Ibrahim_2025_Sci.Rep_15_35787

An eco-friendly, sustainable approach for pre-surface modification of various textile substrates using locally produced fungal lipase from Aspergillus niger HANAN-EGY strain, followed by post-functional finishing using vanillin and/or zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as green functional additives, citric acid/sodium hypophosphite (CA, SHP) as ester-crosslinking agent, and the pad-dry-microwave fixation technique was developed. The imparted antibacterial, anti-UV, and aroma fragrance release functional properties, along with the change in %N of wool containing fabrics, loss in weight, as well as the surface roughness, were evaluated. SEM and EDX analyses were also performed on selected finished fabric samples. The data so obtained demonstrated that the extent of pre-surface modification and subsequent multifunctionalization is governed by the lipase dose, type of substrate, as well as kind and concentration of functional additive. The adoption and implementation of the suggested environmentally sound strategy results in the production of green, sustainable, antimicrobial, anti-UV, and fragrance-releasing textiles. On the other hand, the produced fungal lipase could be used to remove oil stains.