Ouknin_2026_Int.J.Mol.Sci_27_

This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between chemical profiles and in vitro biological activities of essential oils from Cladanthus eriolepis, Asteriscus graveolens, and Teucrium luteum subsp. flavovirens. The chemical composition of these essential oils has been previously reported in our recent publications, revealing distinct chemical profiles with pronounced interspecific variability and identification rates of 83.3%, 96.7%, and 98.1%, respectively. C. eriolepis exhibited a chemical profile rich in aliphatic esters with a mixed monoterpene-sesquiterpene composition dominated by alpha-pinene (13.0%), isobutyl angelate (10.7%), and 2-methylbutyl angelate (9.5%), whereas A. graveolens was characterized by a high abundance of 6-oxocyclonerolidol (72.5%). T. luteum subsp. flavovirens showed greater chemical complexity, including elemol (16.4%), alpha-pinene (12.0%), and eudesmol isomers (14.3%). All essential oils exhibited significant biological activities across various in vitro assays. C. eriolepis showed the strongest acaricidal effect (LC(50) = 0.539 microL/mL) and notable inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, and alpha-glucosidase (78.4%, 74.6%, and 69.2%, respectively). T. luteum subsp. flavovirens displayed the highest antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC(50) = 51.60 microg/mL; FRAP IC(50) = 35.53 microg/mL). Overall, variations in chemical profiles strongly influence biological activities, highlighting their potential as multifunctional bioactive sources.