Subas_2025_Plant.Foods.Hum.Nutr_80_114

Trachystemon orientalis (L.) D.Don is a perennial herb extensively utilized for culinary purposes and the treatment of numerous ailments. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and coronary heart disease. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) and cholesterol esterase (CE) aims to mitigate problems associated with lipid metabolism disorders by decreasing hyperlipidemia. In this context, enhancing antioxidant capability is an additional objective. This study assessed the PL and CE inhibitory actions of extracts and compounds from the aerial parts of T. orientalis, utilizing ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays to measure antioxidant capabilities. Rosmarinic acid, a combination of rosmarinic acid and danshensu (phenolic acids), and beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) were isolated. beta-sitosterol (IC(50): 41.698 +/- 1.982 microg/mL, 14.249 +/- 1.209 microg/mL, respectively) followed by rosmarinic acid (IC(50): 48.213 +/- 2.490 microg/mL, 21.941 +/- 3.785 microg/mL, respectively) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on PL and CE. Additionally, rosmarinic acid (FRAP: 1274.400 +/- 1.633 microM TEAC, CUPRAC: 1801.389 +/- 5.500 microM TEAC) and its combination with danshensu (FRAP: 1405.067 +/- 4.491, CUPRAC: 2174.167 +/- 9.647 microM TEAC) exhibited high antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate subextract (TOE) from which rosmarinic acid was isolated showed considerable enzyme inhibitory (IC(50): 47.577 +/- 0.931 microg/mL, 12.443 +/- 1.233 microg/mL, for PL and CE inhibition, respectively) and antioxidant activity (FRAP: 1770.021 +/- 4.583, CUPRAC: 2189.167 +/- 5.401 microM TEAC). T. orientalis has been identified as a promising natural resource for the management of lipid metabolism-related disorders and for enhancing antioxidant activity.