Title : Precipitated withdrawal from nicotine reduces reinforcing effects of a visual stimulus for rats - Weaver_2012_Nicotine.Tob.Res_14_824 |
Author(s) : Weaver MT , Sweitzer M , Coddington S , Sheppard J , Verdecchia N , Caggiula AR , Sved AF , Donny EC |
Ref : Nicotine Tob Res , 14 :824 , 2012 |
Abstract :
INTRODUCTION: Research has identified at least two positive reinforcement-related effects of nicotine: (a) primary reinforcement and (b) enhancement of reinforcement from concurrently available stimuli. Prior examples of the reinforcement-enhancing effects with rats showed that repeated, intermittent nicotine exposure increased responding for non-nicotine reinforcers, and this effect remained robust over several weeks. However, the effects of continuous nicotine exposure on responding for a non-nicotine reinforcer are unknown, as are the effects of abruptly withdrawing continuous nicotine on behavior maintained by the same reinforcer. |
PubMedSearch : Weaver_2012_Nicotine.Tob.Res_14_824 |
PubMedID: 22218403 |
Weaver MT, Sweitzer M, Coddington S, Sheppard J, Verdecchia N, Caggiula AR, Sved AF, Donny EC (2012)
Precipitated withdrawal from nicotine reduces reinforcing effects of a visual stimulus for rats
Nicotine Tob Res
14 :824
Weaver MT, Sweitzer M, Coddington S, Sheppard J, Verdecchia N, Caggiula AR, Sved AF, Donny EC (2012)
Nicotine Tob Res
14 :824