(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Viridiplantae: NE > Streptophyta: NE > Streptophytina: NE > Embryophyta: NE > Tracheophyta: NE > Euphyllophyta: NE > Spermatophyta: NE > Magnoliophyta: NE > Mesangiospermae: NE > eudicotyledons: NE > Gunneridae: NE > Pentapetalae: NE > rosids: NE > rosids incertae sedis: NE > Vitales: NE > Vitaceae: NE > Vitis: NE > Vitis vinifera: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MSFIGEASAYFKVLSDGSIKRVEWESAPASNDSSSNGYKSKDVIINSTKP ISARIFLPDVPGSSGRLPVLVYFHGGGFCLGSTTWFGYHTFLGDFAVASQ SIVLSVDYRHAPENRLPIAYDDCYSSLEWLSCQVSSEPWLERADLSRVFL SGDSAGGNIVHNVALRTIQEQSCDQVKIKGLLLIHPFFGSEERIEKERAG GEAENLALTDWMWKLSLPEGSNRDHYWCNYEMAELSRAEWCRFPPAVVYV AGLDFLKERGVMYAAFLEKNGVEVKLVEAEGEKHVYHMLHPESEATRLLQ KQMSEFIHNF
The analysis of the first plant genomes provided unexpected evidence for genome duplication events in species that had previously been considered as true diploids on the basis of their genetics. These polyploidization events may have had important consequences in plant evolution, in particular for species radiation and adaptation and for the modulation of functional capacities. Here we report a high-quality draft of the genome sequence of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) obtained from a highly homozygous genotype. The draft sequence of the grapevine genome is the fourth one produced so far for flowering plants, the second for a woody species and the first for a fruit crop (cultivated for both fruit and beverage). Grapevine was selected because of its important place in the cultural heritage of humanity beginning during the Neolithic period. Several large expansions of gene families with roles in aromatic features are observed. The grapevine genome has not undergone recent genome duplication, thus enabling the discovery of ancestral traits and features of the genetic organization of flowering plants. This analysis reveals the contribution of three ancestral genomes to the grapevine haploid content. This ancestral arrangement is common to many dicotyledonous plants but is absent from the genome of rice, which is a monocotyledon. Furthermore, we explain the chronology of previously described whole-genome duplication events in the evolution of flowering plants.
Carboxylesterases hydrolyze esters of short-chain fatty acids and have roles in animals ranging from signal transduction to xenobiotic detoxification. In plants, however, little is known of their roles. We have systematically mined the genome from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana for carboxylesterase genes and studied their distribution in the genome and expression profile across a range of tissues. Twenty carboxylesterase genes (AtCXE) were identified. The AtCXE family shares conserved sequence motifs and secondary structure characteristics with carboxylesterases and other members of the larger alpha/beta hydrolase fold superfamily of enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of the AtCXE genes together with other plant carboxylesterases distinguishes seven distinct clades, with an Arabidopsis thaliana gene represented in six of the seven clades. The AtCXE genes are widely distributed across the genome (present in four of five chromosomes), with the exception of three clusters of tandemly duplicated genes. Of the interchromosomal duplication events, two have been mediated through newly identified partial chromosomal duplication events that also include other genes surrounding the AtCXE loci. Eighteen of the 20 AtCXE genes are expressed over a broad range of tissues, while the remaining 2 (unrelated) genes are expressed only in the flowers and siliques. Finally, hypotheses for the functional roles of the AtCXE family members are presented based on the phylogenetic relationships with other plant carboxylesterases of known function, their expression profile, and knowledge of likely esterase substrates found in plants.
Title: Cloning of a grapevine Botrytis-responsive gene that has homology to the tobacco hypersensitivity-related hsr203J Bezier A, Lambert B, Baillieul F Ref: J Exp Bot, 53:2279, 2002 : PubMed
A cDNA encoding a putative HSR203J-like protein (BIG8.1) was obtained from total RNA isolated from Botrytis cinerea-infected grapevine leaves using differential display and RACE techniques. Real time RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the level of mRNA corresponding to BIG8.1 increased in grapevine leaves during the infection progress by B. cinerea. No significant change in mRNA level was observed in leaves after UV exposure. This expression pattern suggests that BIG8.1 could be a HR-specific marker in grapevine like hsr203J in tobacco.
