Perkins_2000_Toxicol.Sci_53_308

The carbamate pesticide aldicarb demonstrates significant acute toxicity in mammals birds and fish through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase AChE and may present high potential for exposure of aquatic organisms during periods of runoff Toxicity studies have shown that channel catfish are less sensitive to the acute toxic effects of aldicarb than are rainbow trout or bluegill An earlier in vitro study suggests that the aldicarb resistance in catfish may be related to a low level of bioactivation to the potent aldicarb sulfoxide The current study examines the toxicity AChE inhibition plasma kinetics and in vivo metabolism of aldicarb in channel catfish A 48-h LC50 of 9.7 mg/l was determined for juvenile channel catfish Mortality was accompanied by dramatic loss of brain AChE Further characterization of tissue-level effects suggests that muscle AChE plays a causal role in mortality Aldicarb was metabolized in channel catfish to aldicarb sulfoxide along with the formation of minor hydrolytic products The toxicokinetics of aldicarb in catfish are bi-compartmental with rapid elimination t1/2 1.9 h Plasma AChE was inhibited in a pattern similar to that of the elimination of total aldicarb-derived compounds A comparison of aldicarb uptake between catfish and rainbow trout showed no difference in compound absorbed in 24 h The pattern of in vivo metabolism however was quite different between these species Rainbow trout produce significantly more hydrolytic derivatives and have a 3-fold higher aldicarb sulfoxide to aldicarb ratio at 3 h These data give strength to the hypothesis that a slower rate of bioactivation in the catfish vs rainbow trout is acting as a protective mechanism against the acute toxicity of aldicarb