Wang_2024_Cell.Biochem.Funct_42_e4069

Stem cells demonstrate differentiation and regulatory functions. In this discussion, we will explore the impacts of cell culture density on stem cell proliferation, adipogenesis, and regulatory abilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the initial culture density of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) on the adipogenic differentiation of autologous cells. Our findings indicate that the proliferation rate of hPDLSCs increased with increasing initial cell density (0.5-8 x 10(4) cells/cm(2)). After adipogenic differentiation induced by different initial cell densities of hPDLSC, we found that the mean adipose concentration and the expression levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPalpha), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) genes all increased with increasing cell density. To investigate the regulatory role of hPDLSCs in the adipogenic differentiation of other cells, we used secreted exocrine vesicles derived from hPDLSCs cultivated at different initial cell densities of 50 microg/mL to induce the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. We also found that the mean adipose concentration and expression of LPL, CEBPalpha, and PPARgamma genes increased with increasing cell density, with an optimal culture density of 8 x 10(4) cells/cm(2). This study provides a foundation for the application of adipogenic differentiation in stem cells.