Civas_2026_Nat.Prod.Res__1

Myriophyllum spicatum L. methanolic extract was examined through integrated biochemical, phytochemical, computational analyses. The extract exhibited strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 198.54 microg/mL, demonstrating markedly higher potency than reference inhibitor acarbose (IC(50)= 4738.12 microg/mL), while no inhibitory activity was detected against alpha-amylase under tested conditions. In anticholinesterase assays, extract showed acetylcholinesterase inhibition with an IC(50) value of 9.70 microg/mL, whereas standard inhibitor donepezil exhibited a significantly stronger activity (IC(50)= 0.30 microg/mL). No inhibitory effect was observed against butyrylcholinesterase for the extract, while donepezil displayed potent inhibition (IC(50)= 15.40 microg/mL). Extract showed strong ABTS(+) scavenging activity (85.7% at 40 microg/mL) but weak DPPH() activity (25.6% at 25 microg/mL), suggesting higher affinity for hydrophilic radicals. High total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents correlated with antioxidant potential. LC-MS/MS revealed thirteen phenolics, mainly vanillic acid, gallic acid and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Docking studies supported selective alpha-glucosidase binding of vanillic acid.