Title : The possible role of intravenous lipid emulsion in the treatment of chemical warfare agent poisoning - Eisenkraft_2016_Toxicol.Rep_3_202 |
Author(s) : Eisenkraft A , Falk A |
Ref : Toxicol Rep , 3 :202 , 2016 |
Abstract :
Organophosphates (OPs) are cholinesterase inhibitors that lead to a characteristic toxidrome of hypersecretion, miosis, dyspnea, respiratory insufficiency, convulsions and, without proper and early antidotal treatment, death. Most of these compounds are highly lipophilic. Sulfur mustard is a toxic lipophilic alkylating agent, exerting its damage through alkylation of cellular macromolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins) and intense activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Currently approved antidotes against OPs include the peripheral anticholinergic drug atropine and an oxime that reactivates the inhibited cholinesterase. Benzodiazepines are used to stop organophosphate-induced seizures. Despite these approved drugs, efforts have been made to introduce other medical countermeasures in order to attenuate both the short-term and long-term clinical effects following exposure. Currently, there is no antidote against sulfur mustard poisoning. Intravenous lipid emulsions are used as a source of calories in parenteral nutrition. In recent years, efficacy of lipid emulsions has been shown in the treatment of poisoning by fat-soluble compounds in animal models as well as clinically in humans. In this review we discuss the usefulness of intravenous lipid emulsions as an adjunct to the in-hospital treatment of chemical warfare agent poisoning. |
PubMedSearch : Eisenkraft_2016_Toxicol.Rep_3_202 |
PubMedID: 28959540 |
Eisenkraft A, Falk A (2016)
The possible role of intravenous lipid emulsion in the treatment of chemical warfare agent poisoning
Toxicol Rep
3 :202
Eisenkraft A, Falk A (2016)
Toxicol Rep
3 :202