Search PubMed for references concerning: Germinone-A
Title: Desmethyl type germinone, a specific agonist for the HTL/KAI2 receptor, induces the Arabidopsis seed germination in a gibberellin-independent manner Okabe S, Kitaoka K, Suzuki T, Kuruma M, Hagihara S, Yamaguchi S, Fukui K, Seto Y Ref: Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications, 649:110, 2023 : PubMed
DWARF14 (D14) and HTL/KAI2 (KAI2) are paralogous receptors in the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. D14 is the receptor for a class of plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), and KAI2 is the receptor for the smoke-derived seed germination inducer, Karrikin (KAR), in Arabidopsis. Germinone (Ger) was previously reported as a KAI2 agonist with germination-inducing activity for thermo-inhibited Arabidopsis seed. However, Ger was not specific to KAI2, and could also bind to D14. It was reported that SL analogs with a desmethyl-type D-ring structure are specifically recognized by KAI2. On the basis of this observation, we synthesized a desmethyl-type germinone (dMGer). We found that dMGer is highly specific to KAI2. Moreover, dMGer induced Arabidopsis seed germination more effectively than did Ger. In addition, dMGer induced the seed germination of Arabidopsis in a manner independently of GA, a well-known germination inducer in plants.
Title: Synthetic agonist of HTL/KAI2 shows potent stimulating activity for Arabidopsis seed germination Fukui K, Arai K, Kasahara H, Asami T, Hayashi KI Ref: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Lett, 29:2487, 2019 : PubMed
HTL/KAI2, a member of the alpha/beta-fold hydrolase superfamily, is known to be a receptor-like protein of lactone compounds and that triggers seed germination of Arabidopsis. However, the endogenous ligand and physiological roles of HTL/KAI2 have remained unclear. To understand the mechanism underlying seed germination involved in HTL/KAI2 signaling, it is necessary to identify the endogenous ligand of HTL/KAI2. To date, even a biosynthetic mutant of the ligand has not yet been isolated. Because exogenous agonistic chemicals can only be purchased in small amounts at high prices, the limited supply of those chemicals has hampered any large-scale experiments, such as mutant screening. Therefore, easily synthesized and scalable artificial agonist would remove the limitation of the chemical supply and contribute to the identification of the endogenous ligand of HTL/KAI2 and/or the biosynthetic mutants. In this study, we demonstrated that designed chemicals with a phenoxyfuranone scaffold potently stimulated seed germination via HTL/KAI2 in Arabidopsis. As a result of screening of these chemicals, we selected a representative compound with convincing selectivity. Here in, we provide a new promising synthetic agonist of HTL/KAI2.
