Ma_2026_Spectrochim.Acta.A.Mol.Biomol.Spectrosc_358_127848

There is a need for sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective methods to detect butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and malachite green (MG) in human serum and aquatic products, respectively. Therefore, a dual-mode fluorescence sensing and smartphone-based colorimetric approach was established to detect BChE and MG using manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO(2) NS) and nitrogen-doped molybdenum oxide quantum dots (N-MoOx QDs). MnO(2) NS catalyses the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to form a yellow fluorescence product, oxOPD, which quenches the blue fluorescence of N-MoOx QDs. The presence of BChE hydrolyses butyrylthiocholine iodide (IBTCh), generating thiocholine that decomposes MnO(2) NS, restoring the blue fluorescence of N-MoOx QDs, and reducing the yellow fluorescence of oxOPD. MG inhibits BChE activity, enhancing N-MoOx QD quenching due to increased oxOPD concentration. Preliminary selectivity assessment indicated that, among the limited number of substances tested in this study, the system showed a pronounced response to MG. Additionally, fluorescence colour changes were captured using a smartphone. This dual-mode method is accurate, convenient, low-cost, and rapid for the detection of BChE in human serum and MG in aquatic products.