(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Euglenozoa: NE > Kinetoplastida: NE > Trypanosomatidae: NE > Trypanosoma: NE > Schizotrypanum: NE > Trypanosoma cruzi: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MVFALSEFGEHKGHKHTHGGAVAVPFMGLEESHDGAAHYVRLEEGHDGAV ALTKRVVRAFVWLAAVAAVIFAGSMLLFQIASRELIKKNRALSISSVVGN YWLNYERVYPVRDEETERNGEEAAWPYALYRLFCTCERNLASAGKKAPAI TSSKLLVFFIHGNLGAYDEASQLGCVVSRLISVTSEVYTFDFLQQANIHR GKLLQQQAAFVAHTLGLRRWGSESKNITSAMEFQGEEMAKSTDHLEKQDG GTGVWIVGHSMGGVVARLAVEMMRNSGTSIFLEGVITLNTPHRYPPIFMD AAMFRIYTNLWQPSDRDLALKKSWHRAPHFYSLTSGSLDLQVEQWLTNLA GLDENRFPHTMFRTEDPTVCGKSLSHTDIVRDYCVLEFVANIIAKKITGL RHTPIHARNPLASFSGGVTAPLWWANKSVTSHTLPVAALSFYTALVLSAI YPTVFPPMAKQRFISNHRISCFCWGHQVALPRGIPTMGGAVIGSLFIGIC SRIFFVQIRCFFLPCSSICGLPWVADDIACISEARCSHLPSSFVAWLGPA LLGSWVGLLVYYLICGLLRLSLLIWTVLGSCHLYKIHLLRHIRPGVNMWY CFFMLVYPVTAATSTVFLELYQRTIVWLAFILLMMPLRVLVENAAANTPQ PTASADASAPVAVYALLHALNVQPTFAWKNKKLSGTADSNNILDECIRVS EVFLHVLLFTHFLWPIFRSFVLQKSGHLPLLKLSSSRGSFLCMATSVVFI LIYMSLFAMNGLPVEVFRVVWTLLWGFPAFLFVSTVGLDGVLVERFAPTS LRVI
African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.
Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (>1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
