Kumar_2025_Polymers.(Basel)_17_

In recent years, several plastic-degrading enzymes with efficient depolymerization abilities for PET have been reported. Here, we report a bioprocess for mixed PET waste depolymerization using crude extracellularly expressed enzymes in E. coli. The enzymes, namely FastPETase, LCC, and LCC(ICCG), were screened to depolymerize amorphous PET powder and films of different sizes and crystallinity. FastPETase, LCC, and LCC(ICCG) achieved approximately 25, 34, and 70% depolymerization, respectively, when applied to 13 g L(-1) of PET film, powder, or mixed waste in optimized enzyme conditions without any pH control. The yield of terephthalic acid in the hydrolytic process was maximum for LCC(ICCG) followed by LCC and FastPETase. Finally, extracellular LCC(ICCG)-producing E. coli cells were cultivated using minimal media supplemented with 0.1% ammonium chloride and 1% glycerol as nitrogen and carbon sources in a bioreactor with a final protein content and specific activity of 119 +/- 5 mg L(-1) and 1232 +/- 18 U mg(-1), respectively. Nearly complete depolymerization of 13 g L(-1) PET and 23.8 g L(-1) post-consumer PET was achieved in 50 h using crude LCC(ICCG) supernatant, without enzyme purification, at 62 degreesC. A bioprocess was thus developed to depolymerize 100 g L(-1) mixed PET trays and bottle waste (MW1 and MW2), reaching 78% and 50% yield at 62 degreesC with a crude enzyme loading of 2.32 mg g(-1) PET in 60 h. The results demonstrate an easy PET depolymerization strategy that could be exploited in large-scale facilities for efficient plastic waste treatment.