R_2026_Curr.Neurovasc.Res__

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that progressively worsens with age. Medicinal plants have demonstrated potential for the management of AD. Cassytha filiformis, a native plant of the Indian subcontinent, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity, which could be beneficial in neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS: This study evaluates the anti-neurodegenerative effect and possible mechanism of action of a methanolic extract of Cassytha filiformis (MECF). Two compounds, AC-2 and AC-4, were isolated from the extract and assessed for cognitive behavior using the Morris water maze and probe test, followed by evaluation of antioxidant, neurochemical, and anti-inflammatory parameters, as well as in silico studies. RESULTS: Neurochemical abnormalities (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), NMDA (N-methyl-Daspartate), dopamine (DA)), neuro-inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-6), and antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO)) were evaluated. Histological examination of brain cells assessed the regenerative impact of the isolated compounds. Antioxidant levels and neuroinflammation were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the MECF-, AC-2-, and AC-4-treated groups. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased in the treated groups. Acetylcholine, NMDA, and dopamine levels showed marked improvement. Histopathological analysis revealed neuroregeneration in the test groups, and hematological evaluations supported these findings by demonstrating normalization of elevated blood profiles observed in the scopolamine-induced groups. DISCUSSION: MECF and its isolated compounds, AC-2 and AC-4, exhibited notable antioxidant and neuro-anti-inflammatory properties, enhancing cognitive function, learning, and memory. The observed neuroprotective effects suggest a potential therapeutic role for these compounds in the management of AD. CONCLUSION: Phenolic compounds present in AC-2 and AC-4 may be integral to the mechanism of action of MECF. Further investigations, including clinical validation, are necessary to explore the therapeutic potential of MECF, AC-2, and AC-4 in AD treatment.