Drozdowska_2024_Biomedicines_12_1079

Human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR) is an essential cellular enzyme, and inhibiting its activity is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. We have chosen the trimethoprim molecule (TMP) as a model compound in our search for a new class of hDHFR inhibitors. We incorporated an amide bond, a structural element typical of netropsin, a ligand that binds selectively in the minor groove of DNA, into the molecules of TMP analogs. In this work, we present previously obtained and evaluated eleven benzamides (JW1-JW8; MB1, MB3, MB4). Recently, these compounds were specifically projected as potential inhibitors of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and beta-secretase (BACE1). JW8 was most active against AChE, with an inhibitory concentration of AChE IC(50) = 0.056 microM, while the IC(50) for donepezil was 0.046 microM. This compound was also the most active against the BACE1 enzyme. The IC(50) value was 9.01 microM compared to that for quercetin, with IC(50) = 4.89 microM. All the benzamides were active against hDHFR, with IC(50) values ranging from 4.72 to 20.17 microM, and showed activity greater than TMP (55.26 microM). Quantitative results identified the derivatives JW2 and JW8 as the most promising. A molecular modeling study demonstrates that JW2 interacts strongly with the key residue Gly-117, while JW8 interacts strongly with Asn-64 and Arg-70. Furthermore, JW2 and JW8 demonstrate the ability to stabilize the hDHFR enzyme, despite forming fewer hydrogen bonds with the protein compared to reference ligands. It can be concluded that this class of compounds certainly holds great promise for good active leads in medicinal chemistry.