Steinbach_2017_Pest.Manag.Sci_73_1789

BACKGROUND: In many cases, resistance alleles have been associated with fitness costs and are often dependent on environmental factors such as temperature. Here, we studied the effects of temperature on the overall fitness, including development, survival and reproduction, of three insecticide-resistant and one susceptible strain of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.). RESULTS: The broader cross-resistance profile of the resistant strains previously selected by diamide and benzoylurea insecticides was tested. Cohort studies were conducted in the laboratory at three different temperatures (20 +/- 1 degrees C, 25 +/- 1 degrees C and 30 +/- 1 degrees C), and involved fitness costs were estimated. We observed significant differences in the development time, with the susceptible strain showing a shorter developmental period from egg stage to adult stage compared with the resistant strains. Moreover, the resistant strains differed significantly between one another. Additionally, the population growth parameters varied among the strains, with the benzoylurea-resistant strain showing the highest costs affecting the overall fitness of this strain. A temperature of 30 degrees C was unfavourable for DBM development, resulting in a reduced fitness in all strains. CONCLUSION: Benzoylurea selection pressure on a diamide-resistant P. xylostella strain resulted in lowest reproduction parameters and the longest generation time, as well as doubling the time among all strains tested. This suggests significant effects on the overall fitness and population growth parameters for diamide-resistant populations pressured by benzoylureas under applied conditions. (c) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.