el-Fawal_1988_Neurotoxicol_9_625

A biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation was used to assess in vitro neuromuscular function in adult white leghorn hens with clinical signs of delayed neuropathy induced by phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP). Denervation of fast-twitch muscle fibers 13-15 days after PSP was indicated by higher excitability thresholds and by discontinuities of the strength-duration curves. Nerve degeneration was also indicated by significantly elevated rheobase values for all three experimental groups (2, 6 and 10 mg/kg PSP, im) and by shorter chronaxie for preparations from hens receiving 6 and 10 mg/kg. Chronaxie values for preparations from hens given 2 mg/kg PSP were longer than controls, indicating only partial denervation. Biventer cervicis muscle from all PSP-treated hens was 100-1000x more sensitive to acetylcholine (ACh) than muscle from untreated hens, a response typical of denervated slow-tonic muscle. Tension development in response to ACh was 20-45x greater than control in muscle of PSP-treated hens. The greatest sensitivity and tension development in response to ACh was encountered in muscles from hens given 10 mg/kg PSP. Denervation was also indicated histologically by the extensive degeneration and loss of larger myelinated nerve fibers. This study indicates that alteration in neuromuscular function and morphology occurs in the neck region of chickens during OPIDN and that deficits in nerves innervating both fast-twitch and slow-tonic muscles can be differentiated by nerve stimulation and by denervation hypersensitivity to ACh.