Paper Report for: Costa_2011_Biochem.Pharmacol_81_337
Reference
Title: Pharmacological and dietary modulators of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and expression: the hunt goes on Costa LG, Giordano G, Furlong CE Ref: Biochemical Pharmacology, 81:337, 2011 : PubMed
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme displaying esterase and lactonase activity. PON1 hydrolyzes several organophosphorus (OP) insecticides and nerve agents, a number of exogenous and endogenous lactones, and metabolizes toxic oxidized lipids of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL. As such, PON1 plays a relevant role in determining susceptibility to OP toxicity, cardiovascular diseases and several other diseases. Serum PON1 activity in a given population can vary by at least 40-fold. Most of this variation can be accounted for by genetic polymorphisms in the coding region (Q192R, L55M) and in the promoter region (T-108C). However, exogenous factors may also modulate PON1 activity and/or level of expression. This paper examines various factors that have been found to positively modulate PON1. Certain drugs (e.g. hypolipemic and anti-diabetic compounds), dietary factors (antioxidants, polyphenols), and life-style factors (moderate alcohol consumption) appear to increase PON1 activity. Given the relevance of PON1 in protecting from certain environmental exposure and from cardiovascular and other diseases, there is a need for further mechanistic, animal, and clinical research in this area, and for consideration of possible alternative strategies for increasing the levels and activity of PON1.
        
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Costa LG, Giordano G, Furlong CE (2011) Pharmacological and dietary modulators of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and expression: the hunt goes on Biochemical Pharmacology81: 337-44
Costa LG, Giordano G, Furlong CE (2011) Biochemical Pharmacology81: 337-44