Li_2026_Foods_15_

Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is widely recognized as a high-grade Ganoderma product and is extensively consumed as a functional food and dietary supplement in China. To compare quality differences, nine batches of sporoderm-broken G. lucidum spore powders (DX, SD, FJ, JL, XZ, LQ, AH, LN, and GZ) were collected from representative producing regions across China. Their physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibition capacities were analyzed in this work. The results revealed varying degrees of differences in color, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and metabolic enzyme inhibitory effects among the samples. Notably, sample GZ contained the highest levels of total sugar, polysaccharides, lipids, protein, total phenolics, and total triterpenoids; sample XZ had the highest ergosterol content; and sample LN exhibited the highest levels of reducing sugar and nucleosides. GZ demonstrated the strongest radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ion-reducing capacity, and inhibitory effects against alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase, and xanthine oxidase. Sample AH showed the greatest Fe(2+)-chelating capacity. Principal component analysis indicated that GZ, AH, and LN exhibited stronger antioxidant and metabolic enzyme inhibition activities, whereas LQ and FJ showed lower activities. These findings confirm significant quality differences among G. lucidum spore powders sourced from different geographical regions.