(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Euglenozoa: NE > Kinetoplastida: NE > Trypanosomatidae: NE > Trypanosoma: NE > Schizotrypanum: NE > Trypanosoma cruzi: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MAALYPWVPASNVAYTLCRYFLNRFAPHARNICPLPFLDGPLPDEVPESF LLWGERTQSDPFKYMEDLFDRRTQSYVRSEQHHYAFIDSKFDFKHTKARL WAELDSKVVVTSREGGFDKGEERIGEFVYFTRVVPGGDSNAIGFYRKRYG QVDLLAEELINPTSLQQHFGYEKCHVGICRVSEDGRYVAYTLSVEGGDRY ICHVRSIDNASLFHVIRGRNIVSIEFGSGDYFYFTESNDLNRPYTVIMQQ IRPGILPPPVELYREDDEQFFVDVHKTKDNAYIIITSDSKLKSSALVLPA SFPKVSRELQAFFRDGRPVEIAGKENWNWLEHYDGHFIMVVADQGPNHRV VYAREEVVLKHGMRAEWKELVPYRDDVQIVDMDLFQGRIVLYEVHFAFER INHIHIIKCDKGLDDAARQARKDDLVLHFPPLTSVTPGLNKNFNQDSMSF VYSSICQPSRDCVFSFDSKMTAEKSRVCNSESLFTQRQSEQLTPWDYMWP YSIYRDLCLSPDGTQIPITICHRRDAFVQEATDFEAQPNTPKHCLIYVYG SYGEVPSMHFQLAPYMWMLRRRWTVAFAHVRGGGELPNWGEQGKGKNKIN AVHDFIACCEHMIKMGYTKPELMVAAGNSAGCVPIAAAMNMRGCGLFGNA LLRSPFLDIINTMIDPDLPLSLAERDDWGDPLHSAEDYARLTQYDPYLNI NDRVTYPGMMISTCLDDDRVPPWNTLKYVAKLRQQRRRKGTDPVARPLVL RLRSSGGHYCWGDTENICEELSFLCSQLDLEGPGKVLNDMDIMTHMHNLT ATGAMDHDDQEKVFLKWDNWERERIDYHVKLHNFDWEPNFRKLKAEKEPF FWVPNEQEMQQRKVDEMFHARERDKREEAKSEAKVGSTGRAAGGNKWKEK VKK
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, which affects more than 9 million people in Latin America. We have generated a draft genome sequence of the TcI strain Sylvio X10/1 and compared it to the TcVI reference strain CL Brener to identify lineage-specific features. We found virtually no differences in the core gene content of CL Brener and Sylvio X10/1 by presence/absence analysis, but 6 open reading frames from CL Brener were missing in Sylvio X10/1. Several multicopy gene families, including DGF, mucin, MASP and GP63 were found to contain substantially fewer genes in Sylvio X10/1, based on sequence read estimations. 1,861 small insertion-deletion events and 77,349 nucleotide differences, 23% of which were non-synonymous and associated with radical amino acid changes, further distinguish these two genomes. There were 336 genes indicated as under positive selection, 145 unique to T. cruzi in comparison to T. brucei and Leishmania. This study provides a framework for further comparative analyses of two major T. cruzi lineages and also highlights the need for sequencing more strains to understand fully the genomic composition of this parasite.
African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.
Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
