(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Panarthropoda: NE > Arthropoda: NE > Mandibulata: NE > Pancrustacea: NE > Hexapoda: NE > Insecta: NE > Dicondylia: NE > Pterygota: NE > Neoptera: NE > Holometabola: NE > Amphiesmenoptera: NE > Lepidoptera: NE > Glossata: NE > Neolepidoptera: NE > Heteroneura: NE > Ditrysia: NE > Yponomeutoidea: NE > Plutellidae: NE > Plutella: NE > Plutella xylostella: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MVVVNVTEGSLEGELLDNVIGGRYYSFKGIPYAAPPVGDLRFKPPQPPKP WTGVKNAREHGPICHQWDMLLKTMKPGSEDCLYLNVYTKQLQPSKPLPVM VWIHGGAFASGSGNTDQYGPDFLVDKDVVIVTINYRLEVLGFLCLDMEEA AGNAGMKDQVAALRWVKKNINKFGGDPDNITIFGESAGSASVSFHLVSPM SKGLFKRAILQSGVSNASWATVQEHKEKARALARQLGKENTDDDRELLEF FKSQPIDVLVNTKPKITFFENESPWVQLHYSIVSETQFGENETFFTGKGT DVLSNGIHEGVEIMIGHTADEALMFLNYNSPLEEIVNKVNNYLESLVPSS LKWHVPISKQLEIARKFKDYYYGKSRVTVENLGPLVRFLSMDMFNYPIFQ LARACAGNKSKVFYYQFHYYTERNAFGVLMNTQGILPGKNAVIHAEDLFY LFNFNMLNIPFDNSKTAIDTVTKLWTNFAKYGNPTPDDSLGAKWAPFTIE KQEYLEINDKLVLKTFPDNEENKFWDNNVSIYQQLLAC
BACKGROUND: Carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) are thought to play a pivotal role in the degradation of sex pheromones and plant-derived odorants in insect, but their exact biochemistry and physiological functions remain unclear. RESULTS: In this study, two paralogous antennae-enriched CCEs from Plutella xylostella (PxylCCE16a and 16c) were identified and functionally characterized. High-purity protein preparations of active recombinant PxylCCE16a and 16c have been obtained from Sf9 insect cells by Ni(2+) affinity purification. Our results revealed that the purified recombinant PxylCCE016c is able to degrade two sex pheromone components Z9-14: Ac and Z11-16: Ac at 27.64 +/- 0.79% and 24.40 +/- 3.07% respectively, while PxylCCE016a presented relatively lower activity. Additionally, a similar difference in activity was measured in plant-derived odorants. Furthermore, both CCEs displayed obvious preferences for the two sex pheromone components, especially on Z11-16: Ac (K(m) values in the range of 7.82-45.06 microM) than plant odorants (K(m) values are in the range of 1290-4030 microM). Furthermore, the activity of the two newly identified CCEs is pH-dependent. The activity at pH 6.5 is obviously higher than at pH 5.0. Interestingly, only PxylCCE016c can be inhibited by a common esterase inhibitor triphenyl phosphate (TPP) with LC(50) of 1570 +/- 520 microM. CONCLUSION: PxylCCE16c played a more essential role on odorant degradation than PxylCCE16a. Moreover, the current study provides novel potential pesticide targets for the notorious moth Plutella xylostella. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Title: A reference gene set for sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, based on genome and transcriptome digital gene expression analyses He P, Zhang YF, Hong DY, Wang J, Wang XL, Zuo LH, Tang XF, Xu WM, He M Ref: BMC Genomics, 18:219, 2017 : PubMed
BACKGROUND: Female moths synthesize species-specific sex pheromone components and release them to attract male moths, which depend on precise sex pheromone chemosensory system to locate females. Two types of genes involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation pathways play essential roles in this important moth behavior. To understand the function of genes in the sex pheromone pathway, this study investigated the genome-wide and digital gene expression of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes in various adult tissues in the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which is a notorious vegetable pest worldwide. RESULTS: A massive transcriptome data (at least 39.04 Gb) was generated by sequencing 6 adult tissues including male antennae, female antennae, heads, legs, abdomen and female pheromone glands from DBM by using Illumina 4000 next-generation sequencing and mapping to a published DBM genome. Bioinformatics analysis yielded a total of 89,332 unigenes among which 87 transcripts were putatively related to seven gene families in the sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway. Among these, seven [two desaturases (DES), three fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) one acetyltransferase (ACT) and one alcohol dehydrogenase (AD)] were mainly expressed in the pheromone glands with likely function in the three essential sex pheromone biosynthesis steps: desaturation, reduction, and esterification. We also identified 210 odorant-degradation related genes (including sex pheromone-degradation related genes) from seven major enzyme groups. Among these genes, 100 genes are new identified and two aldehyde oxidases (AOXs), one aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), five carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs), five UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) and three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) displayed more robust expression in the antennae, and thus are proposed to participate in the degradation of sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. CONCLUSIONS: To date, this is the most comprehensive gene data set of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation enzyme related genes in DBM created by genome- and transcriptome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling. Our findings provide a basis to better understand the function of genes with tissue enriched expression. The results also provide information on the genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation, and may be useful to identify potential gene targets for pest control strategies by disrupting the insect-insect communication using pheromone-based behavioral antagonists.
