Avci_2025_Chem.Biodivers__e01269

Oleic acid (OA) is the primary monounsaturated free fatty acid that is crucial in animal nutrition, but excessive amounts can cause cell damage. Hispidulin (HIS) is a flavone present in several plants that has diverse pharmacological actions such as anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antifungal characteristics. During the investigation, 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The normal control group, OA group, and HIS+OA group of ten rats each were formed randomly. After OA and HIS application, rats were sacrificed and some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], glutathione reductase, aldose reductase [AR], sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], acetylcholinesterase [AChE], and glutathione S-transferase [GST]) activity was determined in kidney tissues. The OA group did not have a significant impact on the activities of GST compared to the control group. The activity of AR exhibited a significant decrease in response to OA and HIS+OA groups (*p < 0.05) compared to control. The study found that AChE, BChE, and SDH activity was considerably reduced in the OA group compared to the control group (*p < 0.05). Also, we investigated the molecular mechanism of OA and HIS components with target proteins.