Sakuragawa_1999_J.Child.Neurol_14_265

Human amniotic epithelial cells express makers of glial and neural stem cells. These cells also synthesize and release acetylcholine and catecholamines. This study of amniotic fluid demonstrated that acetylcholine and catecholamines can be readily identified in the fluid. Norepinephrine was the major catecholamine present, although dopamine and DOPAC could also be detected. The physiologic role of these amniotic fluid neurotransmitters in fetal-placental interactions and nervous system development is currently under investigation.