Fayed_2024_Eur.J.Med.Chem_284_117201

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily caused by oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylated tau-protein aggregation, and amyloid-beta deposition. Changes in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter pathways are linked to certain symptoms of AD. Derivatives of bicyclic and tricyclic cyclohepta[b]thiophene were developed to identify new potential candidates as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors for the treatment of AD. All synthesized compounds exhibited AChE inhibition with IC(50) values below 15 microM, while all compounds exhibited BChE inhibition with IC(50) values below 25 microM. Compounds 9 and 12 exhibited AChE inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 0.51 microM and 0.55 microM, respectively. Compounds 5 and 9 demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against BChE with IC(50) values of 2.9 microM and 2.48 microM, respectively. Compounds 9, 13, and 14 were found to be the most active in terms of the decrease in the escape latency time, with values comparable to that of Donepezil. Compounds 10, 11, and 12 exhibited promising effects on learning and memory. Compounds 5, 10, 11, and 12 exhibited promising SAP values of 70.67 %, 71.5 %, 74.33 % and 73.83 %, respectively. Other biomarkers were evaluated in rat brains including TAC, MDA, SOD, BDNF, IL-beta and TNF-alpha. Fundamental features of ADMET have been computed in-silico for synthesized compounds. Molecular docking was performed to confirm the binding of the novel compounds to the targets.