Chlorpyrifos (CPF), one organophosphorus pesticide, can be found in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations of up to several hundred ng/L because of water runoff from treated crops. While some previous studies have shown that low concentrations of CPF may have adverse effects on aquatic species, comparatively little is known about its effect on fish embryos and larvae. To investigate the developmental effects of CPF, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eyed-stage embryos were exposed in semi-static conditions to 0.3 and 3 microg/L of CPF up to the end of the sac-fry stage, 3 weeks at 12 degreesC. Several endpoints were analyzed including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, swimming activity, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and gene expression. At the end of the 3-weeks exposure, larvae exposed to the highest concentration of CPF were less mobile compared to control and the lowest CPF conditions. No significant differences in AChE activity were observed in either set of CPF conditions compared to control, but it was significantly reduced for larvae exposed to 3 microg/L compared to those exposed to 0.3 microg/L of CPF. Expression of genes that encoded estrogen receptor (ERbeta) was down-regulated for larvae exposed to both CPF concentrations. Cyp19a1 expression was also significantly repressed but only on larvae exposed to the highest concentration of CPF. Our results indicated that sub-chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of CPF could lead to sub-lethal effects on early life sages of rainbow trout, especially effects on swimming activity that could affect foraging activity and escaping from predator. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
        
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Santos SW, Gonzalez P, Cormier B, Mazzella N, Moreira A, Clerandeau C, Morin B, Cachot J (2021) Sub-Chronic Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos Affect Swimming Activity of Rainbow Trout Larvae Environ Toxicol Chem
Santos SW, Gonzalez P, Cormier B, Mazzella N, Moreira A, Clerandeau C, Morin B, Cachot J (2021) Environ Toxicol Chem