Gebalski_2025_Int.J.Mol.Sci_26_

Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) has been used in traditional medicine for immune-boosting, stress-reducing, and endurance-enhancing properties. In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of polar and non-polar fractions obtained from 75% methanol E. senticosus roots extract were evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used to assess the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, O(2)(-)) and anti-enzymatic (hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alpha-amylase, and tyrosinase) activities. Metabolic profiling was carried out using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-DAD/ESI-TOF-MS. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC(50) values of 82.73 +/- 0.065 microg/mL (DPPH) and 9.92 +/- 0.17 microg/mL (ABTS). The EtOAc fraction also exhibited strong anti-enzymatic effects against hyaluronidase and alpha-amylase (125.24 +/- 12.29 and 97.34 +/- 9.18 microg/mL, resp.). In turn, the hexane fraction exhibited the most potent anti-AChE activity with IC(50) equal 245.72 +/- 11.82 microg/mL. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of caffeic acid derivatives. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction may have therapeutic relevance in inflammation- and metabolic-related diseases. We perceive the potential of this fraction as a rich source of compounds with an anti-inflammatory activity; however, more advanced research in in vivo model is required.