(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Deuterostomia: NE > Chordata: NE > Craniata: NE > Vertebrata: NE > Gnathostomata: NE > Teleostomi: NE > Euteleostomi: NE > Sarcopterygii: NE > Dipnotetrapodomorpha: NE > Tetrapoda: NE > Amniota: NE > Mammalia: NE > Theria: NE > Eutheria: NE > Boreoeutheria: NE > Laurasiatheria: NE > Chiroptera: NE > Microchiroptera: NE > Vespertilionidae: NE > Myotis: NE > Myotis lucifugus: NE
NLVFSLFLTPYLISISDTDGTCPSFTRLSFHSAVVGTGLRVKLMLYTRRD
PTCAQVINATALGNLNVTKRTTFIIHGFRPTGSPPVWIGDLVEGLLFIED
MNVIVVDWNRGATTVLYNKAADKTRKVATVLKKFIDHLLTKGASLDDIYM
IGVSLGAHISGFVGEEYNGKLGRITGLDPAGPLFNGKPPEDRLDPSDAQF
VDVIHSDIDALGYKEPLGNIDFYPNGGLDQPGCPKTIFGGMQYFKCDHQK
SVYLYLSSLRENCTVTAYPCDSYRDYRNGKCVSCGTPQTESCPLLGYFAD
NWKDYLTEKDPPMTKAYFDTAEEKPFCIYHYFVDIITWNKNIRRGSITIK
LKDKAGNTTESKIDHEPATFQKYHQVSLLARFSRDLDKVAAISLVFSTGS
VVGPRYKLRILRMKLRSLVHPERPQLCRYDLVLMENIETVFQPILCPKLQ
L
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA NLVFSLFLTPYLISISDTDGTCPSFTRLSFHSAVVGTGLRVKLMLYTRRD PTCAQVINATALGNLNVTKRTTFIIHGFRPTGSPPVWIGDLVEGLLFIED MNVIVVDWNRGATTVLYNKAADKTRKVATVLKKFIDHLLTKGASLDDIYM IGVSLGAHISGFVGEEYNGKLGRITGLDPAGPLFNGKPPEDRLDPSDAQF VDVIHSDIDALGYKEPLGNIDFYPNGGLDQPGCPKTIFGGMQYFKCDHQK SVYLYLSSLRENCTVTAYPCDSYRDYRNGKCVSCGTPQTESCPLLGYFAD NWKDYLTEKDPPMTKAYFDTAEEKPFCIYHYFVDIITWNKNIRRGSITIK LKDKAGNTTESKIDHEPATFQKYHQVSLLARFSRDLDKVAAISLVFSTGS VVGPRYKLRILRMKLRSLVHPERPQLCRYDLVLMENIETVFQPILCPKLQ L
Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight, and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt's bat (Myotis brandtii) is the longest-lived bat species known to date (lifespan exceeds 40 years) and, at 4-8 g adult body weight, is the most extreme mammal with regard to disparity between body mass and longevity. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the Brandt's bat genome and transcriptome, which suggest adaptations consistent with echolocation and hibernation, as well as altered metabolism, reproduction and visual function. Unique sequence changes in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors are also observed. The data suggest that an altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, which may be common to other long-lived bat species, together with adaptations such as hibernation and low reproductive rate, contribute to the exceptional lifespan of the Brandt's bat.
The comparison of related genomes has emerged as a powerful lens for genome interpretation. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes. We confirm that at least 5.5% of the human genome has undergone purifying selection, and locate constrained elements covering approximately 4.2% of the genome. We use evolutionary signatures and comparisons with experimental data sets to suggest candidate functions for approximately 60% of constrained bases. These elements reveal a small number of new coding exons, candidate stop codon readthrough events and over 10,000 regions of overlapping synonymous constraint within protein-coding exons. We find 220 candidate RNA structural families, and nearly a million elements overlapping potential promoter, enhancer and insulator regions. We report specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection, 280,000 non-coding elements exapted from mobile elements and more than 1,000 primate- and human-accelerated elements. Overlap with disease-associated variants indicates that our findings will be relevant for studies of human biology, health and disease.
