Kim_2019_Int.J.Mol.Sci_20_

The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of seeds, one of the byproducts of green tea, and evaluate the physiological activity of seed oil. The ameliorating effect of green tea seed oil (GTO) was evaluated on H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cells and amyloid beta (Abeta)1-42-induced ICR mice. GTO showed improvement of cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H(2)O(2)-induced PC12 cells by conducting the 2',3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis. Also, administration of GTO (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) presented protective effects on behavioral and memory dysfunction by conducting Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests in Abeta-induced ICR mice. GTO protected the antioxidant system by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing glutathione (GSH) contents. It significantly regulated the cholinergic system of acetylcholine (ACh) contents, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and AChE expression. Also, mitochondrial function was improved through the reduced production of ROS and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by regulating the Abeta-related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/protein kinase B (Akt) and Akt/apoptosis pathways. This study suggested that GTO may have an ameliorating effect on cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity through various physiological activities.