Shirisha_2025_New.J.Chem_49_1072

Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the synthesis of C4-functionalized novel Pfitzinger acid derivatives via C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. This approach capitalizes on the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) comprising N,N'-dimethyl urea and l-(+)-tartaric acid (3 : 1 ratio) at 80 degreesC as the reaction medium. The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine-based Pfitzinger acid and its derivatives (methyl/benzyl esters, amides, and Weinreb amides) were used for C4 functionalization with aromatic aldehydes. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their dual cholinesterase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Most of the evaluated products showed significant inhibitory activity against AChE, BChE and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in comparison with standard drug tacrine (AChE IC50 = 201.05 nM; BChE IC50 = 202.14 nM) and acarbose (IC50 = 23 124 nM). Among the tested compounds, 6f showed inhibitory activity with IC50 = 119.45 nM (for AChE) and IC50 = 121.58 nM (for BChE), 6v showed inhibitory activity with IC50 = 121.87 nM (for AChE) and IC50 = 118.25 nM (for BChE) and 9g inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with IC50 = 21 442 nM. The docking and kinetic studies supported the experimental results obtained through in vitro experiments and predicted drug-like properties.