Woodard_1994_Fundam.Appl.Toxicol_23_342

The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) has a menstrual cycle similar to the human. Differences in hormone levels have been demonstrated between the sexes and in females during the menstrual cycle but these differences in terms of organophosphorus toxicity have not been explored. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE/BCHE) and erythrocyte (RBC) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured before and after exposure to the organophosphorus compound sarin (11 micrograms/kg, i.v.; 0.75 LD50) in six male and six female rhesus monkeys. After baseline measurements were obtained, sarin was administered to atropinized monkeys to determine in vivo differences between the sexes in their response to sarin. With the baseline values, the intraanimal and intragroup BCHE/AChE variations were found to be minimal. Following sarin intoxication and 2-PAM treatment no significant differences were seen between the sexes in the rate of reactivation of BCHE or AChE by 2-PAM. The rate of aging of sarin phosphonylated RBC AChE between the sexes was also similar. De novo regeneration of RBC AChE and plasma BCHE after sarin intoxication was different between the male and female monkeys. The female plasma BCHE recovery rate was 48% slower than the male recovery rate, while the early (first 63 days) RBC AChE recovery rate was 24.5% faster in the females. In conclusion, there probably are not any clinically significant differences between male and female rhesus monkeys acutely intoxicated with sarin. However, on subsequent exposure clinical differences may be observed due to substantial differences in the rate of de novo synthesis of both plasma BCHE and RBC AChE.