Sugammadex
Sugammadex is a selective relaxant binding agent (neuromuscular blocking agents NMBAs) indicated for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide during surgery in adults. Rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide are neuromuscular blocking medications that cause temporary paralysis and are especially useful for general anesthesia, ventilation, or tracheal intubation that patients may require for surgery. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been successfully used as antagonists for NMBAs but their effects are transient and ineffective against profound neuromuscular blockade
General
Type :
Chemical_Nomenclature : 3-[[(1S,3S,5S,6S,8S,10S,11S,13S,15S,16S,18S,20S,21S,23S,25S,26S,28S,30S,31S,33S,35S,36S,38S,40S,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R,50R,51R,52R,53R,54R,55R,56R)-10,15,20,25,30,35,40-heptakis(2-carboxyethylsulfanylmethyl)-41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-hexadecahydroxy-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34,37,39-hexadecaoxanonacyclo[36.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31.233,36]hexapentacontan-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]propanoic acid
Canonical SMILES : C(CSCC1C2C(C(C(O1)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(OC(C(C4O)O)OC5C(OC(C(C5O)O)OC6C(OC(C(C6O)O)OC7C(OC(C(C7O)O)OC8C(OC(C(C8O)O)OC9C(OC(O2)C(C9O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)CSCCC(=O)O)O)O)C(=O)O
InChI : InChI=1S\/C72H112O48S8\/c73-33(74)1-9-121-17-25-57-41(89)49(97)65(105-25)114-58-26(18-122-10-2-34(75)76)107-67(51(99)43(58)91)116-60-28(20-124-12-4-36(79)80)109-69(53(101)45(60)93)118-62-30(22-126-14-6-38(83)84)111-71(55(103)47(62)95)120-64-32(24-128-16-8-40(87)88)112-72(56(104)48(64)96)119-63-31(23-127-15-7-39(85)86)110-70(54(102)46(63)94)117-61-29(21-125-13-5-37(81)82)108-68(52(100)44(61)92)115-59-27(19-123-11-3-35(77)78)106-66(113-57)50(98)42(59)90\/h25-32,41-72,89-104H,1-24H2,(H,73,74)(H,75,76)(H,77,78)(H,79,80)(H,81,82)(H,83,84)(H,85,86)(H,87,88)\/t25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,32-,41-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-\/m1\/s1
InChIKey : WHRODDIHRRDWEW-VTHZAVIASA-N
Other name(s) : Bridion, UNII-361LPM2T56, 361LPM2T56, SCHEMBL13917069, CHEBI:90953
MW : 2002.2
Formula : C72H112O48S8
CAS_number : 343306-71-8
PubChem : 6918585
UniChem : WHRODDIHRRDWEW-VTHZAVIASA-N
Wikipedia : Sugammadex
Target
Families : No family
Protein : No protein
References (68)
| Title : Comparison of the effects of neostigmine and sugammadex on postoperative residual curarization and postoperative pulmonary complications by means of diaphragm and lung ultrasonography: a study protocol for prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial - Zhang_2022_Trials_23_376 |
| Author(s) : Zhang YG , Chen Y , Zhang YL , Yi J |
| Ref : Trials , 23 :376 , 2022 |
| PubMedID: 35526047 |
| Title : Comparison of the Effect of Sugammadex and Pyridostigmine on Postoperative Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Analysis - Kwon_2022_Medicina.(Kaunas)_58_ |
| Author(s) : Kwon YS , Kim JH , Hwang SM , Choi JW , Kang SS |
| Ref : Medicina (Kaunas) , 58 : , 2022 |
| PubMedID: 35630007 |
| Title : Efficacy and safety of sugammadex for neuromuscular blockade reversal in pediatric patients: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis - Lang_2022_BMC.Pediatr_22_295 |
| Author(s) : Lang B , Han L , Zeng L , Zhang Q , Chen S , Huang L , Jia Z , Yu Q , Zhang L |
| Ref : BMC Pediatr , 22 :295 , 2022 |
| PubMedID: 35590273 |
| Title : Optimizing Reversal of Neuromuscular Block in Older Adults: Sugammadex or Neostigmine - Togioka_2022_Drugs.Aging__ |
| Author(s) : Togioka BM , Schenning KJ |
| Ref : Drugs & Aging , : , 2022 |
| PubMedID: 35934764 |
| Title : Sugammadex is associated with shorter hospital length of stay after open lobectomy for lung cancer: a retrospective observational study - Song_2021_J.Cardiothorac.Surg_16_45 |
| Author(s) : Song SW , Yoo KY , Ro YS , Pyeon T , Bae HB , Kim J |
| Ref : J Cardiothorac Surg , 16 :45 , 2021 |
| PubMedID: 33757525 |
| Title : A Clinical and Budgetary Impact Analysis of Introducing Sugammadex for Routine Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade in a Hypothetical Cohort in the US - Jiang_2021_Adv.Ther__ |
| Author(s) : Jiang Y , Bash LD , Saager L |
| Ref : Adv Ther , : , 2021 |
| PubMedID: 33871823 |
| Title : Sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular blockade prior to withdrawal of life support - Lemus_2021_J.Pain.Symptom.Manage__ |
| Author(s) : Lemus R , Guider W , Gee SW , Humphrey L , Tobias JD |
| Ref : J Pain Symptom Manage , : , 2021 |
| PubMedID: 33677073 |
| Title : Sugammadex in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - Chen_2021_J.Surg.Res_270_221 |
| Author(s) : Chen AT , Patel A , McKechnie T , Lee Y , Doumouras AG , Hong D , Eskicioglu C |
| Ref : J Surg Res , 270 :221 , 2021 |
| PubMedID: 34710702 |
| Title : Should we Routinely Reverse Neuromuscular Blockade with Sugammadex in Patients with a History of Heart Transplantation? - Yuki_2020_Transl.Perioper.Pain.Med_7_185 |
| Author(s) : Yuki K , Scholl R |
| Ref : Transl Perioper Pain Med , 7 :185 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32039284 |
| Title : Sugammadex: Applications in Pediatric Critical Care - Tobias_2020_J.Pediatr.Intensive.Care_9_162 |
| Author(s) : Tobias JD |
| Ref : J Pediatr Intensive Care , 9 :162 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32685243 |
| Title : Randomised controlled trial of sugammadex or neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular block on the incidence of pulmonary complications in older adults undergoing prolonged surgery - Togioka_2020_Br.J.Anaesth__ |
| Author(s) : Togioka BM , Yanez D , Aziz MF , Higgins JR , Tekkali P , Treggiari MM |
| Ref : British Journal of Anaesthesia , : , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32139135 |
| Title : Effects on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility After Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal With Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine\/Glycopyrrolate in Colorectal Surgery Patients - Hunt_2020_Ann.Pharmacother__1060028020929061 |
| Author(s) : Hunt ME , Yates JR , Vega H , Heidel RE , Buehler JM |
| Ref : Annals of Pharmacotherapy , :1060028020929061 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32468846 |
| Title : Heart rate changes following the administration of sugammadex in children: a prospective, observational study - Alsuhebani_2020_J.Anesth__ |
| Author(s) : Alsuhebani M , Sims T , Hansen JK , Hakim M , Walia H , Miller R , Tumin D , Tobias JD |
| Ref : J Anesth , : , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 31980926 |
| Title : Myasthenia gravis and sugammadex: A case report and review of the literature - Dontukurthy_2020_Saudi.J.Anaesth_14_244 |
| Author(s) : Dontukurthy S , Wisler C , Raman V , Tobias JD |
| Ref : Saudi J Anaesth , 14 :244 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32317886 |
| Title : Neuromuscular blockade reversal with sugammadex versus pyridostigmine\/glycopyrrolate in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial of effects on postoperative gastrointestinal motility - An_2020_Korean.J.Anesthesiol_73_137 |
| Author(s) : An J , Noh H , Kim E , Lee J , Woo K , Kim H |
| Ref : Korean J Anesthesiol , 73 :137 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 31636242 |
| Title : Heart Rate Changes Following the Administration of Sugammadex to Infants and Children With Comorbid Cardiac, Cardiovascular, and Congenital Heart Diseases - Arends_2020_Cardiol.Res_11_274 |
| Author(s) : Arends J , Hubbard R , Shafy SZ , Hakim M , Kim SS , Tumin D , Tobias JD |
| Ref : Cardiol Res , 11 :274 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 32849961 |
| Title : Comparison of the Effects of Sugammadex, Neostigmine, and Pyridostigmine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Propensity Matched Study of Five Hospitals - Kim_2020_J.Clin.Med_9_3477 |
| Author(s) : Kim JH , Lim MS , Choi JW , Kim H , Kwon YS , Lee JJ |
| Ref : J Clin Med , 9 :3724 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 33126598 |
| Title : Decrease in heart rate following the administration of sugammadex in adults - Sims_2020_J.Anaesthesiol.Clin.Pharmacol_36_465 |
| Author(s) : Sims T , Peterson J , Hakim M , Roth C , Tumin D , Tobias JD , Hansen JK |
| Ref : J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol , 36 :465 , 2020 |
| PubMedID: 33840924 |
| Title : Failure of reversion of neuromuscular block with sugammadex in patient with myasthenia gravis: case report and brief review of literature - Fernandes_2019_BMC.Anesthesiol_19_160 |
| Author(s) : Fernandes HDS , Ximenes JLS , Nunes DI , Ashmawi HA , Vieira JE |
| Ref : BMC Anesthesiol , 19 :160 , 2019 |
| PubMedID: 31421671 |
| Title : Comparison of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of Sugammadex and Neostigmine on human embryonic renal cell (HEK-293) - Buyukfirat_2018_Cell.Mol.Biol.(Noisy-le-grand)_64_74 |
| Author(s) : Buyukfirat E , Koyuncu I , Karahan MA , Binici O , Altay N , Kirmit A , Gonel A |
| Ref : Cellular & Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-grand) , 64 :74 , 2018 |
| PubMedID: 30403599 |
| Title : Recovery of muscle function after deep neuromuscular block by means of diaphragm ultrasonography and adductor of pollicis acceleromyography with comparison of neostigmine vs. sugammadex as reversal drugs: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Cappellini_2018_Trials_19_135 |
| Author(s) : Cappellini I , Picciafuochi F , Ostento D , Danti G , De Gaudio AR , Adembri C |
| Ref : Trials , 19 :135 , 2018 |
| PubMedID: 29467022 |
| Title : [Reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex in five heart transplant pediatric recipients] - Carlos_2018_Rev.Bras.Anestesiol_68_416 |
| Author(s) : Carlos RV , Torres MLA , de Boer HD |
| Ref : Rev Bras Anestesiol , 68 :416 , 2018 |
| PubMedID: 29317084 |
| Title : Profile of sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular blockade in the elderly: current perspectives - Carron_2018_Clin.Interv.Aging_13_13 |
| Author(s) : Carron M , Bertoncello F , Ieppariello G |
| Ref : Clin Interv Aging , 13 :13 , 2018 |
| PubMedID: 29317806 |
| Title : Current evidence for the use of sugammadex in children - Tobias_2017_Paediatr.Anaesth_27_118 |
| Author(s) : Tobias JD |
| Ref : Paediatr Anaesth , 27 :118 , 2017 |
| PubMedID: 27859917 |
| Title : Sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular blockade in a child with a past history of cardiac transplantation - Miller_2017_Ann.Card.Anaesth_20_376 |
| Author(s) : Miller K , Hall B , Tobias JD |
| Ref : Ann Card Anaesth , 20 :376 , 2017 |
| PubMedID: 28701612 |
| Title : Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults - Hristovska_2017_Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev_8_CD012763 |
| Author(s) : Hristovska AM , Duch P , Allingstrup M , Afshari A |
| Ref : Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 8 :CD012763 , 2017 |
| PubMedID: 28806470 |
| Title : The effect of sugammadex on steroid hormones: A randomized clinical study - Gunduz_2016_J.Clin.Anesth_34_62 |
| Author(s) : Gunduz Gul G , Ozer AB , Demirel I , Aksu A , Erhan OL |
| Ref : Journal of Clinical Anesthesia , 34 :62 , 2016 |
| PubMedID: 27687347 |
| Title : Rapid Return of Spontaneous Respiration after General Anesthesia with Sugammadex in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis - Kim_2016_J.Lifestyle.Med_6_43 |
| Author(s) : Kim RK , Kim SY |
| Ref : J Lifestyle Med , 6 :43 , 2016 |
| PubMedID: 27358839 |
| Title : Reversing neuromuscular blockade: inhibitors of the acetylcholinesterase versus the encapsulating agents sugammadex and calabadion - Haerter_2016_Expert.Opin.Pharmacother_17_819 |
| Author(s) : Haerter F , Eikermann M |
| Ref : Expert Opin Pharmacother , 17 :819 , 2016 |
| PubMedID: 26799963 |
| Title : Sugammadex: A Scientific Review Including Safety and Efficacy, Update on Regulatory Issues, and Clinical Use in Europe - Jahr_2015_Am.J.Ther_22_288 |
| Author(s) : Jahr JS , Miller JE , Hiruma J , Emaus K , You M , Meistelman C |
| Ref : Am J Ther , 22 :288 , 2015 |
| PubMedID: 25299637 |
| Title : Comparison of sugammadex and conventional reversal on postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, blinded trial - Koyuncu_2015_J.Clin.Anesth_27_51 |
| Author(s) : Koyuncu O , Turhanoglu S , Ozbakis Akkurt C , Karcioglu M , Ozkan M , Ozer C , Sessler DI , Turan A |
| Ref : Journal of Clinical Anesthesia , 27 :51 , 2015 |
| PubMedID: 25544263 |
| Title : The use of sugammadex for the reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block following intracranial surgery - Karwacki_2015_Anaesthesiol.Intensive.Ther_47_297 |
| Author(s) : Karwacki Z , Niewiadomski S , Rzaska M |
| Ref : Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther , 47 :297 , 2015 |
| PubMedID: 26401735 |
| Title : Sugammadex: A Comprehensive Review of the Published Human Science, Including Renal Studies - Partownavid_2015_Am.J.Ther_22_298 |
| Author(s) : Partownavid P , Romito BT , Ching W , Berry AA , Barkulis CT , Nguyen KP , Jahr JS |
| Ref : Am J Ther , 22 :298 , 2015 |
| PubMedID: 25299638 |
| Title : Sugammadex versus neostigmine in pediatric patients: a prospective randomized study - Kara_2014_Braz.J.Anesthesiol_64_400 |
| Author(s) : Kara T , Ozbagriacik O , Turk HS , Isil CT , Gokuc O , Unsal O , Seyhan E , Oba S |
| Ref : Braz J Anesthesiol , 64 :400 , 2014 |
| PubMedID: 25442197 |
| Title : A miracle that accelerates operating room functionality: sugammadex - Dogan_2014_Biomed.Res.Int_2014_945310 |
| Author(s) : Dogan E , Akdemir MS , Guzel A , Yildirim MB , Baysal Yildirim Z , Kuyumcu M , Gumus A , Akelma H |
| Ref : Biomed Res Int , 2014 :945310 , 2014 |
| PubMedID: 25202709 |
| Title : Is sugammadex economically viable for routine use - Fuchs-Buder_2012_Curr.Opin.Anaesthesiol_25_217 |
| Author(s) : Fuchs-Buder T , Meistelman C , Schreiber JU |
| Ref : Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , 25 :217 , 2012 |
| PubMedID: 22157200 |
| Title : [Effective reversal of muscle relaxation by rocuronium using sugammadex in a patient with myasthenia gravis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy] - Komasawa_2011_Masui_60_476 |
| Author(s) : Komasawa N , Noma H , Sugi T , Sukenaga N , Kakiuchi H |
| Ref : Masui , 60 :476 , 2011 |
| PubMedID: 21520600 |
| Title : Rocuronium antagonized by sugammadex for series of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a patient with pseudocholinesterase deficiency - Batistaki_2011_J.ECT_27_e47 |
| Author(s) : Batistaki C , Kesidis K , Apostolaki S , Kostopanagiotou G |
| Ref : J Ect , 27 :e47 , 2011 |
| PubMedID: 21206368 |
| Title : Sugammadex, a promising reversal drug. A review of clinical trials - Makri_2011_Rev.Recent.Clin.Trials_6_250 |
| Author(s) : Makri I , Papadima A , Lafioniati A , Pappas AB , George K , Nikolaos KE , Ioannis CD , Charalambos S , Emmanuel LE , Xanthos T , Papadimitriou L |
| Ref : Rev Recent Clin Trials , 6 :250 , 2011 |
| PubMedID: 21682689 |
| Title : Rocuronium reversed by sugammadex for electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with prolonged duration of action of succinylcholine - |
| Author(s) : Visser WA , Ermens AA , de Boer HD , Van Os E |
| Ref : Anaesthesia & Intensive Care , 39 :1153 , 2011 |
| PubMedID: 22165379 |
| Title : Reversal of profound vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block under sevoflurane anesthesia: sugammadex versus neostigmine - Lemmens_2010_BMC.Anesthesiol_10_15 |
| Author(s) : Lemmens HJ , El-Orbany MI , Berry J , Morte JB, Jr. , Martin G |
| Ref : BMC Anesthesiol , 10 :15 , 2010 |
| PubMedID: 20809967 |
| Title : Sugammadex provides faster reversal of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade compared with neostigmine: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial - Khuenl-Brady_2010_Anesth.Analg_110_64 |
| Author(s) : Khuenl-Brady KS , Wattwil M , Vanacker BF , Lora-Tamayo JI , Rietbergen H , Alvarez-Gomez JA |
| Ref : Anesthesia & Analgesia , 110 :64 , 2010 |
| PubMedID: 19713265 |
| Title : Sugammadex and cholinesterase inhibitors - |
| Author(s) : de Boer HD |
| Ref : Anaesthesia & Intensive Care , 38 :955 , 2010 |
| PubMedID: 20865891 |
| Title : The use of sugammadex in a patient with myasthenia gravis - Unterbuchner_2010_Anaesthesia_65_302 |
| Author(s) : Unterbuchner C , Fink H , Blobner M |
| Ref : Anaesthesia , 65 :302 , 2010 |
| PubMedID: 20105151 |
| Title : Sugammadex: a selective relaxant-binding agent providing rapid reversal - Rex_2010_Curr.Opin.Anaesthesiol_23_461 |
| Author(s) : Rex C , Bergner UA , Puhringer FK |
| Ref : Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , 23 :461 , 2010 |
| PubMedID: 20489603 |
| Title : Preclinical pharmacology of sugammadex - Bom_2009_J.Crit.Care_24_29 |
| Author(s) : Bom A , Hope F , Rutherford S , Thomson K |
| Ref : J Crit Care , 24 :29 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19272536 |
| Title : Cyclodextrins and the emergence of sugammadex - Booij_2009_Anaesthesia_64 Suppl 1_31 |
| Author(s) : Booij LH |
| Ref : Anaesthesia , 64 Suppl 1 :31 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19222429 |
| Title : In vivo animal studies with sugammadex - Booij_2009_Anaesthesia_64 Suppl 1_38 |
| Author(s) : Booij LH , van Egmond J , Driessen JJ , de Boer HD |
| Ref : Anaesthesia , 64 Suppl 1 :38 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19222430 |
| Title : Selective reversal of muscle relaxation in general anesthesia: focus on sugammadex - Brull_2009_Drug.Des.Devel.Ther_3_119 |
| Author(s) : Brull SJ , Naguib M |
| Ref : Drug Des Devel Ther , 3 :119 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19920928 |
| Title : Reversal of neuromuscular block with a selective relaxant-binding agent: sugammadex - Ren_2009_Am.J.Ther_16_295 |
| Author(s) : Ren WH , Jahr JS |
| Ref : Am J Ther , 16 :295 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19535969 |
| Title : Discovery, development, and clinical application of sugammadex sodium, a selective relaxant binding agent - Welliver_2009_Drug.Des.Devel.Ther_2_49 |
| Author(s) : Welliver M , McDonough J , Kalynych N , Redfern R |
| Ref : Drug Des Devel Ther , 2 :49 , 2009 |
| PubMedID: 19920893 |
| Title : Sugammadex: a cyclodextrin to reverse neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia - Donati_2008_Expert.Opin.Pharmacother_9_1375 |
| Author(s) : Donati F |
| Ref : Expert Opin Pharmacother , 9 :1375 , 2008 |
| PubMedID: 18473711 |
| Title : Neostigmine but not sugammadex impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity and breathing - Eikermann_2008_Br.J.Anaesth_101_344 |
| Author(s) : Eikermann M , Zaremba S , Malhotra A , Jordan AS , Rosow C , Chamberlin NL |
| Ref : British Journal of Anaesthesia , 101 :344 , 2008 |
| PubMedID: 18559352 |
| Title : Reversal of profound rocuronium-induced blockade with sugammadex: a randomized comparison with neostigmine - Jones_2008_Anesthesiology_109_816 |
| Author(s) : Jones RK , Caldwell JE , Brull SJ , Soto RG |
| Ref : Anesthesiology , 109 :816 , 2008 |
| PubMedID: 18946293 |
| Title : Sugammadex: a novel neuromuscular blocker binding agent - Fields_2007_Curr.Opin.Anaesthesiol_20_307 |
| Author(s) : Fields AM , Vadivelu N |
| Ref : Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , 20 :307 , 2007 |
| PubMedID: 17620836 |
| Title : Sugammadex: another milestone in clinical neuromuscular pharmacology - Naguib_2007_Anesth.Analg_104_575 |
| Author(s) : Naguib M |
| Ref : Anesthesia & Analgesia , 104 :575 , 2007 |
| PubMedID: 17312211 |
| Title : Sugammadex: a novel agent for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade - Nicholson_2007_Pharmacotherapy_27_1181 |
| Author(s) : Nicholson WT , Sprung J , Jankowski CJ |
| Ref : Pharmacotherapy , 27 :1181 , 2007 |
| PubMedID: 17655516 |
| Title : Sugammadex reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade: a comparison with neostigmine-glycopyrrolate and edrophonium-atropine - Sacan_2007_Anesth.Analg_104_569 |
| Author(s) : Sacan O , White PF , Tufanogullari B , Klein K |
| Ref : Anesthesia & Analgesia , 104 :569 , 2007 |
| PubMedID: 17312210 |