Agnaou_2024_Environ.Pollut_363_125215

This research investigates the effects of environmental interventions on pollution levels along the Anza coast of Morocco from 2010 to 2022 through the analysis of biomarkers in Perna perna. Historically, the Anza area has been highly polluted compared to the nearby Cap Ghir coast. Following the relocation of a cement factory and the establishment of wastewater treatment facilities, notable environmental improvements were noted in Anza. Pollution biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed to assess these changes. The findings indicated an increase in catalase and AChE levels at Anza, suggesting reduced contamination, while GST activity declined, indicating lower exposure to pollutants. In contrast, Cap Ghir showed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers, suggesting worsening environmental conditions. The Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index demonstrated a significant reduction in pollution levels in Anza, with a corresponding increase at Cap Ghir. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) supported these outcomes, revealing a positive correlation between catalase activity and reduced oxidative stress at Anza, whereas Cap Ghir showed elevated oxidative stress markers linked to variations in temperature and salinity. These results underscore the effectiveness of the interventions in enhancing marine health at Anza and highlight the necessity for protective actions at Cap Ghir. This study emphasizes the importance of biomonitoring in shaping environmental policies for coastal areas of Agadir city.