Title : Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla - Mahowald_2009_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_106_5859 |
Author(s) : Mahowald MA , Rey FE , Seedorf H , Turnbaugh PJ , Fulton RS , Wollam A , Shah N , Wang C , Magrini V , Wilson RK , Cantarel BL , Coutinho PM , Henrissat B , Crock LW , Russell A , VerBerkmoes NC , Hettich RL , Gordon JI |
Ref : Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 106 :5859 , 2009 |
Abstract :
The adult human distal gut microbial community is typically dominated by 2 bacterial phyla (divisions), the Firmicutes and the Bacteroidetes. Little is known about the factors that govern the interactions between their members. Here, we examine the niches of representatives of both phyla in vivo. Finished genome sequences were generated from Eubacterium rectale and E. eligens, which belong to Clostridium Cluster XIVa, one of the most common gut Firmicute clades. Comparison of these and 25 other gut Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes indicated that the Firmicutes possess smaller genomes and a disproportionately smaller number of glycan-degrading enzymes. Germ-free mice were then colonized with E. rectale and/or a prominent human gut Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, followed by whole-genome transcriptional profiling, high-resolution proteomic analysis, and biochemical assays of microbial-microbial and microbial-host interactions. B. thetaiotaomicron adapts to E. rectale by up-regulating expression of a variety of polysaccharide utilization loci encoding numerous glycoside hydrolases, and by signaling the host to produce mucosal glycans that it, but not E. rectale, can access. E. rectale adapts to B. thetaiotaomicron by decreasing production of its glycan-degrading enzymes, increasing expression of selected amino acid and sugar transporters, and facilitating glycolysis by reducing levels of NADH, in part via generation of butyrate from acetate, which in turn is used by the gut epithelium. This simplified model of the human gut microbiota illustrates niche specialization and functional redundancy within members of its major bacterial phyla, and the importance of host glycans as a nutrient foundation that ensures ecosystem stability. |
PubMedSearch : Mahowald_2009_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_106_5859 |
PubMedID: 19321416 |
Gene_locus related to this paper: eube2-c4z2j4 , eube2-c4z5d5 , eube2-c4z6k4 , eube2-c4z179 , eube2-c4z180 , eubr3-c4z8a6 , eubr3-c4zfm2 , eubr3-c4zhp3 , eubr3-c4zf28 |
Gene_locus | eube2-c4z2j4 eube2-c4z5d5 eube2-c4z6k4 eube2-c4z179 eube2-c4z180 eubr3-c4z8a6 eubr3-c4zfm2 eubr3-c4zhp3 eubr3-c4zf28 |
Gene_locus_frgt | eubr3-c4zgk4 |
Mahowald MA, Rey FE, Seedorf H, Turnbaugh PJ, Fulton RS, Wollam A, Shah N, Wang C, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Crock LW, Russell A, VerBerkmoes NC, Hettich RL, Gordon JI (2009)
Characterizing a model human gut microbiota composed of members of its two dominant bacterial phyla
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
106 :5859
Mahowald MA, Rey FE, Seedorf H, Turnbaugh PJ, Fulton RS, Wollam A, Shah N, Wang C, Magrini V, Wilson RK, Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Crock LW, Russell A, VerBerkmoes NC, Hettich RL, Gordon JI (2009)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
106 :5859