(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Panarthropoda: NE > Arthropoda: NE > Mandibulata: NE > Pancrustacea: NE > Hexapoda: NE > Insecta: NE > Dicondylia: NE > Pterygota: NE > Neoptera: NE > Holometabola: NE > Diptera: NE > Nematocera: NE > Culicomorpha: NE > Culicoidea: NE > Culicidae: NE > Culicinae: NE > Culicini: NE > Culex [genus]: NE > Culex [subgenus]: NE > Culex pipiens complex: NE > Culex quinquefasciatus: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MSSISMVVGAVLLLCSAVISPVYGIFDRLVVQTSSGPIRGRSTMVQGREV HVFNGVPFAKPPVDGLRFQKPVPAEPWHGVLDATRLPPSCIQERYEYFPG FAGEEMWNPNTNVSEDCLYLNIWVPTKTRLRHGRGLNFGNNDYFQDDEDF QRQHQSKGGLAMLVWIYGGGFMSGTSTLDVYNAEILAAVGNVIVASMQYR VGAFGFFYLSPYLNGREEEAPGNVGLWDQALAIRWLKENAKAFGGDPDLI TLFGESAGGSSVSLHLLSPATRGLSHRGILQSGTLNAPWSHMTAEKALSV AESLIDDCNCNVTLLKDSPGSVMHCMRNVDAKTISVQQWNSYSGILGFPS APTIDGVFMTADPMTMLREANLEGIDILVGSNRDEGTYFLLYDFIDYFEK DAATSLPRDKFLEIMNTIFSKASEPEREAIIFQYTGWESGNDGYQNQQQV GRAVGDHFFICPTNEFALGLTEQGASVHYYYFTHRTSTSLWGEWMGVLHG DEVEYIFGQPMNATLQYRQRERDLSRRMVLSVSEFARSGNPALEGEHWPL YTKENPIYFIFNAEGEDDLRGEKYGRGPMATSCAFWNDFLPRLRAWSIPP KSSCNLLEPTSGAPVRYVDIKVLTVLTVLIVLRLF
References
Title: Overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes in pyrethroid-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Komagata O, Kasai S, Tomita T Ref: Insect Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 40:146, 2010 : PubMed
JPal-per strain of Culex quinquefasciatus exhibits extremely high resistance against pyrethroids in larvae, though the resistance is greatly lower in adults. Increased microsome monooxygenase metabolism is one of the major factors of the larval resistance in this strain. We cloned 46 novel cytochrome P450 cDNAs from JPal-per strain. An oligonucleotide microarray was designed for the novel 46 genes plus 16 previously reported P450 genes along with other non-P450 gene probes. Of these, five P450 genes were upregulated (>2.5-fold) in JPal-per larvae as compared with a susceptible strain. The expression ratios for the highest three among the five P450 genes screened in the microarray analysis, CYP9M10, CYP4H34 and CYP6Z10, were further validated by qPCR as 264-, 8.3-, and 3.9-fold, respectively. In JPal-per, the transcription levels of CYP9M10 and CYP4H34 showed a similar stage-dependent pattern as a high expression level during the larvfrom Ogasawara Islands in Japanal stage dramatically decreases in the adult stage. This larval specific overexpression manner of the two genes was consistent with the characteristic of stage-dependent resistance of JPal-per strain previously reported, suggesting that the two P450s, CYP9M10 and CYP4H34, are involved in pyrethroid detoxification in JPal-per strain.
BACKGROUND: Dengue (DEN) is a serious cause of mortality and morbidity in the world including Mexico, where the infection is endemic. One of the states with the highest rate of dengue cases is Oaxaca. The cause of DEN is a positive-sense RNA virus, the dengue virus (DENV) that evolves rapidly increasing its variability due to the absence of a repair mechanism that leads to approximately one mutational event per genome replication; which results in enhancement of viral adaptation, including the escape from host immune responses. Additionally, recombination may play a role in driving the evolution of DENV, which may potentially affect virulence and cause host tropism changes. Recombination in DENV has not been described in Mexican strains, neither has been described the relevance in virus evolution in an endemic state such as Oaxaca where the four serotypes of DENV are circulating. RESULTS: To study whether there are isolates from Oaxaca having recombination, we obtained the sequence of 6 different isolates of DENV-2 Asian/American genotype from the outbreak 2005-6, one clone of the C(91)-prM-E-NS1(2400) structural genes, and 10 clones of the E gene from the isolate MEX_OAX_1656_05. Evidence of recombination was found by using different methods along with two softwares: RDP3 and GARD. The Oaxaca MEX_OAX_1656_05 and MEX_OAX_1038_05 isolates sequenced in this study were recombinant viruses that incorporate the genome sequence from the Cosmopolitan genotype. Furthermore, the clone of the E gene namely MEX_OAX_165607_05 from this study was also recombinant, incorporating genome sequence from the American genotype. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of recombination in DENV-2 in Mexico. Given such a recombinant activity new genomic combinations were produced, this could play a significant role in the DENV evolution and must be considered as a potentially important mechanism generating genetic variation in this virus with serious implications for the vaccines and drugs formulation as occurs for other viruses like poliovirus, influenza and HIV.
Culex quinquefasciatus (Southern house mosquito) C. pipiens, C. pipiens pipiens (Northern house mosquito) (C. pungens) CqestBeta1 CqestB1 Esterase B1, esterase b2 esterase b8 esterase b10 esterase b11