(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Viridiplantae: NE > Streptophyta: NE > Streptophytina: NE > Embryophyta: NE > Tracheophyta: NE > Euphyllophyta: NE > Spermatophyta: NE > Magnoliophyta: NE > Mesangiospermae: NE > Liliopsida: NE > Petrosaviidae: NE > commelinids: NE > Poales: NE > Poaceae: NE > BOP clade: NE > Pooideae: NE > Brachypodieae: NE > Brachypodium: NE > Brachypodium distachyon: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MGIVEEAHNLRVVGEGKRGVIVLAHGFGTDQSVWKHLVPHLVADYRVVLF DTMGAGPTNPDYFDFARYATLEGYALDLLAILQELGVASCIYVGHSVSAV IGVLASISRPDLFSKLVLLSASPRYLNDVDYYGGFEQEELDELFEAIRSN YKAWCSGFAPLCVGGDLESVAVQEFSRTLFNIRPDIALSVAQTIFQSDVR SLLSLVTVPCHIVQSTKDLAVPVVVSEYLHKHLGGDSIVEVMPSEGHLPQ LSSPDIVTPVLLRHIQHDIAF
KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) is an alpha/beta-hydrolase required for plant responses to karrikins, which are abiotic butenolides that can influence seed germination and seedling growth. Although represented by four angiosperm species, loss-of-function kai2 mutants are phenotypically inconsistent and incompletely characterised, resulting in uncertainties about the core functions of KAI2 in plant development. Here we characterised the developmental functions of KAI2 in the grass Brachypodium distachyon using molecular, physiological, and biochemical approaches. Bdkai2 mutants exhibit increased internode elongation and reduced leaf chlorophyll levels, but only a modest increase in water loss from detached leaves. Bdkai2 shows increased numbers of lateral roots and reduced root hair growth, and fails to support normal root colonisation by arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The karrikins KAR(1) and KAR(2) , and the strigolactone analogue rac-GR24, each elicit overlapping but distinct changes to the shoot transcriptome via BdKAI2. Finally, we show that BdKAI2 exhibits a clear ligand preference for desmethyl butenolides and weak responses to methyl-substituted strigolactone analogues such as GR24. Our findings suggest that KAI2 has multiple roles in shoot development, root system development, and transcriptional regulation in grasses. Although KAI2-dependent AM symbiosis is likely conserved within monocots, the magnitude of the effect of KAI2 on water relations may vary across angiosperms.
