Torchi_2024_Anal.Biochem_696_115659

Lipases are involved in the basic metabolism of many organisms from simple microorganisms to mammals. Moreover, these versatile biocatalysts can catalyze various types of reactions, such as esterification, interesterification, aminolysis, hydrolysis, and many important classic organic reactions under mild conditions, which play critical roles in industrial catalysis, drug discovery, and medical diagnosis of diseases. The heterogeneous nature of this catalysis requires intimate contact between them and lipid emulsion droplets. The lipolytic activity of production isolates could be determined by monitoring the release of fatty acids. Therefore, adequate monitoring of the reaction medium is critical to gain mechanistic knowledge of lipid hydrolysis in response to changes in process conditions. This review paper provides an overview of the principles underlying different strategies for monitoring lipid hydrolysis. The strengths and limitations of each method are analyzed to provide practical guidance for future research.