(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Viridiplantae: NE > Streptophyta: NE > Streptophytina: NE > Embryophyta: NE > Tracheophyta: NE > Euphyllophyta: NE > Spermatophyta: NE > Magnoliophyta: NE > Mesangiospermae: NE > eudicotyledons: NE > Gunneridae: NE > Pentapetalae: NE > rosids: NE > fabids: NE > Fabales: NE > Fabaceae: NE > Papilionoideae: NE > Phaseoleae: NE > Vigna: NE > Vigna angularis: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MEKRGELIEKAYGGSLRAHKSPDRPYLIEKISRNDPSEVIISFSGSGAVK DWYSQRNFGETKIDLSLFPSLRSIGSDEPALVNETFLKRFHGIISLARPS LADEVEKAMGKKKQIVFAGHSSGGPMAILATLWTLEKYQAPHSRGGIPPL CVTFGSPLIGNHIFSHATRREDWSRYFVHYVMRYDIVPRILFAPLSSLDQ SFEEISQSFNPRSRYFLSESVGRSSSILDFYFTIMSNAAIVTSHDASKLM CITDTTLETLEIFIPLSPYRPFGTYIFCTGNGNLGKKIAITNPNAVLQVL FFSAQLSTEAEEAQVAYRSLKEHAIYGTELQQIAAQNFVHLDQQQLQKLP LSEDDAGGSNDLGLSPRARLCLRAAAELEERKCENEKKLKEKRSFIEKKL TKELGEYREMWAHQRVGFYDGFREHKKAEDFKANVTRLEIAGVWDEIIEK LRNHELPDEFEANEEWVDLGTRCRKVVEPLDIANYYRHGRHYEDDASSYM VKGRPKRYRYPQRWLEHAKRRPREAISTSCFWAEVEQLRYKTSNGDVSDR DVEERVVRLVGQIEEWSKKEELDKDVFLEGSTFVKWWRTLHPRYKNQPYI TSLIRE
Second-generation sequencers (SGS) have been game-changing, achieving cost-effective whole genome sequencing in many non-model organisms. However, a large portion of the genomes still remains unassembled. We reconstructed azuki bean (Vigna angularis) genome using single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology and achieved the best contiguity and coverage among currently assembled legume crops. The SMRT-based assembly produced 100 times longer contigs with 100 times smaller amount of gaps compared to the SGS-based assemblies. A detailed comparison between the assemblies revealed that the SMRT-based assembly enabled a more comprehensive gene annotation than the SGS-based assemblies where thousands of genes were missing or fragmented. A chromosome-scale assembly was generated based on the high-density genetic map, covering 86% of the azuki bean genome. We demonstrated that SMRT technology, though still needed support of SGS data, achieved a near-complete assembly of a eukaryotic genome.
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), an important legume crop, is grown in more than 30 countries of the world. The seed of adzuki bean, as an important source of starch, digestible protein, mineral elements, and vitamins, is widely used foods for at least a billion people. Here, we generated a high-quality draft genome sequence of adzuki bean by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled contig sequences reached to 450 Mb (83% of the genome) with an N50 of 38 kb, and the total scaffold sequences were 466.7 Mb with an N50 of 1.29 Mb. Of them, 372.9 Mb of scaffold sequences were assigned to the 11 chromosomes of adzuki bean by using a single nucleotide polymorphism genetic map. A total of 34,183 protein-coding genes were predicted. Functional analysis revealed that significant differences in starch and fat content between adzuki bean and soybean were likely due to transcriptional abundance, rather than copy number variations, of the genes related to starch and oil synthesis. We detected strong selection signals in domestication by the population analysis of 50 accessions including 11 wild, 11 semiwild, 17 landraces, and 11 improved varieties. In addition, the semiwild accessions were illuminated to have a closer relationship to the cultigen accessions than the wild type, suggesting that the semiwild adzuki bean might be a preliminary landrace and play some roles in the adzuki bean domestication. The genome sequence of adzuki bean will facilitate the identification of agronomically important genes and accelerate the improvement of adzuki bean.
