Masterman_2004_Prim.Care.Companion.J.Clin.Psychiatry_6_126

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive and functional decline and the emergence of behavioral disturbances. Behavioral symptoms, in particular, cause great distress to caregivers, creating an emotional and financial burden that often prompts the caregiver to place the patient in a nursing facility. The clinical deterioration in Alzheimer's disease is, in part, a result of deficits involving several neurochemical pathways. The cholinergic system, which is the most consistently and dramatically affected neurotransmitter system in Alzheimer's disease, has been strongly implicated in the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This article reviews evidence suggesting that, in addition to effects on cognition and function, the cholinesterase inhibitors benefit the behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies for the management of behavioral symptoms are discussed.