Shamim_2024_Chem.Biodivers__e202301858

Limeum indicum has been widely utilized in traditional medicine but no experimental work has been done on this herb. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a phytochemical analysis and assess the multifunctional capabilities of aforementioned plant in dual therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The phytochemical screening of ethanol, methanol extract, and their derived fractions of Limeum indicum was conducted using GC-MS, HPLC, UV-analysis and FTIR. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH method. The inhibitory potential of the extracts/fractions against alpha-, beta-glucosidase acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and monoaminine oxidases (MAO-A & B) was evaluated. Results revealed that acetonitrile fraction has highest inhibitory potential against alpha-glucosidase (IC50=68.47+/-0.05microg/mL), methanol extract against beta-glucosidase (IC50=91.12+/-0.07microg/mL), ethyl acetate fraction against AChE (IC50=59.0+/-0.02 microg/mL), ethanol extract against BChE (28.41+/-0.01microg/mL), n-hexane fraction against MAO-A (IC50=150.5+/-0.31microg/mL) and methanol extract for MAO-B (IC50=75.95+/-0.13microg/mL). The docking analysis of extracts\fractions suggested the best binding scores within the active pocket of the respective enzymes. During the in-vivo investigation, ethanol extract produced hypoglycemic effect (134.52+/-2.79 and 119.38+/-1.40 mg/dl) after 21 days treatment at dose level of 250 and 500 mg/Kg. Histopathological findings further supported the in-vivo studies.