(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Lophotrochozoa: NE > Mollusca: NE > Bivalvia: NE > Pteriomorphia: NE > Pectinoida: NE > Pectinoidea: NE > Pectinidae: NE > Mizuhopecten: NE > Mizuhopecten yessoensis: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MNILLFFHVSFTFLFSFCTCGNQNPIRRTKYGRVRGFTETVYDGKKVEKY LGIPYAKPPIGELRFMPPVVPKTWHEGTLNAIELGPACPQHSGGLAYIEL HVPGFNKTSEDCLYLNVYTPKKGHHFAHPLPVLVFIHGGSYYTGMGAIFD GSALAAQDIVVVSINYRIGALGFLATGDADLPGNYGMLDIIAALQWTRDN IAYFHGDPDLVTIDGHSAGGSSAGLVMMSPLAKGLFRRVILQSGSPLAHW AVTRYPGGQSVHFKVFASAFDCLFEDSAQIKKCLQAVPSKRMHAFIGQNH DASPSLSPQFRPVVDGYFMPDTPERMAVSGDFEVESVLTGATKDEGLIAA IPFINAFGGQGQGRAKLLTLMYCFRGDLPEIPGIVDTLLEHYTQWPYITS DSSIKDSFSEMVGDYYITAPTHRIASRLSQRNTTVYLYNYEYKSVYALWD GVVHGAELFYLSGFPMSGHVNFRYSESDRKMSETLLYLWSSFARNGLPSL IPHKQFYIDRYTPSRPVFARITAGNQRPHIEMDIKLKPDKISFWNEKVPE LYRQRYANRLVAKGDVMSRDYVISSANSWALIASCIGLSVLTILFSIGYC KSRRRIKKILQHNGVPMSNRII
References
Title: Identification, characterization and expression analyses of cholinesterases genes in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) reveal molecular function allocation in responses to ocean acidification Xing Q, Liao H, Peng C, Zheng G, Yang Z, Wang J, Lu W, Huang X, Bao Z Ref: Aquat Toxicol, 231:105736, 2020 : PubMed
Cholinesterases are key enzymes in central and peripheral cholinergic nerve system functioning on nerve impulse transmission in animals. Though cholinesterases have been identified in most vertebrates, the knowledge about the variable numbers and multiple functions of the genes is still quite meagre in invertebrates, especially in scallops. In this study, the complete cholinesterase (ChE) family members have been systematically characterized in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) via whole-genome scanning through in silico analysis. Ten ChE family members in the genome of Yesso scallop (designated PyChEs) were identified and potentially acted to be the largest number of ChE in the reported species to date. Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were performed to determine the identities and evolutionary relationships of these genes. The expression profiles of PyChEs were determined in all developmental stages, in healthy adult tissues, and in mantles under low pH stress (pH 6.5 and 7.5). Spatiotemporal expression suggested the ubiquitous functional roles of PyChEs in all stages of development, as well as general and tissue-specific functions in scallop tissues. Regulation expressions revealed diverse up- and down-regulated expression patterns at most time points, suggesting different functional specialization of gene superfamily members in response to ocean acidification (OA). Evidences in gene number, phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns of PyChEs revealed that functional innovations and differentiations after gene duplication may result in altered functional constraints among PyChEs gene clusters. Collectively, our results provide the potential clues that the selection pressures coming from the environment were the potential inducement leading to function allocation of ChE family members in scallop.
Reconstructing the genomes of bilaterian ancestors is central to our understanding of animal evolution, where knowledge from ancient and/or slow-evolving bilaterian lineages is critical. Here we report a high-quality, chromosome-anchored reference genome for the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, a bivalve mollusc that has a slow-evolving genome with many ancestral features. Chromosome-based macrosynteny analysis reveals a striking correspondence between the 19 scallop chromosomes and the 17 presumed ancestral bilaterian linkage groups at a level of conservation previously unseen, suggesting that the scallop may have a karyotype close to that of the bilaterian ancestor. Scallop Hox gene expression follows a new mode of subcluster temporal co-linearity that is possibly ancestral and may provide great potential in supporting diverse bilaterian body plans. Transcriptome analysis of scallop mantle eyes finds unexpected diversity in phototransduction cascades and a potentially ancient Pax2/5/8-dependent pathway for noncephalic eyes. The outstanding preservation of ancestral karyotype and developmental control makes the scallop genome a valuable resource for understanding early bilaterian evolution and biology.
