Izol_2025_Food.Sci.Nutr_13_e4531

Honeybee pollen is the most important food and protein source for bees. It is a highly nutritious natural product for humans due to its content. Pollen shows different phytochemical content and variable biological activity according to different geography and vegetation. Therefore, in this study, the comprehensive phytochemical content by LC-MS/MS, and its antioxidant properties by different assays, with enzyme inhibition potential; antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antiglaucoma properties, were determined from a pollen sample from Bingol province, one of the significant beekeeping centers in Trkiye. As a result of LC-MS/MS, 15 metabolites were determined, and the highest concentration of quinic acid (1.531 mg analyte/g extract) was found. Antioxidant results: total phenolic content 113.14 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content 64.11 mg QE/g, Fe(3+) reduction 0.43 microg/mL, CUPRAC 0.511 microg/mL, FRAP 0.976 microg/mL, DPPH IC(50): 1.06 microg/mL, ABTS IC(50): 0.933 microg/mL, and DMPD IC(50): 0.598 microg/mL. In addition, pollen showed antiglaucoma, anticholinergic, and antidiabetic properties by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and alpha- amylase enzymes, respectively. In this study, it was determined that Bingol pollen has a comprehensive phytochemical content and antioxidant properties and, for the first time, inhibits hCA II, AChE, and alpha-amylase enzymes.