid (PA) treatment caused significant increase in Mcp-1, and decrease in both Pax2 and Ampk in murine renal mesangial cells (mRMCs) time- and dose-dependently. Also, 14(15)-EET (a major substrate of sEH), but not its sEH-mediated metabolite 14,15-DHET, significantly reversed PA-induced increase in Mcp-1, and PA-induced decrease in Pax2 and Ampk. In addition, plasmid construction revealed that Pax2 may positively regulate Ampk transcriptionally in mRMCs. This study provides insights into and therapeutic target for the HFD-mediated renal injury. Title: Detoxification Genes Differ Between Cactus-, Fruit-, and Flower-Feeding Drosophila Rane RV, Clarke DF, Pearce SL, Zhang G, Hoffmann AA, Oakeshott JG Ref: Journal of Heredity, 110:80, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Rane_2019_J.Hered_110_80 PubMedSearch: Rane 2019 J.Hered 110 80 PubMedID: 30445496 Abstract We use annotated genomes of 14 Drosophila species covering diverse host use phenotypes to test whether 4 gene families that often have detoxification functions are associated with host shifts among species. Bark, slime flux, flower, and generalist necrotic fruit-feeding species all have similar numbers of carboxyl/cholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes. However, species feeding on toxic Morinda citrifolia fruit and the fresh fruit-feeding Drosophila suzukii have about 30 and 60 more, respectively. ABC transporters show a different pattern, with the flower-feeding D. elegans and the generalist necrotic fruit and cactus feeder D. hydei having about 20 and >100 more than the other species, respectively. Surprisingly, despite the complex secondary chemistry we find that 3 cactophilic specialists in the mojavensis species cluster have variably fewer genes than any of the other species across all 4 families. We also find 82 positive selection events across the 4 families, with the terminal D. suzukii and M. citrifolia-feeding D. sechellia branches again having the highest number of such events in proportion to their respective branch lengths. Many of the genes involved in these host-use-specific gene number differences or positive selection events lie in specific clades of the gene families that have been recurrently associated with detoxification. Several genes are also found to be involved in multiple duplication and/or positive selection events across the species studied regardless of their host use phenotypes; the most frequently involved are the ABC transporter CG1718, which is not in a specific clade associated with detoxification, and the alpha-esterase gene cluster, which is. Title: Ambient temperature-mediated enzymic activities and intestinal microflora in Lymantria dispar larvae Zeng J, Shi Z, Shi J, Guo J, Zhang G, Zhang J Ref: Archives of Insect Biochemistry & Physiology, :e21597, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Zeng_2019_Arch.Insect.Biochem.Physiol__e21597 PubMedSearch: Zeng 2019 Arch.Insect.Biochem.Physiol e21597 PubMedID: 31328829 Abstract To understand how ambient temperature affect the gypsy moth larvae, and provide a theoretical basis for pest control in different environments. Fourth instar gypsy moth larvae were incubating for 3 hr at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, respectively. Afterward, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora community were analyzed to reveal how the caterpillars respond to ambient temperature stress. Results showed that both digestive and antioxidant enzymes were regulated by the ambient temperature. The optimum incubation temperatures of protease, amylase, trehalase, and lipase in gypsy moth larvae were 30, 25, and 20, respectively. When the incubation temperature was deviated optimum temperatures, digestive enzyme activities would be downregulated depending on the extent of temperature stress. In addition, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase would be activated under a sufferable temperature stress, but superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterase (CarE) would be inhibited. In addition, results showed that the top two abundant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The phylum Firmicutes abundance was decreased and phylum Proteobacteria abundance was increased by ambient temperature stress. Moreover, it suggested that gypsy moth caterpillars at different ambient temperature mainly differed from each other by Escherichia-Shigella and Bifidobacterium in control, Acinetobacter in T15, and Lactobacillus in T40, respectively. Title: Expression, functional analysis and mutation of a novel neutral zearalenone-degrading enzyme Wang M, Yin L, Hu H, Selvaraj JN, Zhou Y, Zhang G Ref: Int J Biol Macromol, 118:1284, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2018_Int.J.Biol.Macromol_118_1284 PubMedSearch: Wang 2018 Int.J.Biol.Macromol 118 1284 PubMedID: 29949749 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9euro-a0a0d2ilk1 Abstract The crops and grains were often contaminated by high level of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN). In order to remove ZEN and keep food safe, ZEN-degrading or detoxifying enzymes are urgently needed. Here, a newly identified lactonohydrolase responsible for the detoxification of ZEN, annotated as Zhd518, was expressed and characterized. Zhd518 showed 65% amino acid identity with Zhd101, which was widely studied for its ZEN-degrading ability. A detailed activity measurement method of ZEN-degrading enzyme was provided. Biochemical analysis indicated that the purified recombinant Zhd518 from E. coli exhibited a high activity against ZEN (207.0 U/mg), with the optimal temperature and pH of 40 degreeC and 8.0, respectively. The Zhd518 can degrade ZEN derivatives, and the specific activities against alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol, alpha-Zearalanol and beta-Zearalanol were 23.0 U/mg, 64.7 U/mg, 119.8 U/mg and 66.5 U/mg, respectively. The active sites of Zhd518 were predicted by structure modeling and determined by mutation analysis. A point mutant N156H exhibited 3.3-fold activity against alpha-Zearalenol comparing to Zhd518. Zhd518 is the first reported neutral and the second characterized ZEN-degrading enzyme, which provides a new and more excellent candidate for ZEN detoxifying in food and feed industry. Title: miR-29 contributes to normal endothelial function and can restore it in cardiometabolic disorders Widlansky ME, Jensen DM, Wang J, Liu Y, Geurts AM, Kriegel AJ, Liu P, Ying R, Zhang G and Liang M <7 more author(s)> Widlansky ME, Jensen DM, Wang J, Liu Y, Geurts AM, Kriegel AJ, Liu P, Ying R, Zhang G, Casati M, Chu C, Malik M, Branum A, Tanner MJ, Tyagi S, Usa K, Liang M (- 7) Ref: EMBO Mol Med, 10:, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Widlansky_2018_EMBO.Mol.Med_10_ PubMedSearch: Widlansky 2018 EMBO.Mol.Med 10 PubMedID: 29374012 Abstract We investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNA) in endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiometabolic disorders represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). miR-29 was dysregulated in resistance arterioles obtained by biopsy in T2DM patients. Intraluminal delivery of miR-29a-3p or miR-29b-3p mimics restored normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) in T2DM arterioles that otherwise exhibited impaired EDVD Intraluminal delivery of anti-miR-29b-3p in arterioles from non-DM human subjects or rats or targeted mutation of Mir29b-1/a gene in rats led to impaired EDVD and exacerbation of hypertension in the rats. miR-29b-3p mimic increased, while anti-miR-29b-3p or Mir29b-1/a gene mutation decreased, nitric oxide levels in arterioles. The mutation of Mir29b-1/a gene led to preferential differential expression of genes related to nitric oxide including Lypla1. Lypla1 was a direct target of miR-29 and could abrogate the effect of miR-29 in promoting nitric oxide production. Treatment with Lypla1 siRNA improved EDVD in arterioles obtained from T2DM patients or Mir29b-1/a mutant rats or treated with anti-miR-29b-3p. These findings indicate miR-29 is required for normal endothelial function in humans and animal models and has therapeutic potential for cardiometabolic disorders. Title: Functional genomics-guided discovery of a light-activated phytotoxin in the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum via pathway activation Chooi YH, Zhang G, Hu J, Muria-Gonzalez MJ, Tran PN, Pettitt A, Maier AG, Barrow RA, Solomon PS Ref: Environ Microbiol, 19:1975, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Chooi_2017_Environ.Microbiol_19_1975 PubMedSearch: Chooi 2017 Environ.Microbiol 19 1975 PubMedID: 28251756 Gene_locus related to this paper: phano-elca Abstract Parastagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat. The contribution of secondary metabolites to this pathosystem is poorly understood. A biosynthetic gene cluster (SNOG_08608-08616) has been shown to be upregulated during the late stage of P. nodorum wheat leaf infection. The gene cluster shares several homologues with the Cercospora nicotianae CTB gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of cercosporin. Activation of the gene cluster by overexpression (OE) of the transcription factor gene (SNOG_08609) in P. nodorum resulted in the production of elsinochrome C, a perelyenequinone phytotoxin structurally similar to cercosporin. Heterologous expression of the polyketide synthase gene elcA from the gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the production of the polyketide precursor nortoralactone common to the cercosporin pathway. Elsinochrome C could be detected on wheat leaves infected with P. nodorum, but not in the elcA disruption mutant. The compound was shown to exhibit necrotic activity on wheat leaves in a light-dependent manner. Wheat seedling infection assays showed that deltaelcA exhibited reduced virulence compared with wild type, while infection by an OE strain overproducing elsinochrome C resulted in larger lesions on leaves. These data provided evidence that elsinochrome C contributes to the virulence of P. nodorum against wheat. Title: MOST: most-similar ligand based approach to target prediction Huang T, Mi H, Lin CY, Zhao L, Zhong LL, Liu FB, Zhang G, Lu AP, Bian ZX Ref: BMC Bioinformatics, 18:165, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Huang_2017_BMC.Bioinformatics_18_165 PubMedSearch: Huang 2017 BMC.Bioinformatics 18 165 PubMedID: 28284192 Abstract BACKGROUND: Many computational approaches have been used for target prediction, including machine learning, reverse docking, bioactivity spectra analysis, and chemical similarity searching. Recent studies have suggested that chemical similarity searching may be driven by the most-similar ligand. However, the extent of bioactivity of most-similar ligands has been oversimplified or even neglected in these studies, and this has impaired the prediction power. Title: Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Multifunctional Agents Targeting Free Radicals, Monoamine Oxidase B and Cholinesterase in Parkinson's Disease Model Liu Z, Cai W, Lang M, Yan R, Li Z, Zhang G, Yu P, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z Ref: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 61:498, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Liu_2017_J.Mol.Neurosci_61_498 PubMedSearch: Liu 2017 J.Mol.Neurosci 61 498 PubMedID: 28144826 Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial pathologies, including progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme activity. There are currently only a few agents approved to ameliorate the symptoms of PD; however, no agent is able to reverse the progression of the disease. Due to the multifactorial pathologies, it is necessary to develop multifunctional agents that can affect more than one target involved in the disease pathology. We have designed and synthesized a series of new multifunctional anti-Parkinson's compounds which can protect cerebral granular neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) insult, scavenge free radicals, and inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO)/cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Among them, MT-20R exhibited the most potent MAO-B inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. We further investigated the neuroprotective effects of MT-20R using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model. In vivo, MT-20R alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits, raised the striatal contents of dopamine and its metabolites, and restored the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the number of TH-positive DA neurons in the substantia nigra. Additionally, MT-20R enhanced the expression of Bcl-2, decreased the expression of Bax and Caspase 3, and activated the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that MT-20R may be a novel therapeutic candidate for treatment of PD. Title: Karyotype Stability and Unbiased Fractionation in the Paleo-Allotetraploid Cucurbita Genomes Sun H, Wu S, Zhang G, Jiao C, Guo S, Ren Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gong G and Xu Y <7 more author(s)> Sun H, Wu S, Zhang G, Jiao C, Guo S, Ren Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gong G, Jia Z, Zhang F, Tian J, Lucas WJ, Doyle JJ, Li H, Fei Z, Xu Y (- 7) Ref: Mol Plant, 10:1293, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Sun_2017_Mol.Plant_10_1293 PubMedSearch: Sun 2017 Mol.Plant 10 1293 PubMedID: 28917590 Gene_locus related to this paper: cucma-a0a6j1jlb1, cucma-a0a6j1i8e2 Abstract The Cucurbita genus contains several economically important species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Here, we report high-quality genome sequences of C. maxima and C. moschata and provide evidence supporting an allotetraploidization event in Cucurbita. We are able to partition the genome into two homoeologous subgenomes based on different genetic distances to melon, cucumber, and watermelon in the Benincaseae tribe. We estimate that the two diploid progenitors successively diverged from Benincaseae around 31 and 26 million years ago (Mya), respectively, and the allotetraploidization happened at some point between 26 Mya and 3 Mya, the estimated date when C. maxima and C. moschata diverged. The subgenomes have largely maintained the chromosome structures of their diploid progenitors. Such long-term karyotype stability after polyploidization has not been commonly observed in plant polyploids. The two subgenomes have retained similar numbers of genes, and neither subgenome is globally dominant in gene expression. Allele-specific expression analysis in the C. maxima x C. moschata interspecific F(1) hybrid and their two parents indicates the predominance of trans-regulatory effects underlying expression divergence of the parents, and detects transgressive gene expression changes in the hybrid correlated with heterosis in important agronomic traits. Our study provides insights into polyploid genome evolution and valuable resources for genetic improvement of cucurbit crops. Title: Concentration and spatial distribution of organophosphate esters in the soil-sediment profile of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Implication for risk assessment Yadav IC, Devi NL, Li J, Zhang G, Covaci A Ref: Sci Total Environ, 613-614:502, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Yadav_2017_Sci.Total.Environ_613-614_502 PubMedSearch: Yadav 2017 Sci.Total.Environ 613-614 502 PubMedID: 28923753 Abstract Despite the fact that soil and sediments, which act as a sink or potential source of organic pollutants, have been polluted with organophosphate esters (OPEs) around the globe, extremely constrained data is accessible on environmental concentration and fate of OPEs in solid matrices in whole of the South Asia particularly if there should be an occurrence in Nepal. In this study, surface soil (N=19) and sediments samples (N=20) were analyzed for eight different OPE in Kathmandu Valley during October 2014. The concentration of summation operator8OPE measured in sediments samples was 12 times higher than soil and ranged 983-7460ng/g dw (median 2210ng/g dw) and 65-27,500ng/g dw (186ng/g dw), respectively. TMPP was most abundant in soil followed by TCIPP, TEHP and EHDPHP and ranged 17-25,300ng/g dw (41.3ng/g dw), 11.2-911ng/g dw (31.7ng/g dw), 8.52-858ng/g dw (26.1ng/g dw) and 10.2-114ng/g dw (25.6ng/g dw), respectively. TEHP was most prevalent in sediments followed by TMPP and EHDPHP and were in the range of 657-3020ng/g dw (median 1140ng/g dw), 267-2630ng/g dw (median 815g/g dw), 34-418ng/g (median 131ng/g dw), respectively. The sources of the high level of OPEs in soil was related to the end point use of consumer materials, traffic emission, and close proximity to commercial and industrial areas; while domestic sewage discharges and effluents from carpet industry were identified as the possible entry of OPE in sediments. Total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) content in soil were moderately and positively correlated with summation operator8OPE indicating more or less influence of soil organic carbon. The health risk assessment suggested dermal absorption of OPEs via soil is the primary pathway of human exposure to the general population. The significantly high-risk quotient (RQ) estimated for summation operator8OPEs especially TMPP and TPHP suggested significant potential adverse risk for aquatic organisms. Title: Larvicidal activity and insecticidal mechanism of Chelidonium majus on Lymantria dispar Zou C, Lv C, Wang Y, Cao C, Zhang G Ref: Pestic Biochem Physiol, 142:123, 2017 : PubMed ESTHER: Zou_2017_Pestic.Biochem.Physiol_142_123 PubMedSearch: Zou 2017 Pestic.Biochem.Physiol 142 123 PubMedID: 29107235 Abstract Based on the broad spectrum of its biological activities, Chelidonium majus has been studied extensively in the medical field. However, few studies have focused on the insecticidal activity of C. majus, and the precise mechanism of its insecticidal activity. In the present study, larvicidal activity and insecticidal mechanism of C. majus on Lymantria dispar were investigated using bioassays, in vitro and in vivo enzyme activity assays, determination of the nutritional index, and gene transcription analysis. The results showed that alkaloids are the main insecticidal ingredients in C. majus. Among the five isoquinoline alkaloids, coptisine was present at the highest concentration (1624.23mg/L), while tetrahydrocoptisine showed the lowest concentration (0.47mg/L). Both the crude extract of C. majus (CECm) and the total alkaloids of C. majus (TACm) possessed a potent insecticidal activity toward L. dispar larvae. TACm had significant effects on the relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of digested food into growth, approximate digestibility, and approximate digestibility of L. dispar larvae. Enzyme activity assays suggested that both CECm and TACm displayed their strongest inhibitory activity to in vitro glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and showed the weakest inhibition of in vitro carboxylesterase (CarE). Moreover, CECm and TACm affected the in vivo activities of five enzymes. The in vivo activities of AChE and CarE in L. dispar larvae were inhibited significantly by CECm and TACm. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcription of the five enzymes was also affected by TACm. In conclusion, alkaloids in C. majus showed a prominent toxicity to L. dispar by reducing food intake, influencing nutritional indices, and affecting the activity and mRNA transcription of detoxifying and protective enzymes. This study provides novel insights into the insecticidal mechanism of C. majus. Title: Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition provides multi-target therapeutic effects in rats after spinal cord injury Chen X, Huang X, Qin C, Fang Y, Liu Y, Zhang G, Pan D, Wang W, Xie M Ref: Molecular Neurobiology, 53:1565, 2016 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2016_Mol.Neurobiol_53_1565 PubMedSearch: Chen 2016 Mol.Neurobiol 53 1565 PubMedID: 25663200 Abstract Multiple players are involved in motor and sensory dysfunctions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting these various players in the damage cascade hold considerable promise for the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an endogenous key enzyme in the metabolic conversion and degradation of P450 eicosanoids called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). sEH inhibition has been shown to provide neuroprotective effects upon multiple elements of neurovascular unit under cerebral ischemia. However, its role in the pathological process after SCI remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sEH inhibition may have therapeutic effects in preventing secondary damage in rats after traumatic SCI. sEH was widely expressed in spinal cord tissue, mainly confined to astrocytes, and neurons. Administration of sEH inhibitor AUDA significantly suppressed local inflammatory responses as indicated by the reduced microglia activation and IL-1 beta expression, as well as the decreased infiltration of neutrophils and T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, reactive astrogliosis was remarkably attenuated. Furthermore, treatment of AUDA improved angiogenesis, inhibited neuron cells apoptosis, alleviated demyelination and formation of cavity and improved motor recovery. Together, these results provide the first in vivo evidence that sEH inhibition could exert multiple targets protective effects after SCI in rats. sEH may thereby serve as a promising multi-mechanism therapeutic target for the treatment of SCI. Title: High-level expression of a ZEN-detoxifying gene by codon optimization and biobrick in Pichia pastoris Xiang L, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Yin L, Zhang G, Ma Y Ref: Microbiol Res, 193:48, 2016 : PubMed ESTHER: Xiang_2016_Microbiol.Res_193_48 PubMedSearch: Xiang 2016 Microbiol.Res 193 48 PubMedID: 27825486 Gene_locus related to this paper: biooc-ZHD101 Abstract The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) can be degraded by a lactone hydrolase ZHD, which was derived from Gliocladium roseum. Here, based on the native ZHD encoding gene zhd101, a codon optimized zhd gene was synthesized, which was used for high expression of ZHD in Pichia pastoris GS115. Meanwhile, to further improve the expression of recombinant ZHD, the plasmids containing 1 to 4 copies of the zhd expression cassette were constructed, respectively, using the biobrick method. The protein expression in the recombinant P. pastoris X3c, which was transformed with the plasmid containing 3 copies of zhd expression cassette, was the highest. In addition, the enzymatic activity of ZHD against ZEN was defined for the first time based on a standard curve of peak area vs ZEN concentration. The ZEN degradation activity of ZHD from shake flask fermentation was calculated as 22.5U/mL with the specific activity of 4976.5U/mg. Furthermore, the high-density fermentation of P. pastoris X3c strain was also performed in 5L fermenter. The maximum enzyme activity of the supernatant was 150.1U/mL, which were 6.7-fold higher than that of the shake flask fermentation. Title: Determination of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in monkey plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study Deng J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhang G, Xie H Ref: J Pharm Biomed Anal, 117:99, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Deng_2015_J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal_117_99 PubMedSearch: Deng 2015 J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal 117 99 PubMedID: 26344384 Abstract A lot of attention has been given to novel diabetes treatment, which is used to replace injectable insulin. A novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (HWH-10d) for treating type 2 diabetes was previously determined to have comparable efficacy to the marketed drug (alogliptin) in ICR male mice. Therefore, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for the further evaluation of HWH-10d in monkey. The analytes were extracted through a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The linear detection range for HWH-10d in monkey plasma was from 0.5 to 2000ng/mL with the lower limit of quantification of 0.5ng/mL. The relative standard deviation was measured to be less than 10.4% for determination of inter- and intra-day precisions, and the relative error was determined to be within +/-7.2% for all accuracy measurements. The simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for HWH-10d in monkey plasma could be used for the pharmacokinetics studies of HWH-10d in monkeys. The oral bioavailability of HWH-10d in monkeys is 57.8%. Title: Pesticide levels and environmental risk in aquatic environments in China - A review Grung M, Lin Y, Zhang H, Steen AO, Huang J, Zhang G, Larssen T Ref: Environ Int, 81:87, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Grung_2015_Environ.Int_81_87 PubMedSearch: Grung 2015 Environ.Int 81 87 PubMedID: 25968893 Abstract China is one of the largest producers and consumers of pesticides in the world today. Along with the widespread use of pesticides and industrialization, there is a growing concern for water quality. The present review aims to provide an overview of studies on pesticides in aquatic environments in China. The levels in the water, sediment and biota were scored according to a detailed environmental classification system based on ecotoxicological effect, which is therefore a useful tool for assessing the risk these compounds pose to the aquatic ecosystem. Our review reveals that the most studied areas in China are the most populated and the most developed economically and that the most frequently studied pesticides are DDT and HCH. We show maps of where studies have been conducted and show the ecotoxicological risk the pesticides pose in each of the matrices. Our review pinpoints the need for biota samples to assess the risk. A large fraction of the results from the studies are given an environmental classification of "very bad" based on levels in biota. In general, the risk is higher for DDT than HCH. A few food web studies have also been conducted, and we encourage further study of this important information from this region. The review reveals that many of the most important agricultural provinces (e.g., Henan, Hubei and Hunan) with the largest pesticide use have been the subject of few studies on the environmental levels of pesticides. We consider this to be a major knowledge gap for understanding the status of pesticide contamination and related risk in China. Furthermore, there is also a lack of studies in remote Chinese environments, which is also an important knowledge gap. The compounds analyzed and reported in the studies represent a serious bias because a great deal of attention is given to DDT and HCH, whereas the organophosphate insecticides dominating current use are less frequently investigated. For the future, we point to the need for an organized monitoring plan designed according to the knowledge gaps in terms of geographical distribution, compounds included, and risks. Title: Outbred genome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in butterflies Li X, Fan D, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhang L, Zhao L, Fang X, Chen L, Dong Y and Wang W <14 more author(s)> Li X, Fan D, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhang L, Zhao L, Fang X, Chen L, Dong Y, Chen Y, Ding Y, Zhao R, Feng M, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Jiang X, Zhu D, Xiang H, Feng X, Li S, Wang J, Zhang G, Kronforst MR, Wang W (- 14) Ref: Nat Commun, 6:8212, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2015_Nat.Commun_6_8212 PubMedSearch: Li 2015 Nat.Commun 6 8212 PubMedID: 26354079 Gene_locus related to this paper: papxu-a0a194pj15, papxu-a0a194q254, papma-a0a194rdx2, papxu-a0a194q858, papxu-a0a194pyl3, papxu-a0a194q337, papma-a0a194r1p9, papma-a0a194r6h1, papxu-a0a194q1w8, papma-a0a194ql80, papma-a0a0n1ipl3, papma-a0a194qm14 Abstract Butterflies are exceptionally diverse but their potential as an experimental system has been limited by the difficulty of deciphering heterozygous genomes and a lack of genetic manipulation technology. Here we use a hybrid assembly approach to construct high-quality reference genomes for Papilio xuthus (contig and scaffold N50: 492 kb, 3.4 Mb) and Papilio machaon (contig and scaffold N50: 81 kb, 1.15 Mb), highly heterozygous species that differ in host plant affiliations, and adult and larval colour patterns. Integrating comparative genomics and analyses of gene expression yields multiple insights into butterfly evolution, including potential roles of specific genes in recent diversification. To functionally test gene function, we develop an efficient (up to 92.5%) CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing method that yields obvious phenotypes with three genes, Abdominal-B, ebony and frizzled. Our results provide valuable genomic and technological resources for butterflies and unlock their potential as a genetic model system. Title: A new alkaline lipase obtained from the metagenome of marine sponge Ircinia sp Su J, Zhang F, Sun W, Karuppiah V, Zhang G, Li Z, Jiang Q Ref: World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 31:1093, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Su_2015_World.J.Microbiol.Biotechnol_31_1093 PubMedSearch: Su 2015 World.J.Microbiol.Biotechnol 31 1093 PubMedID: 25921581 Abstract Microorganisms associated with marine sponges are potential resources for marine enzymes. In this study, culture-independent metagenomic approach was used to isolate lipases from the complex microbiome of the sponge Ircinia sp. obtained from the South China Sea. A metagenomic library was constructed, containing 6568 clones, and functional screening on 1 % tributyrin agar resulted in the identification of a positive lipase clone (35F4). Following sequence analysis 35F4 clone was found to contain a putative lipase gene lipA. Sequence analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of LipA revealed that it is a member of subfamily I.1 of lipases, with 63 % amino acid similarity to the lactonizing lipase from Aeromonas veronii (WP_021231793). Based on the predicted secondary structure, LipA was predicted to be an alkaline enzyme by sequence/structure analysis. Heterologous expression of lipA in E. coli BL21 (DE3) was performed and the characterization of the recombinant enzyme LipA showed that it is an alkaline enzyme with high tolerance to organic solvents. The isolated lipase LipA was active in the broad alkaline range, with the highest activity at pH 9.0, and had a high level of stability over a pH range of 7.0-12.0. The activity of LipA was increased in the presence of 5 mM Ca(2+) and some organic solvents, e.g. methanol, acetone and isopropanol. The optimum temperature for the activity of LipA is 40 degrees C and the molecular weight of LipA was determined to be ~30 kDa by SDS-PAGE. LipA is an alkaline lipase and shows good tolerance to some organic solvents, which make it of potential utility in the detergent industry and enzyme mediated organic synthesis. The result of this study has broadened the diversity of known lipolytic genes and demonstrated that marine sponges are an important source for new enzymes. Title: Whole-genome sequence of a flatfish provides insights into ZW sex chromosome evolution and adaptation to a benthic lifestyle Chen S, Zhang G, Shao C, Huang Q, Liu G, Zhang P, Song W, An N, Chalopin D and Wang J <34 more author(s)> Chen S, Zhang G, Shao C, Huang Q, Liu G, Zhang P, Song W, An N, Chalopin D, Volff JN, Hong Y, Li Q, Sha Z, Zhou H, Xie M, Yu Q, Liu Y, Xiang H, Wang N, Wu K, Yang C, Zhou Q, Liao X, Yang L, Hu Q, Zhang J, Meng L, Jin L, Tian Y, Lian J, Yang J, Miao G, Liu S, Liang Z, Yan F, Li Y, Sun B, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Du M, Zhao Y, Schartl M, Tang Q, Wang J (- 34) Ref: Nat Genet, 46:253, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2014_Nat.Genet_46_253 PubMedSearch: Chen 2014 Nat.Genet 46 253 PubMedID: 24487278 Gene_locus related to this paper: cynse-a0a3p8wch2, cynse-a0a3p8vd14, cynse-a0a3p8w747, cynse-a0a3p8wq40, cynse-a0a3p8wul3, cynse-a0a3p8vqr4, cynse-a0a3p8vmz4 Abstract Genetic sex determination by W and Z chromosomes has developed independently in different groups of organisms. To better understand the evolution of sex chromosomes and the plasticity of sex-determination mechanisms, we sequenced the whole genomes of a male (ZZ) and a female (ZW) half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In addition to insights into adaptation to a benthic lifestyle, we find that the sex chromosomes of these fish are derived from the same ancestral vertebrate protochromosome as the avian W and Z chromosomes. Notably, the same gene on the Z chromosome, dmrt1, which is the male-determining gene in birds, showed convergent evolution of features that are compatible with a similar function in tongue sole. Comparison of the relatively young tongue sole sex chromosomes with those of mammals and birds identified events that occurred during the early phase of sex-chromosome evolution. Pertinent to the current debate about heterogametic sex-chromosome decay, we find that massive gene loss occurred in the wake of sex-chromosome 'birth'. Title: Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears Liu S, Lorenzen ED, Fumagalli M, Li B, Harris K, Xiong Z, Zhou L, Korneliussen TS, Somel M and Wang J <19 more author(s)> Liu S, Lorenzen ED, Fumagalli M, Li B, Harris K, Xiong Z, Zhou L, Korneliussen TS, Somel M, Babbitt C, Wray G, Li J, He W, Wang Z, Fu W, Xiang X, Morgan CC, Doherty A, O'Connell MJ, McInerney JO, Born EW, Dalen L, Dietz R, Orlando L, Sonne C, Zhang G, Nielsen R, Willerslev E, Wang J (- 19) Ref: Cell, 157:785, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Liu_2014_Cell_157_785 PubMedSearch: Liu 2014 Cell 157 785 PubMedID: 24813606 Gene_locus related to this paper: ursma-a0a384cw87, ursma-a0a384cqm7, ursma-a0a452vbh6, ursma-a0a384cyu0 Abstract Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyper-lipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans. Title: The genome of the clonal raider ant Cerapachys biroi Oxley PR, Ji L, Fetter-Pruneda I, McKenzie SK, Li C, Hu H, Zhang G, Kronauer DJ Ref: Current Biology, 24:451, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Oxley_2014_Curr.Biol_24_451 PubMedSearch: Oxley 2014 Curr.Biol 24 451 PubMedID: 24508170 Gene_locus related to this paper: solin-e9ige7, cerbi-a0a026whr6, cerbi-a0a026wk96, cerbi-a0a026vw30, cerbi-a0a026wfw0, cerbi-a0a026w5f6, cerbi-a0a026wt53, cerbi-a0a026vug0, cerbi-a0a026x3b8, cerbi-a0a026we54, cerbi-a0a026wla0, cerbi-a0a026wis7, cerbi-a0a026wrn0, cerbi-a0a026wi21, cerbi-a0a026wec0, cerbi-a0a026wvz8, cerbi-a0a026w8e0, oocbi-a0a026wtb1, oocbi-a0a026wvq6, oocbi-a0a026w0p3, oocbi-a0a026w634 Abstract Social insects are important models for social evolution and behavior. However, in many species, experimental control over important factors that regulate division of labor, such as genotype and age, is limited. Furthermore, most species have fixed queen and worker castes, making it difficult to establish causality between the molecular mechanisms that underlie reproductive division of labor, the hallmark of insect societies. Here we present the genome of the queenless clonal raider ant Cerapachys biroi, a powerful new study system that does not suffer from these constraints. Using cytology and RAD-seq, we show that C. biroi reproduces via automixis with central fusion and that heterozygosity is lost extremely slowly. As a consequence, nestmates are almost clonally related (r = 0.996). Workers in C. biroi colonies synchronously alternate between reproduction and brood care, and young workers eclose in synchronized cohorts. We show that genes associated with division of labor in other social insects are conserved in C. biroi and dynamically regulated during the colony cycle. With unparalleled experimental control over an individual's genotype and age, and the ability to induce reproduction and brood care, C. biroi has great potential to illuminate the molecular regulation of division of labor. Title: Molecular traces of alternative social organization in a termite genome Terrapon N, Li C, Robertson HM, Ji L, Meng X, Booth W, Chen Z, Childers CP, Glastad KM and Liebig J <32 more author(s)> Terrapon N, Li C, Robertson HM, Ji L, Meng X, Booth W, Chen Z, Childers CP, Glastad KM, Gokhale K, Gowin J, Gronenberg W, Hermansen RA, Hu H, Hunt BG, Huylmans AK, Khalil SM, Mitchell RD, Munoz-Torres MC, Mustard JA, Pan H, Reese JT, Scharf ME, Sun F, Vogel H, Xiao J, Yang W, Yang Z, Zhou J, Zhu J, Brent CS, Elsik CG, Goodisman MA, Liberles DA, Roe RM, Vargo EL, Vilcinskas A, Wang J, Bornberg-Bauer E, Korb J, Zhang G, Liebig J (- 32) Ref: Nat Commun, 5:3636, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Terrapon_2014_Nat.Commun_5_3636 PubMedSearch: Terrapon 2014 Nat.Commun 5 3636 PubMedID: 24845553 Gene_locus related to this paper: zoone-a0a067r283, zoone-a0a067qst6, zoone-a0a067rbc7, zoone-a0a067qz43, zoone-a0a067qn94, zoone-a0a067rbw9, zoone-a0a067qx93, zoone-a0a067rcf4, zoone-a0a067r8q8, zoone-a0a067rh81, zoone-a0a067r506, zoone-a0a067qxd4, zoone-a0a067qy86, zoone-a0a067qsw2, zoone-a0a067qfp9, zoone-a0a067ru91, zoone-a0a067rwu7, zoone-a0a067rmu8, zoone-a0a067r773, zoone-a0a067qlt8, zoone-a0a067qhm6, zoone-a0a067qjz2, zoone-a0a067qs20, zoone-a0a067rmu4, zoone-a0a067qty7, zoone-a0a067rk35, zoone-a0a067rk64, zoone-a0a067rj74, zoone-a0a067rp97, zoone-a0a067rjm1 Abstract Although eusociality evolved independently within several orders of insects, research into the molecular underpinnings of the transition towards social complexity has been confined primarily to Hymenoptera (for example, ants and bees). Here we sequence the genome and stage-specific transcriptomes of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (Blattodea) and compare them with similar data for eusocial Hymenoptera, to better identify commonalities and differences in achieving this significant transition. We show an expansion of genes related to male fertility, with upregulated gene expression in male reproductive individuals reflecting the profound differences in mating biology relative to the Hymenoptera. For several chemoreceptor families, we show divergent numbers of genes, which may correspond to the more claustral lifestyle of these termites. We also show similarities in the number and expression of genes related to caste determination mechanisms. Finally, patterns of DNA methylation and alternative splicing support a hypothesized epigenetic regulation of caste differentiation. Title: Elevated 14,15- epoxyeicosatrienoic acid by increasing of cytochrome P450 2C8, 2C9 and 2J2 and decreasing of soluble epoxide hydrolase associated with aggressiveness of human breast cancer Wei X, Zhang D, Dou X, Niu N, Huang W, Bai J, Zhang G Ref: BMC Cancer, 14:841, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Wei_2014_BMC.Cancer_14_841 PubMedSearch: Wei 2014 BMC.Cancer 14 841 PubMedID: 25406731 Abstract BACKGROUND: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are derived from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). EETs have been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and several cancer diseases. However, the distribution in tissue and role of CYP2C8, 2C9, 2J2 and sEH in human breast carcinogenesis remains uncertain. METHODS: Breast cancer (BC) and adjacent noncancerous tissue was obtained from 40 breast cancer patients in the Chaoshan region in China from 2010 to 2012. The level of 14,15-EET/14,15-DHET in BC patients was detected by ELISA; the expression and distribution of CYP2C8, 2C9, 2J2 and sEH was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining; and cell proliferation and migration was analyzed by MTT and transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS: The median 14,15-EET and 14,15-EET/DHET level was 2.5-fold higher in BC than noncancerous tissue. The mRNA and protein levels of CYP2C8, 2C9 and 2J2 were higher, and sEH was lower in BC than noncancerous tissue. Furthermore, CYP2C8 and 2C9 protein levels positively correlated with Ki67 status, and CYP2J2 levels positively correlated with histological grade and tumor size. The sEH protein level negatively correlated with tumor size, estrogen receptors and Ki67. In MDA-MB-231 cells, siRNA knockdown of CYP2C8, 2C9 or 2J2 reduced cell proliferation, by 24.5%, 29.13%, or 22.7% and decreased cell migration by 49.1%, 44.9%, and 50.9%, respectively. Similarly, with adenovirus overexpression of sEH, both cell proliferation and migration rates were reduced by 31.4% and 45.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that elevated EET levels in BC tissues are associated with upregulation of CYP2C8, 2C9, and 2J2, and downregulation of sEH, and are also associated with aggressive cell behavior in BC patients. Title: Changes in monoclonal HLA-DR antigen expression in acute organophosphorus pesticide-poisoned patients Xia C, Wang M, Liang Q, Yun L, Kang H, Fan L, Wang D, Zhang G Ref: Exp Ther Med, 7:137, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Xia_2014_Exp.Ther.Med_7_137 PubMedSearch: Xia 2014 Exp.Ther.Med 7 137 PubMedID: 24348778 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate changes in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) in patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). HLA-DR antigen expression of peripheral blood MNCs was examined in 75 patients with AOPP, including 36 patients without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (non-MODS) and 39 patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as well as in 30 healthy individuals using flow cytometry assay. The associations between HLA-DR antigen expression and certain parameters were analyzed, including acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, serum cholinesterase (ChE) activity, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac enzymes, and liver and kidney function. The mean fluorescence intensity (MCF) of HLA-DR expression in the AOPP group (21.59+/-5.36) was significantly lower than that in the control group (27.85+/-4.86) (P<0.001). The MCF in the MODS group (18.17+/-4.23) was lower than that in the non-MODS group (25.15+/-6.15). In addition, the MCF of the deceased patients (15.29+/-3.97) was lower than that of the surviving patients (22.34+/-2.76) (P<0.001). The MCF of patients with AOPP and MODS was positively correlated with serum ChE (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with the APACHE II score, creatine kinase isoenzyme, cTnI, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (P<0.05). In conclusion, HLA-DR expression in patients with AOPP was significantly decreased compared with that in healthy individuals; HLA-DR expression may therefore be a good indicator for evaluating AOPP, MODS disease severity, immune function, efficacy of prognosis and prognosis. Examination of HLA-DR antigen expression may be of crucial clinical value. Title: Mudskipper genomes provide insights into the terrestrial adaptation of amphibious fishes You X, Bian C, Zan Q, Xu X, Liu X, Chen J, Wang J, Qiu Y, Li W and Shi Q <31 more author(s)> You X, Bian C, Zan Q, Xu X, Liu X, Chen J, Wang J, Qiu Y, Li W, Zhang X, Sun Y, Chen S, Hong W, Li Y, Cheng S, Fan G, Shi C, Liang J, Tom Tang Y, Yang C, Ruan Z, Bai J, Peng C, Mu Q, Lu J, Fan M, Yang S, Huang Z, Jiang X, Fang X, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Polgar G, Yu H, Li J, Liu Z, Ravi V, Coon SL, Yang H, Venkatesh B, Shi Q (- 31) Ref: Nat Commun, 5:5594, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: You_2014_Nat.Commun_5_5594 PubMedSearch: You 2014 Nat.Commun 5 5594 PubMedID: 25463417 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9gobi-a0a3b4bh68, 9gobi-a0a3b4bmj6, 9gobi-a0a3b4alj9, 9gobi-a0a3b4biy6, 9gobi-a0a3b4ah01, 9gobi-a0a3b3z8m7, 9gobi-a0a3b4aaj5, 9gobi-a0a3b4b6y7 Abstract Mudskippers are amphibious fishes that have developed morphological and physiological adaptations to match their unique lifestyles. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of four representative mudskippers to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations. We discover an expansion of innate immune system genes in the mudskippers that may provide defence against terrestrial pathogens. Several genes of the ammonia excretion pathway in the gills have experienced positive selection, suggesting their important roles in mudskippers' tolerance to environmental ammonia. Some vision-related genes are differentially lost or mutated, illustrating genomic changes associated with aerial vision. Transcriptomic analyses of mudskippers exposed to air highlight regulatory pathways that are up- or down-regulated in response to hypoxia. The present study provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying water-to-land transition of vertebrates. Title: Dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and soluble epoxide hydrolase synergistically suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis Zhang G, Panigrahy D, Hwang SH, Yang J, Mahakian LM, Wettersten HI, Liu JY, Wang Y, Ingham ES and Hammock BD <4 more author(s)> Zhang G, Panigrahy D, Hwang SH, Yang J, Mahakian LM, Wettersten HI, Liu JY, Wang Y, Ingham ES, Tam S, Kieran MW, Weiss RH, Ferrara KW, Hammock BD (- 4) Ref: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111:11127, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2014_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_111_11127 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2014 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 111 11127 PubMedID: 25024195 Abstract Prostaglandins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway are important eicosanoids that regulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. COX-2 inhibitors, which block the formation of prostaglandins, suppress tumor growth, whereas sEH inhibitors, which increase endogenous EETs, stimulate primary tumor growth and metastasis. However, the functional interactions of these two pathways in cancer are unknown. Using pharmacological inhibitors as probes, we show here that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH synergistically inhibits primary tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. COX-2/sEH dual pharmacological inhibitors also potently suppress primary tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via selective inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. These results demonstrate a critical interaction of these two lipid metabolism pathways on tumorigenesis and suggest dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Title: Genome sequence and transcriptome analyses of the thermophilic zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor miehei Zhou P, Zhang G, Chen S, Jiang Z, Tang Y, Henrissat B, Yan Q, Yang S, Chen CF and Du Z <1 more author(s)> Zhou P, Zhang G, Chen S, Jiang Z, Tang Y, Henrissat B, Yan Q, Yang S, Chen CF, Zhang B, Du Z (- 1) Ref: BMC Genomics, 15:294, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhou_2014_BMC.Genomics_15_294 PubMedSearch: Zhou 2014 BMC.Genomics 15 294 PubMedID: 24746234 Abstract BACKGROUND: The zygomycete fungi like Rhizomucor miehei have been extensively exploited for the production of various enzymes. As a thermophilic fungus, R. miehei is capable of growing at temperatures that approach the upper limits for all eukaryotes. To date, over hundreds of fungal genomes are publicly available. However, Zygomycetes have been rarely investigated both genetically and genomically. Title: Purification, Characterization, and Sensitivity to Pesticides of Carboxylesterase From Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Zou C, Cao C, Zhang G, Wang Z Ref: J Insect Sci, 14:, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Zou_2014_J.Insect.Sci_14_ PubMedSearch: Zou 2014 J.Insect.Sci 14 PubMedID: 25525114 Abstract Through a combination of steps including centrifugation, ammonium sulfate gradient precipitation, sephadex G-25 gel chromatography, diethylaminoethyl cellulose 52 ion-exchange chromatography and hydroxyapatite affinity chromatography, carboxylesterase (CarE, EC3.1.1.1) from sixth instar larch caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) larvae was purified and its biochemical properties were compared between crude homogenate and purified CarE. The final purified CarE after hydroxyapatite chromatography had a specific activity of 52.019 mumol/(min.mg protein), 138.348-fold of crude homogenate, and the yield of 2.782%. The molecular weight of the purified CarE was approximately 84.78 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Three pesticides (dichlorvos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and avermectins) showed different inhibition to crude CarE and purified CarE, respectively. In vitro median inhibitory concentration indicated that the sensitivity of CarE (both crude homogenate and final purified CarE) to pesticides was in decreasing order of dichlorvos > avermectins > lambda-cyhalothrin. By the kinetic analysis, the substrates alpha-naphthyl acetate (alpha-NA) and beta-naphthyl acetate (beta-NA) showed lesser affinity to crude extract than purified CarE. The results also indicated that both crude homogenate and purified CarE had more affinity to alpha-NA than to beta-NA, and the Kcat and Vmax values of crude extract were lower than purified CarE using alpha-NA or beta-NA as substrate. Title: Genome sequence of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera L Al-Mssallem IS, Hu S, Zhang X, Lin Q, Liu W, Tan J, Yu X, Liu J, Pan L and Yu J <34 more author(s)> Al-Mssallem IS, Hu S, Zhang X, Lin Q, Liu W, Tan J, Yu X, Liu J, Pan L, Zhang T, Yin Y, Xin C, Wu H, Zhang G, Ba Abdullah MM, Huang D, Fang Y, Alnakhli YO, Jia S, Yin A, Alhuzimi EM, Alsaihati BA, Al-Owayyed SA, Zhao D, Zhang S, Al-Otaibi NA, Sun G, Majrashi MA, Li F, Tala, Wang J, Yun Q, Alnassar NA, Wang L, Yang M, Al-Jelaify RF, Liu K, Gao S, Chen K, Alkhaldi SR, Liu G, Zhang M, Guo H, Yu J (- 34) Ref: Nat Commun, 4:2274, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Al-Mssallem_2013_Nat.Commun_4_2274 PubMedSearch: Al-Mssallem 2013 Nat.Commun 4 2274 PubMedID: 23917264 Gene_locus related to this paper: phodc-a0a2h3y3d5, phodc-a0a2h3z529, phodc-a0a2h3y147, phodc-a0a2h3xrz4, phodc-a0a3q0ic37, phodc-a0a2h3yxf0, phodc-a0a2h3zh01, phodc-a0a3q0hs32 Abstract Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a cultivated woody plant species with agricultural and economic importance. Here we report a genome assembly for an elite variety (Khalas), which is 605.4 Mb in size and covers >90% of the genome (~671 Mb) and >96% of its genes (~41,660 genes). Genomic sequence analysis demonstrates that P. dactylifera experienced a clear genome-wide duplication after either ancient whole genome duplications or massive segmental duplications. Genetic diversity analysis indicates that its stress resistance and sugar metabolism-related genes tend to be enriched in the chromosomal regions where the density of single-nucleotide polymorphisms is relatively low. Using transcriptomic data, we also illustrate the date palm's unique sugar metabolism that underlies fruit development and ripening. Our large-scale genomic and transcriptomic data pave the way for further genomic studies not only on P. dactylifera but also other Arecaceae plants. Title: Complete Genome of the Solvent-Tolerant Staphylococcus warneri Strain SG1 Cheng VW, Zhang G, Oyedotun KS, Ridgway D, Ellison MJ, Weiner JH Ref: Genome Announc, 1:e0003813, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Cheng_2013_Genome.Announc_1_e0003813 PubMedSearch: Cheng 2013 Genome.Announc 1 e0003813 PubMedID: 23516183 Gene_locus related to this paper: stawa-c4w9i9, stawa-c4wb67 Abstract Staphylococcus warneri is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in human skin flora. The genome of a laboratory S. warneri isolate, strain SG1, was sequenced to explore its mechanism of solvent tolerance and its potential as a chassis for biofuel production. Title: Synthesis and biological evaluation of sorafenib- and regorafenib-like sEH inhibitors Hwang SH, Wecksler AT, Zhang G, Morisseau C, Nguyen LV, Fu SH, Hammock BD Ref: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Lett, 23:3732, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Hwang_2013_Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett_23_3732 PubMedSearch: Hwang 2013 Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett 23 3732 PubMedID: 23726028 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Regorafenib, Sorafenib Abstract To reduce the pro-angiogenic effects of sEH inhibition, a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was performed by incorporating structural features of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib into soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors. The structural modifications of this series of molecules enabled the altering of selectivity towards the pro-angiogenic kinases C-RAF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), while retaining their sEH inhibition. As a result, sEH inhibitors with greater potency against C-RAF and VEGFR-2 were obtained. Compound 4 (t-CUPM) possesses inhibition potency higher than sorafenib towards sEH but similar against C-RAF and VEGFR-2. Compound 7 (t-CUCB) selectively inhibits sEH, while inhibiting HUVEC cell proliferation, a potential anti-angiogenic property, without liver cancer cell cytotoxicity. The data presented suggest a potential rational approach to control the angiogenic responses stemming from sEH inhibition. Title: Seasonally variable intestinal metagenomes of the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) Jia S, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yin A, Zhang S, Li F, Wang L, Zhao D, Yun Q and Yu J <7 more author(s)> Jia S, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yin A, Zhang S, Li F, Wang L, Zhao D, Yun Q, Tala, Wang J, Sun G, Baabdullah M, Yu X, Hu S, Al-Mssallem IS, Yu J (- 7) Ref: Environ Microbiol, 15:3020, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Jia_2013_Environ.Microbiol_15_3020 PubMedSearch: Jia 2013 Environ.Microbiol 15 3020 PubMedID: 24102776 Abstract The intestinal microbes residing in the red palm weevil (RPW, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva consume tender interior fibrous tissues of date palm trunks. The understanding of such microbiota at molecular level provides vital clues for the biological control of this devastating pest. Using pyrosequencing and shotgun strategy, we first study taxonomic profiles of the microbiota sampled at different months (March, July and November), and then confirm the impact of high-temperature stress on the microbial populations based on data from 16S rRNA amplicons using both field and laboratory samples. We further identify Klebsiella pneumoniae in November and Lactococcus lactis in July as the dominant species of the microbiota. We find that the RPW gut microbiota degrades polysaccharides and sucrose with hydrolases and that different active bacterial species in November and July are responsible for the symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and the host. Our results provide vital information for pest control and cellulolytic bacterial species characterization. Title: Genome analysis reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii Seim I, Fang X, Xiong Z, Lobanov AV, Huang Z, Ma S, Feng Y, Turanov AA, Zhu Y and Gladyshev VN <19 more author(s)> Seim I, Fang X, Xiong Z, Lobanov AV, Huang Z, Ma S, Feng Y, Turanov AA, Zhu Y, Lenz TL, Gerashchenko MV, Fan D, Hee Yim S, Yao X, Jordan D, Xiong Y, Ma Y, Lyapunov AN, Chen G, Kulakova OI, Sun Y, Lee SG, Bronson RT, Moskalev AA, Sunyaev SR, Zhang G, Krogh A, Wang J, Gladyshev VN (- 19) Ref: Nat Commun, 4:2212, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Seim_2013_Nat.Commun_4_2212 PubMedSearch: Seim 2013 Nat.Commun 4 2212 PubMedID: 23962925 Gene_locus related to this paper: myobr-s7mf99, myobr-s7n4r2, myobr-s7neb7, myobr-s7ney7, myobr-s7n9l2, myobr-s7nk13, myobr-s7mh20, myobr-s7pbt8, myobr-s7mux2, myobr-s7mjb5, myobr-s7n6x5, myobr-s7nnt6, myobr-s7n728.2, myobr-s7n728.3, myobr-s7n8d2, myobr-s7nqw0, myobr-s7mju4, myolu-g1nth4, myobr-s7mij5, myobr-s7pr94, myolu-g1q4e3, myolu-g1p353 Abstract Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt's bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4-8 g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt's bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consistent with echolocation and hibernation, as well as altered metabolism, reproduction and visual function. Unique sequence changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors are also observed. The data suggest that an altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, which may be common to other long-lived bat species, together with adaptations such as hibernation and low reproductive rate, contribute to the exceptional lifespan of the Brandt's bat. Title: Genomic diversity and evolution of the head crest in the rock pigeon Shapiro MD, Kronenberg Z, Li C, Domyan ET, Pan H, Campbell M, Tan H, Huff CD, Hu H and Wang J <7 more author(s)> Shapiro MD, Kronenberg Z, Li C, Domyan ET, Pan H, Campbell M, Tan H, Huff CD, Hu H, Vickrey AI, Nielsen SC, Stringham SA, Willerslev E, Gilbert MT, Yandell M, Zhang G, Wang J (- 7) Ref: Science, 339:1063, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Shapiro_2013_Science_339_1063 PubMedSearch: Shapiro 2013 Science 339 1063 PubMedID: 23371554 Gene_locus related to this paper: colli-r7vnu6, colli-r7vv16, colli-a0a2i0m6q6, colli-a0a2i0mey7, colli-a0a2i0mey8, colli-a0a2i0mez3, colli-a0a2i0ms89, colli-a0a160dr48, colli-a0a2i0m6c1, colli-a0a2i0lic2, colli-a0a2i0mlj2, colli-r7vwj5, nipni-a0a091w0t8, fical-u3jnn0, colli-a0a2i0mwb1, colli-a0a2i0mwb4, colli-a0a2i0mwd0 Abstract The geographic origins of breeds and the genetic basis of variation within the widely distributed and phenotypically diverse domestic rock pigeon (Columba livia) remain largely unknown. We generated a rock pigeon reference genome and additional genome sequences representing domestic and feral populations. We found evidence for the origins of major breed groups in the Middle East and contributions from a racing breed to North American feral populations. We identified the gene EphB2 as a strong candidate for the derived head crest phenotype shared by numerous breeds, an important trait in mate selection in many avian species. We also found evidence that this trait evolved just once and spread throughout the species, and that the crest originates early in development by the localized molecular reversal of feather bud polarity. Title: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of acetophenone derivatives as dual binding acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Shen Y, Li B, Xu H, Zhang G Ref: Pharmazie, 68:307, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Shen_2013_Pharmazie_68_307 PubMedSearch: Shen 2013 Pharmazie 68 307 PubMedID: 23802426 Abstract As part of a project aimed at developing new agents for potential application in Alzheimer's disease, a new series of acetophenone derivatives which possess alkylamine side chains were designed, synthesized and assayed as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that could simultaneously bind to the peripheral and catalytic sites of the enzyme. The compounds were synthesized, and the inhibitory activities toward AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) in vitro were determined using a modified Ellman method. Of the compounds tested, 6 derivatives were found to inhibit AChE in the micromolar range. The best compound, 2e, had an 1C50 of 0.13 microM. A detailed molecular modeling study was performed to explore the interaction of 2e with AChE. Title: Tanshinones inhibit amyloid aggregation by amyloid-beta peptide, disaggregate amyloid fibrils, and protect cultured cells Wang Q, Yu X, Patal K, Hu R, Chuang S, Zhang G, Zheng J Ref: ACS Chem Neurosci, 4:1004, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2013_ACS.Chem.Neurosci_4_1004 PubMedSearch: Wang 2013 ACS.Chem.Neurosci 4 1004 PubMedID: 23506133 Abstract The misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides into amyloid fibrils is regarded as one of the causative events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tanshinones extracted from Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge) were traditionally used as anti-inflammation and cerebrovascular drugs due to their antioxidation and antiacetylcholinesterase effects. A number of studies have suggested that tanshinones could protect neuronal cells. In this work, we examine the inhibitory activity of tanshinone I (TS1) and tanshinone IIA (TS2), the two major components in the Danshen herb, on the aggregation and toxicity of Abeta1-42 using atomic force microscopy (AFM), thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assay, cell viability assay, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. AFM and ThT results show that both TS1 and TS2 exhibit different inhibitory abilities to prevent unseeded amyloid fibril formation and to disaggregate preformed amyloid fibrils, in which TS1 shows better inhibitory potency than TS2. Live/dead assay further confirms that introduction of a very small amount of tanshinones enables protection of cultured SH-SY5Y cells against Abeta-induced cell toxicity. Comparative MD simulation results reveal a general tanshinone binding mode to prevent Abeta peptide association, showing that both TS1 and TS2 preferentially bind to a hydrophobic beta-sheet groove formed by the C-terminal residues of I31-M35 and M35-V39 and several aromatic residues. Meanwhile, the differences in binding distribution, residues, sites, population, and affinity between TS1-Abeta and TS2-Abeta systems also interpret different inhibitory effects on Abeta aggregation as observed by in vitro experiments. More importantly, due to nonspecific binding mode of tanshinones, it is expected that tanshinones would have a general inhibitory efficacy of a wide range of amyloid peptides. These findings suggest that tanshinones, particularly TS1 compound, offer promising lead compounds with dual protective role in anti-inflammation and antiaggregation for further development of Abeta inhibitors to prevent and disaggregate amyloid formation. Title: The draft genomes of soft-shell turtle and green sea turtle yield insights into the development and evolution of the turtle-specific body plan Wang Z, Pascual-Anaya J, Zadissa A, Li W, Niimura Y, Huang Z, Li C, White S, Xiong Z and Irie N <22 more author(s)> Wang Z, Pascual-Anaya J, Zadissa A, Li W, Niimura Y, Huang Z, Li C, White S, Xiong Z, Fang D, Wang B, Ming Y, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Kuraku S, Pignatelli M, Herrero J, Beal K, Nozawa M, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Yu L, Shigenobu S, Liu J, Flicek P, Searle S, Kuratani S, Yin Y, Aken B, Zhang G, Irie N (- 22) Ref: Nat Genet, 45:701, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2013_Nat.Genet_45_701 PubMedSearch: Wang 2013 Nat.Genet 45 701 PubMedID: 23624526 Gene_locus related to this paper: chemy-m7c042, chemy-m7bp40, chemy-m7cgq9, chemy-m7bs15, chemy-m7c0b2, chemy-m7bkv2, chemy-m7bnk5, chemy-m7bzy6 Abstract The unique anatomical features of turtles have raised unanswered questions about the origin of their unique body plan. We generated and analyzed draft genomes of the soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas); our results indicated the close relationship of the turtles to the bird-crocodilian lineage, from which they split approximately 267.9-248.3 million years ago (Upper Permian to Triassic). We also found extensive expansion of olfactory receptor genes in these turtles. Embryonic gene expression analysis identified an hourglass-like divergence of turtle and chicken embryogenesis, with maximal conservation around the vertebrate phylotypic period, rather than at later stages that show the amniote-common pattern. Wnt5a expression was found in the growth zone of the dorsal shell, supporting the possible co-option of limb-associated Wnt signaling in the acquisition of this turtle-specific novelty. Our results suggest that turtle evolution was accompanied by an unexpectedly conservative vertebrate phylotypic period, followed by turtle-specific repatterning of development to yield the novel structure of the shell. Title: Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity Zhang G, Cowled C, Shi Z, Huang Z, Bishop-Lilly KA, Fang X, Wynne JW, Xiong Z, Baker ML and Wang J <18 more author(s)> Zhang G, Cowled C, Shi Z, Huang Z, Bishop-Lilly KA, Fang X, Wynne JW, Xiong Z, Baker ML, Zhao W, Tachedjian M, Zhu Y, Zhou P, Jiang X, Ng J, Yang L, Wu L, Xiao J, Feng Y, Chen Y, Sun X, Zhang Y, Marsh GA, Crameri G, Broder CC, Frey KG, Wang LF, Wang J (- 18) Ref: Science, 339:456, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2013_Science_339_456 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2013 Science 339 456 PubMedID: 23258410 Gene_locus related to this paper: myods-l5mij9, pteal-l5k8f5, pteal-l5kjy3, pteal-l5k6f0, pteal-l5kxe2, myods-l5m0a8, myods-l5lvb4, pteal-l5k7h7, myods-l5lm42, pteal-l5jz73, pteal-l5kvh1.1, pteal-l5kvh1.2, pteal-l5kw21, myods-l5lug5, pteal-l5kv18, myods-l5lbf8, pteal-l5kwh0, myods-l5lfh8, myods-l5lfr7, myods-l5lu20, pteal-l5jzi4, pteal-l5kib7, pteal-l5kyq5, myods-l5lf36, myods-l5lnh7, myods-l5lu25, pteal-l5k0u1, pteal-l5k2g6, pteal-l5l3r3, myods-l5mdx5, pteal-l5k220, myolu-g1pdp2, pteal-l5l5n3, pteal-l5k1s7, myolu-g1nth4, pteal-l5l7w7, pteal-l5l537, myods-l5lwe4, pteal-l5klr9, pteal-l5k670, pteal-l5jr94, pteal-l5kvb4, myolu-g1q4e3, pteal-l5jrl1 Abstract Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight and are notorious reservoir hosts for some of the world's most highly pathogenic viruses, including Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To identify genetic changes associated with the development of bat-specific traits, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of two distantly related species, fruit bat Pteropus alecto and insectivorous bat Myotis davidii. We discovered an unexpected concentration of positively selected genes in the DNA damage checkpoint and nuclear factor kappaB pathways that may be related to the origin of flight, as well as expansion and contraction of important gene families. Comparison of bat genomes with other mammalian species has provided new insights into bat biology and evolution. Title: t-AUCB, an improved sEH inhibitor, suppresses human glioblastoma cell growth by activating NF-kappaB-p65 Li J, Liu H, Xing B, Yu Y, Wang H, Chen G, Gu B, Zhang G, Wei D and Hu W <2 more author(s)> Li J, Liu H, Xing B, Yu Y, Wang H, Chen G, Gu B, Zhang G, Wei D, Gu P, Li M, Hu W (- 2) Ref: J Neurooncol, 108:385, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2012_J.Neurooncol_108_385 PubMedSearch: Li 2012 J.Neurooncol 108 385 PubMedID: 22382785 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: t-AUCB Abstract Although sEH inhibitors are well studied in inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, their effects on gliomas are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of t-AUCB, a more potent and selective sEH inhibitor, on U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines and the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Our results showed that t-AUCB efficiently inhibited sEH activities in all three cell lines (the inhibition rate was more than 80% in each) and suppressed U251 and U87 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, but exhibited no cell growth inhibition on HepG2. We detected high levels of phosphorylated NF-kappaB-p65 (Ser536) in t-AUCB-treated U251 and U87 cells, and then found that the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC can completely abolish t-AUCB-induced growth inhibition. This indicated that t-AUCB suppresses U251 and U87 cell growth by activating NF-kappaB-p65. Moreover, we found that t-AUCB induces cell-cycle G0/G1 phase arrest by regulating Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels and CDC2 (Thr161) phosphorylation level. We propose to further test this promising reagent for its anti-glioma activity in clinical relevant orthotopic brain glioma models. Title: The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude Qiu Q, Zhang G, Ma T, Qian W, Wang J, Ye Z, Cao C, Hu Q, Kim J and Liu J <35 more author(s)> Qiu Q, Zhang G, Ma T, Qian W, Wang J, Ye Z, Cao C, Hu Q, Kim J, Larkin DM, Auvil L, Capitanu B, Ma J, Lewin HA, Qian X, Lang Y, Zhou R, Wang L, Wang K, Xia J, Liao S, Pan S, Lu X, Hou H, Wang Y, Zang X, Yin Y, Ma H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Yonezawa T, Hasegawa M, Zhong Y, Liu W, Huang Z, Zhang S, Long R, Yang H, Lenstra JA, Cooper DN, Wu Y, Shi P, Liu J (- 35) Ref: Nat Genet, 44:946, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Qiu_2012_Nat.Genet_44_946 PubMedSearch: Qiu 2012 Nat.Genet 44 946 PubMedID: 22751099 Gene_locus related to this paper: bosmu-l8ic43, bovin-2neur, bovin-balip, bovin-BCHE, bovin-e1bbv2, bovin-e1bn79, bovin-est8, bovin-f1mi11, bovin-f1n385, bovin-g3mxp5, bovin-lipli, bovin-lipr2, bovin-q2kj30, bovin-q3sz79, bovin-q3t0r6, bovin-ABHDA, bovin-q08dw9, bovin-ABHD16B, bovin-SPG21, bovin-TEX30, 9ceta-l8iwv2, 9ceta-l8idy3, 9ceta-l8hsi3, bovin-e1bjq9, bovin-f1mc21, 9ceta-l8hyl8, bovin-LIPG, bovin-a0a3q1nm09, bovin-f1n2i5 Abstract Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) provide meat and other necessities for Tibetans living at high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and in adjacent regions. Comparison between yak and the closely related low-altitude cattle (Bos taurus) is informative in studying animal adaptation to high altitude. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a female domestic yak generated using Illumina-based technology at 65-fold coverage. Genomic comparisons between yak and cattle identify an expansion in yak of gene families related to sensory perception and energy metabolism, as well as an enrichment of protein domains involved in sensing the extracellular environment and hypoxic stress. Positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in the yak lineage are also found to be significantly enriched in functional categories and pathways related to hypoxia and nutrition metabolism. These findings may have important implications for understanding adaptation to high altitude in other animal species and for hypoxia-related diseases in humans. Title: A new continuous fluorometric assay for acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitor screening with emissive core-shell silica particles containing tetraphenylethylene fluorophore Shen X, Liang F, Zhang G, Zhang D Ref: Analyst, 137:2119, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Shen_2012_Analyst_137_2119 PubMedSearch: Shen 2012 Analyst 137 2119 PubMedID: 22430667 Abstract Emissive core-shell silica particles with tetraphenylethylene moieties were prepared and characterized. Fluorescence quenching was observed for the silica particles upon addition of compound 2 (Dabcyl-ACh). This was attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the silica particles and 2 and the resulting photoinduced energy transfer between them. After incubation with AChE, the fluorescence intensity started to increase. The fluorescence enhancement became more significant when the concentration of AChE was higher. The reaction kinetic parameters for AChE were successfully estimated with the silica particles and 2. These results reveal that the ensemble of the silica particles and 2 can be utilized for AChE assay. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of the ensemble of the silica particles and 2 containing AChE were also measured after further addition of either neostigmine or tacrine which are typical inhibitors of AChE. The results manifest that the ensemble of the emissive silica particles and 2 is also useful for screening the inhibitors of AChE. Title: Novel pyrrolopyrimidine analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors based on pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization Xie H, Zeng L, Zeng S, Lu X, Zhang G, Zhao X, Cheng N, Tu Z, Li Z and Hu W <5 more author(s)> Xie H, Zeng L, Zeng S, Lu X, Zhang G, Zhao X, Cheng N, Tu Z, Li Z, Xu H, Yang L, Zhang X, Huang M, Zhao J, Hu W (- 5) Ref: Eur Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 52:205, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Xie_2012_Eur.J.Med.Chem_52_205 PubMedSearch: Xie 2012 Eur.J.Med.Chem 52 205 PubMedID: 22475866 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Alogliptin Abstract We previously reported a highly potent DPP-IV inhibitor 6 with low in vivo efficacy. While trying to maintain consistent in vitro and in vivo biological activity, we initiated a pharmacokinetic property-driven optimization to improve the metabolic stability and permeability of inhibitor 6. A simple scaffold replacement of thienopyrimidine with pyrrolopyrimidine (21a) led to significantly improved metabolic stability (4% vs. 65% remaining). Further modification of the pyrrolopyrimidine scaffold to produce compound 21j resulted in much better oral bioavailability than 6. Importantly, compound 21j exhibits greater in vivo efficacy than does 6 and Alogliptin and is worthy of further development. Title: Whole-genome sequence of Schistosoma haematobium Young ND, Jex AR, Li B, Liu S, Yang L, Xiong Z, Li Y, Cantacessi C, Hall RS and Gasser RB <17 more author(s)> Young ND, Jex AR, Li B, Liu S, Yang L, Xiong Z, Li Y, Cantacessi C, Hall RS, Xu X, Chen F, Wu X, Zerlotini A, Oliveira G, Hofmann A, Zhang G, Fang X, Kang Y, Campbell BE, Loukas A, Ranganathan S, Rollinson D, Rinaldi G, Brindley PJ, Yang H, Wang J, Gasser RB (- 17) Ref: Nat Genet, 44:221, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Young_2012_Nat.Genet_44_221 PubMedSearch: Young 2012 Nat.Genet 44 221 PubMedID: 22246508 Gene_locus related to this paper: schha-ACHE, schha-a0a094zs51, schha-a0a095agr4, schha-a0a095ai61, schha-a0a095ayl3, schha-a0a095c2i3, schha-a0a095ce64 Abstract Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (genus Schistosoma; schistosomes) and affecting 200 million people worldwide. No vaccines are available, and treatment relies on one drug, praziquantel. Schistosoma haematobium has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease, as an agent linked to bladder cancer and as a predisposing factor for HIV/AIDS. The parasite is transmitted to humans from freshwater snails. Worms dwell in blood vessels and release eggs that become embedded in the bladder wall to elicit chronic immune-mediated disease and induce squamous cell carcinoma. Here we sequenced the 385-Mb genome of S. haematobium using Illumina-based technology at 74-fold coverage and compared it to sequences from related parasites. We included genome annotation based on function, gene ontology, networking and pathway mapping. This genome now provides an unprecedented resource for many fundamental research areas and shows great promise for the design of new disease interventions. Title: The oyster genome reveals stress adaptation and complexity of shell formation Zhang G, Fang X, Guo X, Li L, Luo R, Xu F, Yang P, Zhang L, Wang X and Yin Y <66 more author(s)> Zhang G, Fang X, Guo X, Li L, Luo R, Xu F, Yang P, Zhang L, Wang X, Qi H, Xiong Z, Que H, Xie Y, Holland PW, Paps J, Zhu Y, Wu F, Chen Y, Wang J, Peng C, Meng J, Yang L, Liu J, Wen B, Zhang N, Huang Z, Zhu Q, Feng Y, Mount A, Hedgecock D, Xu Z, Liu Y, Domazet-Loso T, Du Y, Sun X, Zhang S, Liu B, Cheng P, Jiang X, Li J, Fan D, Wang W, Fu W, Wang T, Wang B, Zhang J, Peng Z, Li Y, Li N, Chen M, He Y, Tan F, Song X, Zheng Q, Huang R, Yang H, Du X, Chen L, Yang M, Gaffney PM, Wang S, Luo L, She Z, Ming Y, Huang W, Huang B, Zhang Y, Qu T, Ni P, Miao G, Wang Q, Steinberg CE, Wang H, Qian L, Liu X, Yin Y (- 66) Ref: Nature, 490:49, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2012_Nature_490_49 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2012 Nature 490 49 PubMedID: 22992520 Gene_locus related to this paper: cragi-k1qzk7, cragi-k1rad0, cragi-k1p6v9, cragi-k1pa46, cragi-k1pga2, cragi-k1pp63, cragi-k1pwa8, cragi-k1q0b1.1, cragi-k1q0b1.2, cragi-k1q1h2, cragi-k1q2z6, cragi-k1qaj8, cragi-k1qaw5, cragi-k1qhl5, cragi-k1qly1, cragi-k1qqb1.1, cragi-k1qqb1.2, cragi-k1qs61, cragi-k1qs99, cragi-k1qwl6, cragi-k1r068, cragi-k1r0n3.1, cragi-k1r0n3.2, cragi-k1r0r4, cragi-k1r1i9, cragi-k1r8q9, cragi-k1rgi1, cragi-k1rig4, cragi-k1s0a7.1, cragi-k1s0a7.2, cragi-k1s0a7.3, cragi-k1q6q0, cragi-k1rru1, cragi-k1qfi4, cragi-k1qvm5, cragi-k1qq58, cragi-k1qdc0, cragi-k1r754, cragi-k1pje5, cragi-k1qca6, cragi-k1qdt5, cragi-k1qkz7, cragi-k1rgd2, cragi-k1puh6, cragi-k1raz4, cragi-k1qqj4, cragi-k1rbs1 Abstract The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas belongs to one of the most species-rich but genomically poorly explored phyla, the Mollusca. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the oyster genome using short reads and a fosmid-pooling strategy, along with transcriptomes of development and stress response and the proteome of the shell. The oyster genome is highly polymorphic and rich in repetitive sequences, with some transposable elements still actively shaping variation. Transcriptome studies reveal an extensive set of genes responding to environmental stress. The expansion of genes coding for heat shock protein 70 and inhibitors of apoptosis is probably central to the oyster's adaptation to sessile life in the highly stressful intertidal zone. Our analyses also show that shell formation in molluscs is more complex than currently understood and involves extensive participation of cells and their exosomes. The oyster genome sequence fills a void in our understanding of the Lophotrochozoa. Title: Interkingdom gene transfer may contribute to the evolution of phytopathogenicity in botrytis cinerea Zhu B, Zhou Q, Xie G, Zhang G, Zhang X, Wang Y, Sun G, Li B, Jin G Ref: Evol Bioinform Online, 8:105, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhu_2012_Evol.Bioinform.Online_8_105 PubMedSearch: Zhu 2012 Evol.Bioinform.Online 8 105 PubMedID: 22346340 Abstract The ascomycete Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus infecting and causing significant yield losses in a number of crops. The genome of B. cinerea has been fully sequenced while the importance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to extend the host range in plant pathogenic fungi has been recently appreciated. However, recent data confirm that the B. cinerea fungus shares conserved virulence factors with other fungal plant pathogens with narrow host range. Therefore, interkingdom HGT may contribute to the evolution of phytopathogenicity in B. cinerea. In this study, a stringent genome comparison pipeline was used to identify potential genes that have been obtained by B. cinerea but not by other fungi through interkingdom HGT. This search led to the identification of four genes: a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT), a lipoprotein and two alpha/beta hydrolase fold proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the four genes suggests that B. cinerea acquired UGT from plants and the other 3 genes from bacteria. Based on the known gene functions and literature searching, a correlation between gene acquision and the evolution of pathogenicity in B. cinerea can be postulated. Title: A naked-eye visible and fluorescence turn-on probe for acetyl-cholinesterase assay and thiols as well as imaging of living cells Cui K, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang D Ref: Analyst, 136:191, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Cui_2011_Analyst_136_191 PubMedSearch: Cui 2011 Analyst 136 191 PubMedID: 20927440 Abstract A resorufin derivative with a DBS group (probe 1) was designed and investigated for the detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inhibitor screening. The new assay is based on cascade enzymatic and chemical reactions of ATC, AChE and probe 1, and it can be carried out in a dual-signal detection mode. Moreover, the results show that probe 1 can be used for cell fluorescence staining. Title: Draft genome sequence of Gordonia neofelifaecis NRRL B-59395, a cholesterol-degrading actinomycete Ge F, Li W, Chen G, Liu Y, Zhang G, Yong B, Wang Q, Wang N, Huang Z and Liu G <3 more author(s)> Ge F, Li W, Chen G, Liu Y, Zhang G, Yong B, Wang Q, Wang N, Huang Z, Wang J, Wu C, Xie Q, Liu G (- 3) Ref: Journal of Bacteriology, 193:5045, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Ge_2011_J.Bacteriol_193_5045 PubMedSearch: Ge 2011 J.Bacteriol 193 5045 PubMedID: 21742880 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9acto-f1yem7, 9acto-f1yf25, 9acto-f1yf38, 9acto-f1yie2, 9acto-f1yih2, 9acto-f1yj54, 9acto-f1yj56, 9acto-f1yjv0, 9acto-f1yjw7, 9acto-f1yk15, 9acto-f1ykt6, 9acto-f1ylb2, 9acto-f1yld6, 9acto-f1yme6, 9acto-f1yma9, 9acto-f1ymg7, 9acto-f1ydt0, 9acto-f1yfj9, 9actn-f1yfi8 Abstract We report a draft sequence of the genome of Gordonia neofelifaecis NRRL B-59395, a cholesterol-degrading actinomycete isolated from fresh feces of a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). As predicted, the reported genome contains several gene clusters for cholesterol degradation. This is the second available genome sequence of the family Gordoniaceae. Title: Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat Kim EB, Fang X, Fushan AA, Huang Z, Lobanov AV, Han L, Marino SM, Sun X, Turanov AA and Gladyshev VN <26 more author(s)> Kim EB, Fang X, Fushan AA, Huang Z, Lobanov AV, Han L, Marino SM, Sun X, Turanov AA, Yang P, Yim SH, Zhao X, Kasaikina MV, Stoletzki N, Peng C, Polak P, Xiong Z, Kiezun A, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Kryukov GV, Zhang Q, Peshkin L, Yang L, Bronson RT, Buffenstein R, Wang B, Han C, Li Q, Chen L, Zhao W, Sunyaev SR, Park TJ, Zhang G, Wang J, Gladyshev VN (- 26) Ref: Nature, 479:223, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Kim_2011_Nature_479_223 PubMedSearch: Kim 2011 Nature 479 223 PubMedID: 21993625 Gene_locus related to this paper: hetga-g5amh8, hetga-g5an68, hetga-g5anw7, hetga-g5as32, hetga-g5atg6, hetga-g5b5b7, hetga-g5b9m6, hetga-g5bdh8, hetga-g5bmv3, hetga-g5bp66, hetga-g5bp67, hetga-g5bp68, hetga-g5bpp3, hetga-g5bsd4, hetga-g5bul0, hetga-g5bw29, hetga-g5bze3, hetga-g5c6q5, hetga-g5bfw4, hetga-g5b832, hetga-g5c6q8, hetga-g5bj87, hetga-a0a0p6jix7, hetga-g5c108, hetga-g5c109, hetga-g5c110, hetga-g5arh0, hetga-g5aua1, hetga-g5are8, hetga-g5ax31, hetga-a0a0p6jud6, hetga-g5b7v3, hetga-a0a0p6jw61, hetga-a0a0p6jdl4, hetga-g5bg83, hetga-g5bcu5, hetga-g5bvp0, hetga-g5b8m7, hetga-g5b709, hetga-g5bt99, hetga-g5b4q4 Abstract The naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a strictly subterranean, extraordinarily long-lived eusocial mammal. Although it is the size of a mouse, its maximum lifespan exceeds 30 years, making this animal the longest-living rodent. Naked mole rats show negligible senescence, no age-related increase in mortality, and high fecundity until death. In addition to delayed ageing, they are resistant to both spontaneous cancer and experimentally induced tumorigenesis. Naked mole rats pose a challenge to the theories that link ageing, cancer and redox homeostasis. Although characterized by significant oxidative stress, the naked mole rat proteome does not show age-related susceptibility to oxidative damage or increased ubiquitination. Naked mole rats naturally reside in large colonies with a single breeding female, the 'queen', who suppresses the sexual maturity of her subordinates. They also live in full darkness, at low oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentrations, and are unable to sustain thermogenesis nor feel certain types of pain. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the naked mole rat genome, which reveals unique genome features and molecular adaptations consistent with cancer resistance, poikilothermy, hairlessness and insensitivity to low oxygen, and altered visual function, circadian rythms and taste sensing. This information provides insights into the naked mole rat's exceptional longevity and ability to live in hostile conditions, in the dark and at low oxygen. The extreme traits of the naked mole rat, together with the reported genome and transcriptome information, offer opportunities for understanding ageing and advancing other areas of biological and biomedical research. Title: The genome of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior suggests key adaptations to advanced social life and fungus farming Nygaard S, Zhang G, Schiott M, Li C, Wurm Y, Hu H, Zhou J, Ji L, Qiu F and Boomsma JJ <6 more author(s)> Nygaard S, Zhang G, Schiott M, Li C, Wurm Y, Hu H, Zhou J, Ji L, Qiu F, Rasmussen M, Pan H, Hauser F, Krogh A, Grimmelikhuijzen CJ, Wang J, Boomsma JJ (- 6) Ref: Genome Res, 21:1339, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Nygaard_2011_Genome.Res_21_1339 PubMedSearch: Nygaard 2011 Genome.Res 21 1339 PubMedID: 21719571 Gene_locus related to this paper: acrec-f4we58, acrec-f4wfr0, acrec-f4wwr9, acrec-f4x396, acrec-f4wlq1, acrec-f4wk97, acrec-f4wdb2, acrec-f4wdb3, acrec-f4x1t2 Abstract We present a high-quality (>100x depth) Illumina genome sequence of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior, a model species for symbiosis and reproductive conflict studies. We compare this genome with three previously sequenced genomes of ants from different subfamilies and focus our analyses on aspects of the genome likely to be associated with known evolutionary changes. The first is the specialized fungal diet of A. echinatior, where we find gene loss in the ant's arginine synthesis pathway, loss of detoxification genes, and expansion of a group of peptidase proteins. One of these is a unique ant-derived contribution to the fecal fluid, which otherwise consists of "garden manuring" fungal enzymes that are unaffected by ant digestion. The second is multiple mating of queens and ejaculate competition, which may be associated with a greatly expanded nardilysin-like peptidase gene family. The third is sex determination, where we could identify only a single homolog of the feminizer gene. As other ants and the honeybee have duplications of this gene, we hypothesize that this may partly explain the frequent production of diploid male larvae in A. echinatior. The fourth is the evolution of eusociality, where we find a highly conserved ant-specific profile of neuropeptide genes that may be related to caste determination. These first analyses of the A. echinatior genome indicate that considerable genetic changes are likely to have accompanied the transition from hunter-gathering to agricultural food production 50 million years ago, and the transition from single to multiple queen mating 10 million years ago. Title: Draft genome sequence of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), an orphan legume crop of resource-poor farmers Varshney RK, Chen W, Li Y, Bharti AK, Saxena RK, Schlueter JA, Donoghue MT, Azam S, Fan G and Jackson SA <21 more author(s)> Varshney RK, Chen W, Li Y, Bharti AK, Saxena RK, Schlueter JA, Donoghue MT, Azam S, Fan G, Whaley AM, Farmer AD, Sheridan J, Iwata A, Tuteja R, Penmetsa RV, Wu W, Upadhyaya HD, Yang SP, Shah T, Saxena KB, Michael T, McCombie WR, Yang B, Zhang G, Yang H, Wang J, Spillane C, Cook DR, May GD, Xu X, Jackson SA (- 21) Ref: Nat Biotechnol, 30:83, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Varshney_2011_Nat.Biotechnol_30_83 PubMedSearch: Varshney 2011 Nat.Biotechnol 30 83 PubMedID: 22057054 Gene_locus related to this paper: cajca-a0a151r9d2, cajca-a0a151u2m0, cajca-a0a151tes0, cajca-a0a151u784, cajca-a0a151sf79, cajca-a0a151qu18, cajca-a0a151sz37, cajca-a0a151ss18, cajca-a0a151rb44, cajca-a0a151ryr0, cajca-a0a151qzm6, cajca-a0a151rsm6, cajca-a0a151rsn1, cajca-a0a151tig2, cajca-a0a151rwt3, cajca-a0a151rx08, cajca-a0a151rws4 Abstract Pigeonpea is an important legume food crop grown primarily by smallholder farmers in many semi-arid tropical regions of the world. We used the Illumina next-generation sequencing platform to generate 237.2 Gb of sequence, which along with Sanger-based bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences and a genetic map, we assembled into scaffolds representing 72.7% (605.78 Mb) of the 833.07 Mb pigeonpea genome. Genome analysis predicted 48,680 genes for pigeonpea and also showed the potential role that certain gene families, for example, drought tolerance-related genes, have played throughout the domestication of pigeonpea and the evolution of its ancestors. Although we found a few segmental duplication events, we did not observe the recent genome-wide duplication events observed in soybean. This reference genome sequence will facilitate the identification of the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, and accelerate the development of improved pigeonpea varieties that could improve food security in many developing countries. Title: Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato Xu X, Pan S, Cheng S, Zhang B, Mu D, Ni P, Zhang G, Yang S, Li R and Visser RG <87 more author(s)> Xu X, Pan S, Cheng S, Zhang B, Mu D, Ni P, Zhang G, Yang S, Li R, Wang J, Orjeda G, Guzman F, Torres M, Lozano R, Ponce O, Martinez D, De la Cruz G, Chakrabarti SK, Patil VU, Skryabin KG, Kuznetsov BB, Ravin NV, Kolganova TV, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Di Genova A, Bolser DM, Martin DM, Li G, Yang Y, Kuang H, Hu Q, Xiong X, Bishop GJ, Sagredo B, Mejia N, Zagorski W, Gromadka R, Gawor J, Szczesny P, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liang C, He J, Li Y, He Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Xie B, Du Y, Qu D, Bonierbale M, Ghislain M, Herrera Mdel R, Giuliano G, Pietrella M, Perrotta G, Facella P, O'Brien K, Feingold SE, Barreiro LE, Massa GA, Diambra L, Whitty BR, Vaillancourt B, Lin H, Massa AN, Geoffroy M, Lundback S, DellaPenna D, Buell CR, Sharma SK, Marshall DF, Waugh R, Bryan GJ, Destefanis M, Nagy I, Milbourne D, Thomson SJ, Fiers M, Jacobs JM, Nielsen KL, Sonderkaer M, Iovene M, Torres GA, Jiang J, Veilleux RE, Bachem CW, De Boer J, Borm T, Kloosterman B, van Eck H, Datema E, Hekkert B, Goverse A, van Ham RC, Visser RG (- 87) Ref: Nature, 475:189, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Xu_2011_Nature_475_189 PubMedSearch: Xu 2011 Nature 475 189 PubMedID: 21743474 Gene_locus related to this paper: soltu-q2tqv0, soltu-q4h433, soltu-m0zl00, soltu-m1aw23, soltu-m0zxh5, soltu-m1d3q4, soltu-m1bz14, soltu-m1d3q6, sollc-k4b1g3, soltu-m0zzn8, soltu-m1ba60, sollc-k4bf33, soltu-m1c8d8, soltu-m1ced9, soltu-m1a385, soltu-m1bz15, soltu-m1a7s9, soltu-m1bc84, soltu-m1bpd1, sollc-k4bm34, soltu-m1a487, soltu-m1a5u0, soltu-m1cjx7, soltu-m1bvq8, soltu-m1baq1, soltu-m1cfh4, soltu-m1azl4, soltu-m0ztj0, soltu-m1d6d0 Abstract Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop. Title: Genome sequencing and comparison of two nonhuman primate animal models, the cynomolgus and Chinese rhesus macaques Yan G, Zhang G, Fang X, Zhang Y, Li C, Ling F, Cooper DN, Li Q, Li Y and Wang X <32 more author(s)> Yan G, Zhang G, Fang X, Zhang Y, Li C, Ling F, Cooper DN, Li Q, Li Y, van Gool AJ, Du H, Chen J, Chen R, Zhang P, Huang Z, Thompson JR, Meng Y, Bai Y, Wang J, Zhuo M, Wang T, Huang Y, Wei L, Li J, Wang Z, Hu H, Yang P, Le L, Stenson PD, Li B, Liu X, Ball EV, An N, Huang Q, Fan W, Zhang X, Wang W, Katze MG, Su B, Nielsen R, Yang H, Wang X (- 32) Ref: Nat Biotechnol, 29:1019, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Yan_2011_Nat.Biotechnol_29_1019 PubMedSearch: Yan 2011 Nat.Biotechnol 29 1019 PubMedID: 22002653 Gene_locus related to this paper: macfa-BCHE, macfa-g7nzc0, macfa-g7nze2, macfa-g7p4b9, macfa-g7pa87, macfa-g7pd01, macfa-g7q259, macfa-3neur, macfa-g8f585, macfa-KANSL3, macfa-q4r8p0, macfa-SPG21, macfa-TEX30, macmu-3neur, macmu-ACHE, macmu-BCHE, macmu-f6sz31, macmu-f6the6, macmu-f6zkq5, macmu-f7buk8, macmu-f7cfi8, macmu-f7flv1, macmu-f7ggk1, macmu-f7hir7, macmu-g7n054, macmu-g7npb8, macmu-g7nq39, macmu-KANSL3, macmu-TEX30, macfa-g7pgg6, macmu-g7n4x3, macfa-g7nzx2, macfa-g8f4f7, macmu-f7ba84, macfa-g7psx7, macmu-h9er02, macfa-g8f3k0, macfa-a0a2k5w1n7, macmu-g7mxj6, macfa-g7pbk1, macfa-a0a2k5urk5, macfa-a0a2k5wye4, macfa-g7pe14, macmu-f7hkw9, macmu-f7hm08, macmu-g7mke4, macfa-g7nxn9, macmu-a0a1d5rh04, macmu-h9fud6, macfa-g8f3e1, macfa-i7gcw6, macmu-f6qwx1, macmu-f7h4t2, macfa-a0a2k5wkd0, macfa-a0a2k5v7v4, macfa-g7p7y3, macfa-a0a2k5uqq3, macmu-i2cu80, macfa-g8f5i1, macmu-f7h550, macmu-f7gkb9, macfa-a0a2k5tui1 Abstract The nonhuman primates most commonly used in medical research are from the genus Macaca. To better understand the genetic differences between these animal models, we present high-quality draft genome sequences from two macaque species, the cynomolgus/crab-eating macaque and the Chinese rhesus macaque. Comparison with the previously sequenced Indian rhesus macaque reveals that all three macaques maintain abundant genetic heterogeneity, including millions of single-nucleotide substitutions and many insertions, deletions and gross chromosomal rearrangements. By assessing genetic regions with reduced variability, we identify genes in each macaque species that may have experienced positive selection. Genetic divergence patterns suggest that the cynomolgus macaque genome has been shaped by introgression after hybridization with the Chinese rhesus macaque. Macaque genes display a high degree of sequence similarity with human disease gene orthologs and drug targets. However, we identify several putatively dysfunctional genetic differences between the three macaque species, which may explain functional differences between them previously observed in clinical studies. Title: Complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TA208, a strain for industrial production of guanosine and ribavirin Zhang G, Deng A, Xu Q, Liang Y, Chen N, Wen T Ref: Journal of Bacteriology, 193:3142, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2011_J.Bacteriol_193_3142 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2011 J.Bacteriol 193 3142 PubMedID: 21515778 Gene_locus related to this paper: baca2-a7z811 Abstract Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TA208, a strain for industrial production of guanosine and synthesis of ribavirin by assimilation of formamide. Comparison of its genome sequence with those of strains DSM7 and FZB42 revealed horizontal gene transfer represented by unique prophages and restriction-modification systems and indicated significant accumulation of guanosine. Title: Genomic comparison of the ants Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator Bonasio R, Zhang G, Ye C, Mutti NS, Fang X, Qin N, Donahue G, Yang P, Li Q and Liebig J <6 more author(s)> Bonasio R, Zhang G, Ye C, Mutti NS, Fang X, Qin N, Donahue G, Yang P, Li Q, Li C, Zhang P, Huang Z, Berger SL, Reinberg D, Wang J, Liebig J (- 6) Ref: Science, 329:1068, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Bonasio_2010_Science_329_1068 PubMedSearch: Bonasio 2010 Science 329 1068 PubMedID: 20798317 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9hyme-e1zye4, 9hyme-e2a0n6, 9hyme-e2a3j7, 9hyme-e2a4n5, 9hyme-e2a4n6, 9hyme-e2a8v4, 9hyme-e2a9y2, 9hyme-e2acx6, 9hyme-e2adw2, 9hyme-e2adw3, 9hyme-e2adw4, 9hyme-e2adw5, 9hyme-e2adw7, 9hyme-e2adw9, 9hyme-e2adx0, 9hyme-e2ai90, 9hyme-e2ajl7, 9hyme-e2ajl8, 9hyme-e2ajl9, 9hyme-e2am67, 9hyme-e2am68, 9hyme-e2any0, 9hyme-e2ara9, 9hyme-e2axr7, 9hyme-e2b2q4, 9hyme-e2b493, 9hyme-e2bc53, 9hyme-e2bft9, 9hyme-e2bfu1, 9hyme-e2bfu2, 9hyme-e2bi28, 9hyme-e2bn41, 9hyme-e2by80, 9hyme-e2c2j5, camfo-e1zwv0, camfo-e1zxk2, camfo-e1zze7, camfo-e2a1a9, camfo-e2a6b9, camfo-e2a925, camfo-e2af07, camfo-e2af09, camfo-e2ahe1, camfo-e2am62, camfo-e2ap71, camfo-e2aqx6, camfo-e2ar09, camfo-e2arj6, camfo-e2ask6, camfo-e2av24, camfo-e2axp8, camfo-e2az30, camfo-e2b0g1, camfo-e2b1u7, camfo-e2b1v1, harsa-e2b4e6, harsa-e2b4y5, harsa-e2b5u0, harsa-e2b6u3, harsa-e2b8w0, harsa-e2b8w2, harsa-e2b370, harsa-e2b563, harsa-e2bfn3, harsa-e2bh58, harsa-e2bh77, harsa-e2bnc8, harsa-e2bng4, harsa-e2bnh3, harsa-e2btb0, harsa-e2buf0, harsa-e2bva8, harsa-e2bwj6, harsa-e2bwn1, harsa-e2c1r6, harsa-e2c1r7, harsa-e2c5m6, harsa-e2c6m2, harsa-e2c618, camfo-e2ad05, harsa-e2ca28, camfo-e2a8t9, harsa-e2blx5, camfo-e1zxe8, harsa-e2bmi6, harsa-e2c8h0, camfo-e2a7b9, camfo-e1zyd7, camfo-e1zyd8, harsa-e2c2j9, harsa-e2bmu7, camfo-e2ax69, camfo-e2a482, harsa-e2c147 Abstract The organized societies of ants include short-lived worker castes displaying specialized behavior and morphology and long-lived queens dedicated to reproduction. We sequenced and compared the genomes of two socially divergent ant species: Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator. Both genomes contained high amounts of CpG, despite the presence of DNA methylation, which in non-Hymenoptera correlates with CpG depletion. Comparison of gene expression in different castes identified up-regulation of telomerase and sirtuin deacetylases in longer-lived H. saltator reproductives, caste-specific expression of microRNAs and SMYD histone methyltransferases, and differential regulation of genes implicated in neuronal function and chemical communication. Our findings provide clues on the molecular differences between castes in these two ants and establish a new experimental model to study epigenetics in aging and behavior. Title: The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome Li R, Fan W, Tian G, Zhu H, He L, Cai J, Huang Q, Cai Q, Li B and Yang H <103 more author(s)> Li R, Fan W, Tian G, Zhu H, He L, Cai J, Huang Q, Cai Q, Li B, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang W, Li J, Wei F, Li H, Jian M, Nielsen R, Li D, Gu W, Yang Z, Xuan Z, Ryder OA, Leung FC, Zhou Y, Cao J, Sun X, Fu Y, Fang X, Guo X, Wang B, Hou R, Shen F, Mu B, Ni P, Lin R, Qian W, Wang G, Yu C, Nie W, Wang J, Wu Z, Liang H, Min J, Wu Q, Cheng S, Ruan J, Wang M, Shi Z, Wen M, Liu B, Ren X, Zheng H, Dong D, Cook K, Shan G, Zhang H, Kosiol C, Xie X, Lu Z, Li Y, Steiner CC, Lam TT, Lin S, Zhang Q, Li G, Tian J, Gong T, Liu H, Zhang D, Fang L, Ye C, Zhang J, Hu W, Xu A, Ren Y, Zhang G, Bruford MW, Li Q, Ma L, Guo Y, An N, Hu Y, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Li Z, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao J, Qu N, Zhao S, Tian F, Wang X, Wang H, Xu L, Liu X, Vinar T, Wang Y, Lam TW, Yiu SM, Liu S, Huang Y, Yang G, Jiang Z, Qin N, Li L, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, Wong GK, Olson M, Zhang X, Li S, Yang H (- 103) Ref: Nature, 463:311, 2010 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2010_Nature_463_311 PubMedSearch: Li 2010 Nature 463 311 PubMedID: 20010809 Gene_locus related to this paper: ailme-ABH15, ailme-ACHE, ailme-BCHE, ailme-d2gtv3, ailme-d2gty9, ailme-d2gu87, ailme-d2gu97, ailme-d2gve7, ailme-d2gwu1, ailme-d2gx08, ailme-d2gyt0, ailme-d2gz36, ailme-d2gz37, ailme-d2gz38, ailme-d2gz39, ailme-d2gz40, ailme-d2h5r9, ailme-d2h7b7, ailme-d2h9c9, ailme-d2h794, ailme-d2hau7, ailme-d2hau8, ailme-d2hcd9, ailme-d2hdi6, ailme-d2heu6, ailme-d2hga4, ailme-d2hqw5, ailme-d2hs98, ailme-d2hsx4, ailme-d2hti6, ailme-d2htv3, ailme-d2htz6, ailme-d2huc7, ailme-d2hwj8, ailme-d2hwy7, ailme-d2hxm1, ailme-d2hyc8, ailme-d2hyv2, ailme-d2hz11, ailme-d2hza3, ailme-d2hzr4, ailme-d2i1l4, ailme-d2i2g8, ailme-g1l7m3, ailme-g1lu36, ailme-g1m769, ailme-g1mc29, ailme-g1mdj8, ailme-g1mdr5, ailme-g1mfp4, ailme-g1mfx5, ailme-g1lj41, ailme-g1lm28, ailme-g1l3u1, ailme-g1l7l1, ailme-g1m5i3, ailme-g1l2f6, ailme-g1lji5, ailme-g1lqk3, ailme-g1l8s9, ailme-d2h717, ailme-d2h718, ailme-d2h719, ailme-d2h720, ailme-g1m5v0, ailme-g1m5y7, ailme-g1lkt7, ailme-g1l2a1, ailme-g1lsc8, ailme-g1lrp4, ailme-d2gv02, ailme-g1mik5, ailme-g1ljr1, ailme-g1lxw7, ailme-d2h8b5, ailme-d2h2r2, ailme-d2h9w7, ailme-g1meh3, ailme-g1m719 Abstract Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes. Title: New cholesterol-based gelators with maleimide unit and the relevant Michael adducts: chemoresponsive organogels Chen Q, Zhang D, Zhang G, Zhu D Ref: Langmuir, 25:11436, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2009_Langmuir_25_11436 PubMedSearch: Chen 2009 Langmuir 25 11436 PubMedID: 19507817 Abstract Compound 1 containing cholesteryl and maleimide units can gel a few organic solvents such as cyclohexane. It is interesting to note that the gel-sol transition can be triggered by addition of trace amounts of thiol and triethylamine. In this regard, we successfully demonstrate the proof of principle for designing chemoresponsive gels by incorporating the reactive groups into the gelators. Additionally, the Michael adducts 2 and 3 were prepared. Compounds 2 and 3 can also gel several organic solvents. The results also show that slight molecular structural variation has a large effect on the gelation ability of the compound. These organogels were characterized with SEM, AFM, CD, and XRD. Interestingly, gelation-induced CD spectra were observed for gels of 1, 2, and 3. Title: The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L Huang S, Li R, Zhang Z, Li L, Gu X, Fan W, Lucas WJ, Wang X, Xie B and Du Y <77 more author(s)> Huang S, Li R, Zhang Z, Li L, Gu X, Fan W, Lucas WJ, Wang X, Xie B, Ni P, Ren Y, Zhu H, Li J, Lin K, Jin W, Fei Z, Li G, Staub J, Kilian A, van der Vossen EA, Wu Y, Guo J, He J, Jia Z, Tian G, Lu Y, Ruan J, Qian W, Wang M, Huang Q, Li B, Xuan Z, Cao J, Asan, Wu Z, Zhang J, Cai Q, Bai Y, Zhao B, Han Y, Li Y, Li X, Wang S, Shi Q, Liu S, Cho WK, Kim JY, Xu Y, Heller-Uszynska K, Miao H, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Wu J, Yang Y, Kang H, Li M, Liang H, Ren X, Shi Z, Wen M, Jian M, Yang H, Zhang G, Yang Z, Chen R, Ma L, Liu H, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Fang X, Fang L, Liu D, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Qin N, Li Z, Yang G, Yang S, Bolund L, Kristiansen K, Li S, Zhang X, Wang J, Sun R, Zhang B, Jiang S, Du Y (- 77) Ref: Nat Genet, 41:1275, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Huang_2009_Nat.Genet_41_1275 PubMedSearch: Huang 2009 Nat.Genet 41 1275 PubMedID: 19881527 Gene_locus related to this paper: cucsa-a0a0a0ktw5, cucsa-a0a0a0lnt6, cucsa-a0a0a0kpn7, cucsa-a0a0a0lvt9, cucsa-a0a0a0kdx8, cucsa-a0a0a0m228, cucsa-a0a0a0kz31, cucsa-a0a0a0k5t5, cucsa-a0a0a0kfs7, cucsa-a0a0a0kjj7, cucsa-a0a0a0kzs7, cucsa-a0a0a0l0a6, cucsa-a0a0a0l4w4, cucsa-a0a0a0lpz0, cucsa-a0a0a0ls66 Abstract Cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for sex determination studies and plant vascular biology. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Cucumis sativus var. sativus L., assembled using a novel combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation Illumina GA sequencing technologies to obtain 72.2-fold genome coverage. The absence of recent whole-genome duplication, along with the presence of few tandem duplications, explains the small number of genes in the cucumber. Our study establishes that five of the cucumber's seven chromosomes arose from fusions of ten ancestral chromosomes after divergence from Cucumis melo. The sequenced cucumber genome affords insight into traits such as its sex expression, disease resistance, biosynthesis of cucurbitacin and 'fresh green' odor. We also identify 686 gene clusters related to phloem function. The cucumber genome provides a valuable resource for developing elite cultivars and for studying the evolution and function of the plant vascular system. Title: A fluorescence turn-on ensemble for acetylcholinesterase activity assay and inhibitor screening Peng L, Zhang G, Zhang D, Xiang J, Zhao R, Wang Y, Zhu D Ref: Org Lett, 11:4014, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Peng_2009_Org.Lett_11_4014 PubMedSearch: Peng 2009 Org.Lett 11 4014 PubMedID: 19708709 Abstract By making use of the aggregation-induced emission feature of compound 1 and the cascade reactions among acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC), AChE, and compound 2, a new fluorescence "turn-on" method is developed for AChE assay and inhibitor-screening. Title: Invasive mechanism and management strategy of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B: progress report of 973 Program on invasive alien species in China Wan F, Zhang G, Liu S, Luo C, Chu D, Zhang Y, Zang L, Jiu M, Lu Z and Lei Z <6 more author(s)> Wan F, Zhang G, Liu S, Luo C, Chu D, Zhang Y, Zang L, Jiu M, Lu Z, Cui X, Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhang Q, Liu W, Liang P, Lei Z (- 6) Ref: Sci China C Life Sciences, 52:88, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Wan_2009_Sci.China.C.Life.Sci_52_88 PubMedSearch: Wan 2009 Sci.China.C.Life.Sci 52 88 PubMedID: 19152088 Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, called a "superbug", is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide. In this report, the invasive mechanism and management of B. tabaci biotype B, based on our 5-year studies, are presented. Six B. tabaci biotypes, B, Q, ZHJ1, ZHJ2, ZHJ3 and FJ1, have been identified in China. Biotype B dominates the other biotypes in many regions of the country. Genetic diversity in biotype B might be induced by host plant, geographical conditions, and/or insecticidal application. The activities of CarE (carboxylesterase) and GSTs (glutathione-S-transferase) in biotype B reared on cucumber and squash were greater than on other host plants, which might have increased its resistance to insecticides. The higher activities of detoxification enzymes in biotype B might be induced by the secondary metabolites in host plants. Higher adaptive ability of biotype B adults to adverse conditions might be linked to the expression of heat shock protein genes. The indigenous B. tabaci biotypes were displaced by the biotype B within 225 d. The asymmetric mating interactions and mutualism between biotype B and begomoviruses via its host plants speed up widespread invasion and displacement of other biotypes. B. tabaci biotype B displaced Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) after 4-7 generations under glasshouse conditions. Greater adaptive ability of the biotype B to adverse conditions and its rapid population increase might be the reasons of its successful displacement of T. vaporariorum. Greater ability of the biotype B to switch to different host plants may enrich its host plants, which might enable it to better compete with T. vaporariorum. Native predatory natural enemies possess greater ability to suppress B. tabaci under field conditions. The kairomones in the 3rd and 4th instars of biotype B may provide an important stimulus in host searching and location by its parasitoids. The present results provide useful information in explaining the mechanisms of genetic diversity, evolution and molecular eco-adaptation of biotype B. Furthermore, it provides a base for sustainable management of B. tabaci using biological and ecological measures. Title: Continuous colorimetric assay for acetylcholinesterase and inhibitor screening with gold nanoparticles Wang M, Gu X, Zhang G, Zhang D, Zhu D Ref: Langmuir, 25:2504, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2009_Langmuir_25_2504 PubMedSearch: Wang 2009 Langmuir 25 2504 PubMedID: 19154124 Abstract We report herein a new colorimetric assay method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and its inhibitor screening by making use of the following facts: (1) the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) results in the red-shift of the plasmon absorption due to interparticle plasmon interactions and (2) AChE can catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine into thiocholine which can induce the aggregation of Au-NPs. With this convenient method, the activity of AChE with a concentration as low as 0.6 mU/mL can be assayed. Moreover, this assay method is also useful for screening inhibitors of AChE. Given its simplicity and easy-operation, this method may extend to high-throughput screening of AChE inhibitors and relevant drug discovery. Title: Convenient and continuous fluorometric assay method for acetylcholinesterase and inhibitor screening based on the aggregation-induced emission Wang M, Gu X, Zhang G, Zhang D, Zhu D Ref: Analytical Chemistry, 81:4444, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2009_Anal.Chem_81_4444 PubMedSearch: Wang 2009 Anal.Chem 81 4444 PubMedID: 19374428 Abstract A new convenient and continuous fluorometric assay method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor screening is successfully established with the ensemble of 1 [a TPE (tetraphenylethylene) compound with two sulfonate (-SO(3)(-)) units] and myristoylcholine (an amphiphilic compound as a good substrate of AChE). This new assay method is designed by making use of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature of TPE compounds. Both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence confocal microscopic measurements indicated the formation of aggregation complex for the ensemble of 1 and myristoylcholine and further disassembly of the aggregation complex after introducing AChE. The analysis for AChE can be carried out continuously, and AChE with concentration as low as 0.5 U/mL can be assayed. The results also clearly demonstrate the usefulness of this convenient assay method for kinetic study of AChE-catalyzed myristoylcholine hydrolysis and screening inhibitors of AChE. Given its simplicity and easy operation, this method may extend to high-throughput screening of AChE inhibitors and relevant Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug discovery. Title: PCR cloning of type II polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes from two Pseudomonas strains Zhang G, Hang X, Green P, Ho KP, Chen GQ Ref: FEMS Microbiology Letters, 198:165, 2001 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2001_FEMS.Microbiol.Lett_198_165 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2001 FEMS.Microbiol.Lett 198 165 PubMedID: 11430409 Gene_locus related to this paper: pseme-PHAC1, pseme-PHAC2, pseme-PHAZ, psepf-PHAZ Abstract Two polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase genes, phaC1 from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes HBQ06 and phaC2 from Pseudomonas nitroreducens 0802, were cloned using a PCR cloning strategy based on the type II pha loci property of Pseudomonas strains. The complete open reading frames (ORFs) of phaC1 (P. nitroreducens HBQ06) and phaC2 (P. nitroreducens 0802) were identified from the PCR products. Using the sequence information, the complete PHA synthase genes were PCR cloned directly from the genomic DNA and expressed in Escherichia coli as confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The differences between PhaC1 and PhaC2 were analyzed and the two proteins were suggested to contain different functions and evolution history. Title: The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, Evans CA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides PG, Scherer SE, Li PW, Hoskins RA and Venter JC <185 more author(s)> Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, Evans CA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides PG, Scherer SE, Li PW, Hoskins RA, Galle RF, George RA, Lewis SE, Richards S, Ashburner M, Henderson SN, Sutton GG, Wortman JR, Yandell MD, Zhang Q, Chen LX, Brandon RC, Rogers YH, Blazej RG, Champe M, Pfeiffer BD, Wan KH, Doyle C, Baxter EG, Helt G, Nelson CR, Gabor GL, Abril JF, Agbayani A, An HJ, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Baldwin D, Ballew RM, Basu A, Baxendale J, Bayraktaroglu L, Beasley EM, Beeson KY, Benos PV, Berman BP, Bhandari D, Bolshakov S, Borkova D, Botchan MR, Bouck J, Brokstein P, Brottier P, Burtis KC, Busam DA, Butler H, Cadieu E, Center A, Chandra I, Cherry JM, Cawley S, Dahlke C, Davenport LB, Davies P, de Pablos B, Delcher A, Deng Z, Mays AD, Dew I, Dietz SM, Dodson K, Doup LE, Downes M, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunkov BC, Dunn P, Durbin KJ, Evangelista CC, Ferraz C, Ferriera S, Fleischmann W, Fosler C, Gabrielian AE, Garg NS, Gelbart WM, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gong F, Gorrell JH, Gu Z, Guan P, Harris M, Harris NL, Harvey D, Heiman TJ, Hernandez JR, Houck J, Hostin D, Houston KA, Howland TJ, Wei MH, Ibegwam C, Jalali M, Kalush F, Karpen GH, Ke Z, Kennison JA, Ketchum KA, Kimmel BE, Kodira CD, Kraft C, Kravitz S, Kulp D, Lai Z, Lasko P, Lei Y, Levitsky AA, Li J, Li Z, Liang Y, Lin X, Liu X, Mattei B, McIntosh TC, McLeod MP, McPherson D, Merkulov G, Milshina NV, Mobarry C, Morris J, Moshrefi A, Mount SM, Moy M, Murphy B, Murphy L, Muzny DM, Nelson DL, Nelson DR, Nelson KA, Nixon K, Nusskern DR, Pacleb JM, Palazzolo M, Pittman GS, Pan S, Pollard J, Puri V, Reese MG, Reinert K, Remington K, Saunders RD, Scheeler F, Shen H, Shue BC, Siden-Kiamos I, Simpson M, Skupski MP, Smith T, Spier E, Spradling AC, Stapleton M, Strong R, Sun E, Svirskas R, Tector C, Turner R, Venter E, Wang AH, Wang X, Wang ZY, Wassarman DA, Weinstock GM, Weissenbach J, Williams SM, WoodageT, Worley KC, Wu D, Yang S, Yao QA, Ye J, Yeh RF, Zaveri JS, Zhan M, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zheng XH, Zhong FN, Zhong W, Zhou X, Zhu S, Zhu X, Smith HO, Gibbs RA, Myers EW, Rubin GM, Venter JC (- 185) Ref: Science, 287:2185, 2000 : PubMed ESTHER: Adams_2000_Science_287_2185 PubMedSearch: Adams 2000 Science 287 2185 PubMedID: 10731132 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-1vite, drome-2vite, drome-3vite, drome-a1z6g9, drome-abhd2, drome-ACHE, drome-b6idz4, drome-BEM46, drome-CG5707, drome-CG5704, drome-CG1309, drome-CG1882, drome-CG1986, drome-CG2059, drome-CG2493, drome-CG2528, drome-CG2772, drome-CG3160, drome-CG3344, drome-CG3523, drome-CG3524, drome-CG3734, drome-CG3739, drome-CG3744, drome-CG3841, drome-CG4267, drome-CG4382, drome-CG4390, drome-CG4572, drome-CG4582, drome-CG4851, drome-CG4979, drome-CG5068, drome-CG5162, drome-CG5355, drome-CG5377, drome-CG5397, drome-CG5412, drome-CG5665, drome-CG5932, drome-CG5966, drome-CG6018, drome-CG6113, drome-CG6271, drome-CG6283, drome-CG6295, drome-CG6296, drome-CG6414, drome-CG6431, drome-CG6472, drome-CG6567, drome-CG6675, drome-CG6753, drome-CG6847, drome-CG7329, drome-CG7367, drome-CG7529, drome-CG7632, drome-CG8058, drome-CG8093, drome-CG8233, drome-CG8424, drome-CG8425, drome-CG9059, drome-CG9186, drome-CG9287, drome-CG9289, drome-CG9542, drome-CG9858, drome-CG9953, drome-CG9966, drome-CG10116, drome-CG10163, drome-CG10175, drome-CG10339, drome-CG10357, drome-CG10982, drome-CG11034, drome-CG11055, drome-CG11309, drome-CG11319, drome-CG11406, drome-CG11598, drome-CG11600, drome-CG11608, drome-CG11626, drome-CG11935, drome-CG12108, drome-CG12869, drome-CG13282, drome-CG13562, drome-CG13772, drome-CG14034, drome-nlg3, drome-CG14717, drome-CG15101, drome-CG15102, drome-CG15106, drome-CG15111, drome-CG15820, drome-CG15821, drome-CG15879, drome-CG17097, drome-CG17099, drome-CG17101, drome-CG17191, drome-CG17192, drome-CG17292, drome-CG18258, drome-CG18284, drome-CG18301, drome-CG18302, drome-CG18493, drome-CG18530, drome-CG18641, drome-CG18815, drome-CG31089, drome-CG31091, drome-CG32333, drome-CG32483, drome-CG33174, drome-dnlg1, drome-este4, drome-este6, drome-GH02384, drome-GH02439, drome-glita, drome-KRAKEN, drome-lip1, drome-LIP2, drome-lip3, drome-MESK2, drome-nrtac, drome-OME, drome-q7k274, drome-Q9VJN0, drome-Q8IP31, drome-q9vux3 Abstract The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity. Title: [Experimental study on effect of bushen yijing recipe in delaying senility of bone and brain of aged male rats] Zhang G, Ma J, Zhang Q Ref: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 20:43, 2000 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhang_2000_Zhongguo.Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za.Zhi_20_43 PubMedSearch: Zhang 2000 Zhongguo.Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za.Zhi 20 43 PubMedID: 11783337 Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Bushen Yijing recipe BSYJR in delaying senility of bone and brain of aged male rats and infer its mechanism in delaying systemic senility METHODS Forty male SD rats 24 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups the baseline control group the aged control group 30 months old the BSYJR high dose group and the BSYJR low dose group The latter two groups received BSYJR treatment from 24 months old to 30 months old Bone indexes bone density of the proximal middle and distal segments of left femur and break bending load of right femur and brain indexes binding capacity of M receptor and cholinesterase activity of brain were measured after responding treatment RESULTS In bone BSYJR could not only increase the bone mineral density in various segments of femur but also raise the bending break load of femur dose-effect dependently In brain BSYJR could both up-regulate the binding capacity of M receptor and inhibit the activity of cholinesterase CONCLUSION BSYJR could delay the senility of bone and brain in male rats inferring that it might regulate integrally the abnormality of aging in Kidney Asthenia and Essence Deficiency through mediation of nerve-endocrine-immunity network Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 Dunham I, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP and O'Brien KP <207 more author(s)> Dunham I, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chen Y, Clark G, Clegg SM, Cobley VE, Cole CG, Collier RE, Connor R, Conroy D, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Cox AV, Davis J, Dawson E, Dhami PD, Dockree C, Dodsworth SJ, Durbin RM, Ellington AG, Evans KL, Fey JM, Fleming K, French L, Garner AA, Gilbert JGR, Goward ME, Grafham DV, Griffiths MND, Hall C, Hall RE, Hall-Tamlyn G, Heathcott RW, Ho S, Holmes S, Hunt SE, Jones MC, Kershaw J, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford CF, Leversha MA, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Martyn ID, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews LH, Mccann OT, Mcclay J, Mclaren S, McMurray AA, Milne SA, Mortimore BJ, Odell CN, Pavitt R, Pearce AV, Pearson D, Phillimore BJCT, Phillips SH, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Ramsey Y, Rogers L, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Skuce CD, Smalley S, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Spragon L, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann RM, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whiteley MN, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Williamson H, Wilmer TE, Wilming L, Wright CL, Hubbard T, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Shimizu N, Minoshima S, Kawasaki K, Sasaki T, Asakawa S, Kudoh J, Shintani A, Shibuya K, Yoshizaki Y, Aoki N, Mitsuyama S, Roe BA, Chen F, Chu L, Crabtree J, Deschamps S, Do A, Do T, Dorman A, Fang F, Fu Y, Hu P, Hua A, Kenton S, Lai H, Lao HI, Lewis J, Lewis S, Lin S-P, Loh P, Malaj E, Nguyen T, Pan H, Phan S, Qi S, Qian Y, Ray L, Ren Q, Shaull S, Sloan D, Song L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, White J, Willingham D, Wu H, Yao Z, Zhan M, Zhang G, Chissoe S, Murray J, Miller N, Minx P, Fulton R, Johnson D, Bemis G, Bentley D, Bradshaw H, Bourne S, Cordes M, Du Z, Fulton L, Goela D, Graves T, Hawkins J, Hinds K, Kemp K, Latreille P, Layman D, Ozersky P, Rohlfing T, Scheet P, Walker C, Wamsley A, Wohldmann P, Pepin K, Nelson J, Korf I, Bedell JA, Hillier L, Mardis E, Waterston R, Wilson R, Emanuel BS, Shaikh T, Kurahashi H, Saitta S, Budarf ML, McDermid HE, Johnson A, Wong ACC, Morrow BE, Edelmann L, Kim UJ, Shizuya H, Simon MI, Dumanski JP, Peyrard M, Kedra D, Seroussi E, Fransson I, Tapia I, Bruder CE, O'Brien KP (- 207) Ref: Nature, 402:489, 1999 : PubMed ESTHER: Dunham_1999_Nature_402_489 PubMedSearch: Dunham 1999 Nature 402 489 PubMedID: 10591208 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-CES5A, human-SERHL2 Abstract Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome. | |||||||
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