Gene_locus Report for: drome-aes02 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE2),CG2505 gh15053p
Comment
Nucleotide sequence of the Celera sequence differs from the published sequence for this transcript GH15053p CG2505-PA Relationship
(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) cellular organisms: N E > Eukaryota: N E > Opisthokonta: N E > Metazoa: N E > Eumetazoa: N E > Bilateria: N E > Protostomia: N E > Ecdysozoa: N E > Panarthropoda: N E > Arthropoda: N E > Mandibulata: N E > Pancrustacea: N E > Hexapoda: N E > Insecta: N E > Dicondylia: N E > Pterygota: N E > Neoptera: N E > Holometabola: N E > Diptera: N E > Brachycera: N E > Muscomorpha: N E > Eremoneura: N E > Cyclorrhapha: N E > Schizophora: N E > Acalyptratae: N E > Ephydroidea: N E > Drosophilidae: N E > Drosophilinae: N E > Drosophilini: N E > Drosophila [fruit fly, genus]: N E > Sophophora: N E > melanogaster group: N E > melanogaster subgroup: N E > Drosophila melanogaster: N E 6_AlphaBeta_hydrolase :
drome-CG14717 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg14717 protein .
A85-EsteraseD-FGH :
drome-CG4390 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg4390 protein .
ABHD11-Acetyl_transferase :
drome-CG2059 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2059 protein .
ABHD12-PHARC :
drome-CG15111 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg15111 protein re26090p .
ABHD13-BEM46 :
drome-BEM46 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); Drosophila ficusphila bem46 CG18642 protein .
ABHD16 :
drome-CG1309 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg1309 protein (gh07444p) .
ABHD17-depalmitoylase :
drome-CG11935 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11935 protein or CG33096 .
ABHD18 :
drome-CG10982 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) rh36554p CG32112, isoform A isoform B isoform C .
abh_upf0017 :
drome-abhd2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3488 Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2, Hydr2,anon-23D, anon-23Da ,
drome-CG8058 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg8058 protein gm08242p .
ACHE :
drome-ACHE .
Acidic_Lipase :
drome-CG2772 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2772 protein ,
drome-CG5932 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5932 protein ,
drome-CG6113 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg6113 protein Lip4 (dLip4, dlip4, DmelCG6113, lip4) ,
drome-CG6753 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) rh07667p cg6753 protein ,
drome-CG7329 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg7329 protein ,
drome-CG8093 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg8093 protein ,
drome-CG11406 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11406 lp23252p protein ,
drome-CG11598 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) male accessory gland protein. cg11598 protein ,
drome-CG11600 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11600 protein ,
drome-CG11608 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11608 protein ,
drome-CG17097 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) male accessory gland protein. cg17097 ip15216p protein ,
drome-CG17099 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17099 protein ,
drome-CG17101 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17101 protein ,
drome-CG18284 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) GH10507p cg18284 protein ,
drome-CG18301 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18301 protein ,
drome-CG18302 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18302 protein ,
drome-CG18530 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg12294 protein ,
drome-CG31089 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg31089 protein ,
drome-CG31091 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg31089 protein ,
drome-lip1 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lipase 1. LIP1 ,
drome-LIP2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17116 protein ,
drome-lip3 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lipase 3. LIP3 .
Carboxypeptidase_S10 :
drome-CG3344 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3344 protein ,
drome-CG4572 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg4572 protein ,
drome-CG32483 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lp20617p cg32483-pa ,
drome-Q9VJN0 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bg:ds00365.3 protein ,
drome-Q8IP31 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bg:ds00365.3 protein .
Carb_B_Arthropoda :
drome-aes01 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE1) ,
drome-aes03 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) AT03093p alpha esterase (aE3) ,
drome-aes04 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE4) ,
drome-aes05 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh12017p alpha esterase (aE5) CG1089-PA GH12017p ,
drome-aes06 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE6) gene GH20431p CG1108 ,
drome-aes08 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE8) gene, partial cds ,
drome-aes09 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE9) gene cdna GH04929 CG1128 ,
drome-aes10 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE10) gene, partial cds ,
drome-CG3841 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3841 AT14896p carboxylesterase homologous to este4 contigous to CG4382 ,
drome-CG6018 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6018 carboxylesterase homologous to aes01 ,
drome-CG6414 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6414 gene for a carboxylesterase ,
drome-CG7529 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG7529 carboxylesterase gene ,
drome-CG9858 Drosophila melanogaster CG9858 clt cricklet. related juvenile hormone esterase ,
drome-CG10175 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG10175 carboxylesterase RE03380p ,
drome-est6p Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene for carboxylesterase P lp12708p ,
drome-EST23aes07 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE7) gene CG1112, partial cds ,
drome-este4 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) esterase este4 CG4757 clone GH05741 BcDNA ,
drome-este6 .
CGI-58_ABHD5_ABHD4 :
drome-CG1882 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Pummelig (Puml) phospholipase .
DPP4N_Peptidase_S9 :
drome-CG3744 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3744 protein ,
drome-CG9059 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg9059 protein ,
drome-CG11034 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11034 protein ,
drome-CG11319 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11319 protein ,
drome-OME Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) putative omega protein (cg9370 protein) lp13067p .
Duf_676 :
drome-CG32333 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg32333 protein .
Duf_829 :
drome-a1z6g9 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8245-RA ,
drome-q7k274 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) LD15586p (CG3082-PA, isoform A) (CG3082-PC, isoform C) CG3082-PD, isoform D (RH35959p) .
Epoxide_hydrolase :
drome-CG15101 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh06241p JHEH1 epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) ,
drome-CG15102 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) JHEH2 epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) ,
drome-CG15106 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) epoxide hydrolase JHEH3 (EC 3.3.2.3) .
FSH1 :
drome-CG5412 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); Drosophila ficusphila cg5412 protein (gh07367p) .
Gliotactin :
drome-glita Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3903 mRNA for gliotactin .
Glutactin :
drome-CG9287 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9287 homologous to glutactin gene ,
drome-CG9289 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9289 homologous to glutactin gene MIP25834p ,
drome-gluta Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) glutactin GLT .
Hormone-sensitive_lipase_like :
drome-CG11055 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld36294p .
Insect_lipase :
drome-CG1986 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4267 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4582 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4979 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG5162 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase rh13728p CG5162 ,
drome-CG5665 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase close to vitellogenine and yolk proteines? ,
drome-CG6271 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6283 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6295 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6296 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6431 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6472 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Lipase domain-containing protein ,
drome-CG6675 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase at29263p ,
drome-CG7367 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) drome-CG7367 gene lipase ,
drome-CG9966 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9966 CG31684 gene lipase ,
drome-CG10116 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene close to Vitellogenine and yolk protein gh07181p ,
drome-CG10163 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg10163 protein ,
drome-CG10357 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG13282 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG13562 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg13562 protein ,
drome-CG14034 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase male accessory gland protein ,
drome-CG17191 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG17192 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG17292 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG18258 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG18641 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase .
Juvenile_hormone_esterase :
drome-CG8424 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8424 gene for a carboxylesterase duplicated gene of juvenile hormone esterase ,
drome-CG8425 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8425 juvenile hormone esterase .
Kynurenine-formamidase :
drome-CG9542 .
LIDHydrolase :
drome-CG9186 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg9186 protein .
Lipase_3 :
drome-CG33174 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11102 CG33174 protein .
LYsophospholipase_carboxylesterase :
drome-CG6567 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg6567 protein ,
drome-CG18815 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18815 protein APT1 .
Ndr_family :
drome-GH02439 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); D. ananassae; D. virilis; Drosophila willistoni; Drosophila yakuba D. pseudoobscura; D. persimilis gh19206p gh02439 ,
drome-MESK2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) D. simulans; D. ficusphila; D. erecta; D. yakuba; D. sechellia; D. ananassae; D.virilis; D. willistoni; D. mojavensis; D. pseudoobscura, misexpression suppressor of ksr cg15668 protein .
Neuroligin :
drome-b6idz4 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) neuroligin 4 (Fruit fly) GH07829p ,
drome-CG13772 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Neuroligin 2 CG13772 Nlg2 dnl2, DNlg2, dnlg2 homologous to neuroligins rh63339p ,
drome-nlg3 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG14597 gene ,
drome-dnlg1 Drosophila melanogaste (Fruit fly) Neuroligin .
Neurotactin :
drome-nrtac Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) mRNA for neurotactin .
NLS3-Tex30 :
drome-CG8233 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld22513p (cg8233-pb) Reduction in Cnn dots 1, isoform ABC, IP01785p1 .
OtherNon-catalytic_C :
drome-CG4382 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG4382 Non-catalytic protein homologous to este4 contigous to CG3841 ,
drome-CG5397 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5397 carboxylesterase may be not active ,
drome-CG10339 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG13564 carboxylesterase without Active Ser ,
drome-CG12869 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG12869 gene for a carboxylesterase may be inactive .
Palmitoyl-protein_thioesterase :
drome-CG4851 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh17076p cg4851 protein PPT2 ,
drome-CG12108 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg12108 protein re03479p PPT1 .
Pancreatic_lipase :
drome-CG5966 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5966 gene lipase ,
drome-CG6847 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6847 gene lipase rh14406p .
PC-sterol_acyltransferase :
drome-GH02384 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bcdna.gh02384 CG31683 CG18858 .
Pectinacetylesterase-Notum :
drome-q9vux3 .
PGAP1 :
drome-CG3160 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3160 sd04405p protein .
PPase_methylesterase_euk :
drome-CG5068 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) .
Prolylcarboxypeptidase :
drome-CG2493 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2493 IP19978p protein ,
drome-CG3734 Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans (Fruit fly) re36938p cg3734 protein ,
drome-CG3739 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3739 protein ,
drome-CG9953 Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila sechellia (Fruit fly) cg9953 protein rh04336p ,
drome-CG11626 Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila sechellia Drosophila simulans Drosophila yakuba Drosophila erecta (Fruit fly) cg11626 protein ,
drome-CG18493 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) re11624p cg18493-pa .
S9N_PPCE_Peptidase_S9 :
drome-CG2528 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2528 protein ,
drome-CG5355 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5355 protein .
SERHL :
drome-CG5707 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5707 protein ,
drome-CG5704 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5704 protein ,
drome-CG7632 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg7632 protein (sd17025p) ,
drome-CG11309 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11309 protein GH24315p ,
drome-CG15820 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) sd08776p cg15820 protein ,
drome-CG15821 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CR15821 pseudogene! ip09622p ,
drome-CG15879 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg15879 protein ,
drome-KRAKEN Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) probable serine hydrolase (EC 3.1.-.-) (kraken protein) .
Thioesterase :
drome-CG3523 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)CG3523 bcdna:gh07626 protein ,
drome-CG3524 Drosophila melanogaster V(2)K05816(Fruit fly) cg3524 protein only C-term domain ,
drome-CG17374 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld12605p cg17374-pa.3 .
Valacyclovir-hydrolase :
drome-CG5377 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5377 protein .
Yolk-Protein_dipter :
drome-1vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin I Precursor (yolk protein) YP1 ,
drome-2vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin II precursor (yolk protein). YP2 ,
drome-3vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin III precursor Molecular evidence
Database
No mutation No structure No kinetic No Substrate 1 inhbitor :
NBD-HE-HP
> 3 Genbank links5 more : U51044 , AE003671 , AY051497 < 8 Genbank links5 less : U51044 , AE003671 , AY051497 , AAF54003 , AAK92921 , NP_524268 , NM_079544 , 28571561 1 Ncbi-nid :
1272301 3 Ncbi-pid :
7298794 ,
28381148 ,
15291305 2 UniProt :
Q24195 ,
Q961N0 2 Interpro :
Q24195 ,
Q961N0 2 Pfam :
Q24195 ,
Q961N0 2 PIRSF :
Q24195 ,
Q961N0 2 SUPERFAM :
Q24195 ,
Q961N0 1 FlyBase :
0015570
Sequence
Graphical view for this peptide sequence: drome-aes02 Colored MSA for Carb_B_Arthropoda (raw)
MGAQLVGHKVQQYRLSTGHTVILDTKYGQVRGLQRKTVYDKEPYFAFEGI
PYAKPPVGDLRFRAPQPPEPWQGVLNCTTNRSKPMQRNMLLGIVEGSEDC
LHLNVYVKALKSEKPLPVIVWIYGGGFQKGEASRDIYSPDYFMKKPVVFV
AINYRLAALGFLSLKDPKLDVPGNAGLKDQVMALRWISQNIAQFNGDPNN
ITLMGESAGSASVHVMMTTEQTRGLFHKAIMQSGCALSEWVESPDNNWAF
RLAQNLGYMGDEKDADVLSFLSKVSARQIAAIDQDVINLDEVRSFLLFAF
GPVIEPYETDHCVWPKRPKDLLSEAWGNDIPVIVGGNSFEGLFSYQLVRK
DPWALKNFHNILPREVRETSSLEGQDLLVRRLKQLYFNNEMQESMEMFEA
LNIFSHRQIWHDTHRFILARQSYAPKTPTYLYRFDFDSPHFNQXRRLVCG
DRIRGVAHADELSYLFYNIIASKLDKSSMEYKTIERMVGMWTSFASSGNP
NCPELGSAKWEAVQLKENAVEKCFNISHDLEMRDLPESDCLAVWDTFYPR
ESLF
Legend
This sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA
M G A Q L V G H K V Q Q Y R L S T G H T V I L D T K Y G Q V R G L Q R K T V Y D K E P Y F A F E G I P Y A K P P V G D L R F R A P Q P P E P W Q G V L N C T T N R S K P M Q R N M L L G I V E G S E D C L H L N V Y V K A L K S E K P L P V I V W I Y G G G F Q K G E A S R D I Y S P D Y F M K K P V V F V A I N Y R L A A L G F L S L K D P K L D V P G N A G L K D Q V M A L R W I S Q N I A Q F N G D P N N I T L M G E S A G S A S V H V M M T T E Q T R G L F H K A I M Q S G C A L S E W V E S P D N N W A F R L A Q N L G Y M G D E K D A D V L S F L S K V S A R Q I A A I D Q D V I N L D E V R S F L L F A F G P V I E P Y E T D H C V W P K R P K D L L S E A W G N D I P V I V G G N S F E G L F S Y Q L V R K D P W A L K N F H N I L P R E V R E T S S L E G Q D L L V R R L K Q L Y F N N E M Q E S M E M F E A L N I F S H R Q I W H D T H R F I L A R Q S Y A P K T P T Y L Y R F D F D S P H F N Q X R R L V C G D R I R G V A H A D E L S Y L F Y N I I A S K L D K S S M E Y K T I E R M V G M W T S F A S S G N P N C P E L G S A K W E A V Q L K E N A V E K C F N I S H D L E M R D L P E S D C L A V W D T F Y P R E S L F
References
Title: Functional fat body proteomics and gene targeting reveal in vivo functions of Drosophila melanogaster a-Esterase-7Birner-Gruenberger R , Bickmeyer I , Lange J , Hehlert P , Hermetter A , Kollroser M , Rechberger GN , Kuhnlein RP Ref: Insect Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 42 :220, 2012 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Birner-Gruenberger_2012_Insect.Biochem.Mol.Biol_42_220 PubMedSearch: Birner-Gruenberger 2012 Insect.Biochem.Mol.Biol 42 220 PubMedID: 22198472 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-aes02 ,
drome-aes05 ,
drome-CG1882 ,
drome-CG2059 ,
drome-CG5355 ,
drome-CG8425 ,
drome-CG18815 ,
drome-EST23aes07 ,
drome-este6 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: NBD-HE-HP Abstract
Carboxylesterases constitute a large enzyme family in insects, which is involved in diverse functions such as xenobiotic detoxification, lipid metabolism and reproduction. Phylogenetically, many insect carboxylesterases are represented by multienzyme clades, which are encoded by evolutionarily ancient gene clusters such as the a-Esterase cluster. Much in contrast to the vital importance attributed to carboxylesterases in general, the in vivo function of individual a-Esterase genes is largely unknown. This study employs a functional proteomics approach to identify esterolytic enzymes of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster fat body. One of the fat body carboxylesterases, a-Esterase-7, was selected for mutational analysis by gene targeting to generate a deletion mutant fly. Phenotypic characterization of a-Esterase-7 null mutants and transgenic flies, which overexpress a chimeric a-Esterase-7:EGFP gene, reveals important functions of a-Esterase-7 in insecticide tolerance, lipid metabolism and lifespan control. The presented first deletion mutant of any a-Esterase in the model insect D. melanogaster generated by gene targeting not only provides experimental evidence for the endogenous functions of this gene family. It also offers an entry point for in vivo structure-function analyses of a-Esterase-7, which is of central importance for naturally occurring insecticide resistance in wild populations of various dipteran insect species.
Title: Duplication and divergence of the genes of the alpha-esterase cluster of Drosophila melanogasterRobin C , Russell RJ , Medveczky KM , Oakeshott JG Ref: Journal of Molecular Evolution, 43 :241, 1996 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Robin_1996_J.Mol.Evol_43_241 PubMedSearch: Robin 1996 J.Mol.Evol 43 241 PubMedID: 8703090 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-aes01 ,
drome-aes02 ,
drome-aes03 ,
drome-aes04 ,
drome-aes05 ,
drome-aes06 ,
drome-aes08 ,
drome-aes09 ,
drome-aes10 ,
drome-EST23aes07 Abstract
The alpha-esterase cluster of D. melanogaster contains 11 esterase genes dispersed over 60 kb. Embedded in the cluster are two unrelated open reading frames that have sequence similarity with genes encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and tropomyosin. The esterase amino acid sequences show 37-66% identity with one another and all but one have all the motifs characteristic of functional members of the carboxyl/cholinesterase multigene family. The exception has several frameshift mutations and appears to be a pseudogene. Patterns of amino acid differences among cluster members in relation to generic models of carboxyl/cholinesterase protein structure are broadly similar to those among other carboxyl/cholinesterases sequenced to date. However the alpha-esterases differ from most other members of the family in: their lack of a signal peptide; the lack of conservation in cysteines involved in disulfide bridges; and in four indels, two of which occur in or adjacent to regions that align with proposed substrate-binding sites of other carboxyl/cholinesterases. Phylogenetic analyses clearly identify three simple gene duplication events within the cluster. The most recent event involved the pseudogene which is located in an intron of another esterase gene. However, relative rate tests suggest that the pseudogene remained functional after the duplication event and has become inactive relatively recently. The distribution of indels also suggests a deeper node in the gene phylogeny that separates six genes at the two ends of the cluster from a block of five in the middle.
Other Papers
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) acetylcholinesterase H subunit